Ci gaban kwamfutoci sun ba da damar haɓaka mafi girma a cikin ayyukan kwamfuta, a cikin wannan labarin za mu yi bayanin menene komputa kwamfuta.
Aiwatar da makanikai masu ƙima
Kwamfuta mai yawa
Ci gaban fasaha yana da ƙima sosai a cikin abubuwan ƙirƙirar komputa, tunda sun zaɓi sabbin ayyuka da iyawa, don ku sami cikakkiyar fa'idar tsarin, inda ake amfani da kowane ɗan rago da alƙalumai wajen canja wurin bayanai.. A halin yanzu, an ƙera komputa mai ƙima, wanda ke da halaye iri ɗaya da na kwamfutoci na asali amma sun bambanta a cikin rikodin bayanan.
An tsara ƙirarsa don saduwa da abubuwan da ke faruwa na makanikai masu ƙima, don haka masana'antu da yawa suna amfani da wannan nau'in komputa na komputa don haɓaka aikinta a cikin haɓaka rikodin. Its musamman magudi a cikin ragowa yana haifar da babban tasiri, ya zarce na asali kwamfutoci a duka iko da iyawa.
Kwamfuta mai ƙima tana da ikon yin amfani da motsin lantarki don samar da ƙima, wanda kuma ake kira "ƙubits." Ana amfani da kirtani na lambobi na binary a cikin aiwatar da tsarin ta kowane nau'in kwamfuta, amma ana iya ɗaukar kwamfutar jimla ta banbanci, tunda suna amfani da abin da ake kira qubits.
Qubits su ne ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa masu kama da photons da kuma electrons, ana amfani da su a cikin makanikai masu ƙima don kafa ingantaccen aiki a cikin kwamfuta mai ƙima. Injiniyoyin da ke kula da samar da waɗannan barbashi dole ne su yi amfani da da'irori daban -daban waɗanda ba za su iya zafi ba amma sanyi.
Wannan aikin samarwa da sarrafawa na ƙubits yana da rikitarwa sosai, saboda dole ne a sanyaya da'irar zuwa kusan cikakkiyar sifili, wannan tsarin yana da wahalar aiwatarwa, manyan kamfanoni kamar Google da IBM gabaɗaya suna amfani da wannan aikin. wannan ƙalubalen don aikin cibiyoyin sadarwa da canja wurin ragowa ta tsarin.
A gefe guda, wasu kamfanoni suna aiwatar da wata hanya ta daban don samar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙubit, wanda ya ƙunshi kama atom ɗin ta hanyar mutum ɗaya waɗanda ke cikin filayen lantarki. Ana aiwatar da wannan aikin ta amfani da kwakwalwan silicon, wannan saboda kaddarorin ilimin kimiyyar sa wanda ke sauƙaƙe aiwatar da tarkon atoms na mutum.
Chips ɗin siliki suna cikin ɗaki mai matsanancin zafi, don ware keɓaɓɓun zuwa jihar da za a iya sarrafawa don gudanar da tsarin da aikace-aikacen kwamfuta. Lokacin aiwatar da duk wannan aikin, injiniyoyi dole ne su tsara hanyar da za a canza bayanan kuma za a nuna madaidaitan rakodin don aiwatar da ɗimbin algorithms.
Idan kuna son sani game da wane processor yana da ƙarin ƙarfi don haɓaka aikin kwamfuta, to ana gayyatar ku don karanta labarin akan Powerfularin sarrafawa masu ƙarfi.
Yana amfani
Kwamfuta mai ɗimbin yawa yana da aikace -aikace iri -iri iri -iri, a tsakanin su yana da aikin kafa na'urar kwaikwayo tare da tsarin halayyar kwayoyin halitta a matakin ƙwayoyin cuta, wannan yana sauƙaƙe karatu da nazarin motsin atom a cikin wani yanayi na musamman; Misali shine abun da ke cikin sinadaran batirin motocin lantarki, tunda waɗannan suna gabatar da wani hali.
Ta wannan hanyar, masana'antun na iya haɓaka haɓaka batirin mota, haɓaka ƙimar su da aikin su. Hakanan, kamfanonin sarrafa magunguna suna amfani da kwamfutoci masu ƙima don yin bincike da kwatancen ƙwayoyin don ƙirƙirar sababbin magunguna, don haka tare da kowane ci gaban fasaha akwai sabbin hanyoyin amfani da tsarin kwaikwayo.
Sauran amfanin da ake bayarwa ga kwamfutