In this article you will learn everything related to Bruno Munari's methodology for problem solving. Without a doubt, he was an extraordinary artist and graphic designer, when it comes to art and technique; always lived at the forefront of the future.
Bruno Munari's Methodology
In principle, it must be made clear that the Bruno Munari's methodology is one of many about design and problem solving. In such a way that the most advisable thing is to first mention some basic concepts related to the subject, and then delve into the methodology that occupies our attention today.
Related basics
Next we will outline three fundamental concepts for the understanding of the Bruno Munari's methodology and problem solving. These are:
Integrated
In general terms, the concept of design is associated with creativity, since it is through it that we obtain the solution to any problem. Thus, it is present in almost any area of our life, even more so in the industrial, advertising, architectural and communication sectors, among others.
However, the formal definition of design tells us that this is a process through which we obtain a mental preconfiguration about a certain problem that must be solved. In the same way, it covers the study of other dimensions, such as: functionality, operability, useful life and the interaction of the object with the user.
Additionally, the design makes use of various tools, such as: drawings, sketches, diagrams, among others, through which it reflects said pre-configuration. Finally, design is synonymous with creation, innovation and development.
In this regard, I invite you to read our article called: Introduction to graphic design An element of life !, because in it you will find from its concept, to its function and much more.
Methodology
For its part, the methodology refers to a set of methods and techniques, which are used in a systematic way to respond to a problem statement. Similarly, we can say that the methodology corresponds to the conceptual support through which we define the way in which we apply certain procedures.
Finally, due to the general nature of the problems, it is common to hear about various types of methodology. Among them, the following stand out: research, didactic, legal and design methodology, among others.
Method
Regarding the method, we can say that this is the form or manner by which we govern ourselves to achieve a proposed objective, including the resolution of a problem. Additionally, we have that the method is systematic, organized and structured, which responds to certain preconceived ideas about the perception we have about the object that occupies our attention.
Metodology of the design
In general terms, the design methodology is a fundamental tool for the job performance of graphic design specialists. Well, this allows them to systematically approach any project related to their area, as well as problem solving.
Additionally, this type of methodology, like any other, has practical purposes within the teaching-learning process. Well, it constitutes an effective means for the transmission of knowledge between the different generations; in such a way that it is strengthened by the experiences of designers who teach and that of learners who hope to learn.
What is Bruno Munari's methodology for problem solving?
First of all, we must note that Bruno Munari conceived design as a logical, coherent, exact and objective project. In this way, he established that the design process starts from the logical description of a problem and encompasses the construction of solutions, until reaching a well-realized result, as a product of the practice of the trade.
In other words, the Bruno Munari's methodology For problem solving, it consists of a set of operations arranged logically, according to the results of previous experiences. Additionally, it has the primary objective of optimizing results, without the need to maximize efforts.
On the other hand, Munari established that design encompasses several elements, among which we can mention the following: visual, industrial, graphic and research design. In the same way, he affirmed that it is a structural project that gives rise to a good result, as long as each of the elements that make it up is studied with precision.
Stages of Bruno Munari's methodology
In general terms, the Bruno Munari's methodology for the resolution of problems establishes several phases. In this regard, each of these stages responds to a logical and organized structure of the design process.
Problem Statement
Bruno Munari's design methodology starts from the idea that the problem itself contains the elements necessary for its solution. In such a way that, for their resolution, it is necessary to know each of these components, to the point of using them later in the development of the design process.
In this regard, the possible solutions that we can give to a particular problem are usually of various kinds. Among them we can mention the following: provisional, definitive, commercial, imaginative or approximate.
Decomposition of the problem
In general terms, the decomposition of the design problem gives rise to other subproblems, each of which can be optimally solved. In this way, a bank of possible acceptable solutions to the general design problem is constructed.
Data collection
In this phase, the data related to each of the forms that have been used in solving the subproblems are collected, including materials and techniques. In this way, we may find cases that have been technically solved and others that share solutions, which constitute a reference for the development of the project.
Data analysis
The main purpose of data analysis is to provide guidance on what not to do during the design process. Additionally, it helps us to provide guidance and recommendations in this regard, while we can reduce the occurrence of errors in the design.
Creativity
It refers to the establishment of all the possible operations that arise from the analysis of the data and that help in the resolution of problems. In such a way that these allow us to choose one or more optimal solutions.
Materials and technology
At this stage we must recognize both the materials and the instruments and techniques that we have. In this way, we can establish useful relationships for the development of the design project.
Experiments
At this point we require testing and trials that allow us to redirect our efforts if necessary. Additionally, it serves to strengthen strategies related to technical possibilities.
In the following video you can see The four rules of the Cartesian method, on which the Bruno Munari's methodology.
Models
It refers to the elaboration of a definitive sample, product of the development of the previous phases of the design project. In this regard, this sample must be verified in order to establish its validity.
Verification
At this stage we must verify that the result obtained is as expected. In such a way that we can take the final step in the development of the design process.
Construction drawings
Generally speaking, the construction drawings serve as a guide for the construction of the prototype. At this point we are heading to the communication of our proposed solution.
Solution
It is the final stage of the process, where we see the design project finished. In this regard, obtaining a good result means that we have successfully executed each of the previous phases.
But who was Bruno Munari?
Bruno Munari was an outstanding artist and graphic designer, born in Italy in 1907. In general terms, he is considered one of the greatest exponents of industrial and graphic design of the last century.
In this regard, we can say that throughout his life there were many significant contributions that he gave in the field of painting, industrial and graphic design, cinematography, among others. In addition, he came to venture into other artistic areas, such as writing and poetry.
On the other hand, from the business point of view, Bruno Munari made important contributions to the industrial renaissance of his country after the war. On the other hand, he always proved to be a fervent believer in Futurism, as well as in the convergence between art and technique.
In short, Bruno Munari stood out for his incredible level of creativity, which he embodied in each of his works. In this regard, it is important to mention that his artistic production exceeds 200 personal exhibitions and exceeds 400 collective works.
Finally, nine years after having published one of his most famous books, which he entitled: How objects are born, Bruno Munari passed away in his native country, just a few days away from his 91st birthday. However, his legacy continues, both in the Gallararte Museum of Arts exhibition and in each of the people who know about his extraordinary work.
Additionally, in the following video you can learn a little more about the life of this extraordinary artist and graphic designer of Futurism, art and technique.
Fields of application
Every day there are more areas where the Bruno Munari's methodology for problem solving. Among them we can mention the following: Decoration, clothing, camping, measuring instruments, educational games and games, museums and exhibitions, amusement park, gardens, cinema and television, graphic arts, among others.
Other design methodologies
As we have already mentioned, next to the Bruno Munari's methodology there are others of equal importance, but with completely different approaches. These are:
Christopher Jones Design Methodology
To Christopher Jones we owe the approach of two new concepts within the design, such as: black box and transparent box. Regarding the first way of designing, the author establishes that, frequently, the designer obtains successful results, whose procedure he does not know how to explain.
While the idea of the transparent box contemplates the need to preset, both the objectives and the analysis of the problem and the strategy to be followed. In this way, the design process is broad and varied.
Based on Jones' conjectures, we then have that the design process must be executed in two phases. The first of them refers to the search for the best design and the second, to the strategic control that must be applied to the first phase.
In this way, we can predict the possible results through the construction of a model and then we can choose the best option among all. In this regard, it is important to mention that the probable results are products of the measurement of various alternative strategies.
Morris Asimow's design methodology
As for Morris Asimow's design methodology, it outlines the entire process from an engineering perspective. Thus, he establishes two well-marked phases, which are interrelated.
In this regard, the first of them refers to planning and the morphology of the design and the second, to the development of the production and consumption cycle, which also involves what is related to the distribution of the product. However, in general, Asimow determines that the design process is carried out according to the following scheme: analysis, synthesis, evaluation and decision, optimization, review and implementation.
Bruce Archer's Design Methodology
For his part, Bruce Archer proposes the Systematic Method for Designers, in which he establishes that the design process requires the fulfillment of three well-defined stages. In this regard, these cover the analytical, creative and execution part of the design, which range from the definition of the problem to the development of prototypes and the preparation of documents for production.
Conclusion
La Bruno Munari's methodology for the resolution of problems focused on the design, part of the projection through a method. In the same way, it determines the need to carry out a preliminary study about the background of said project, as well as the elements and materials necessary for its development.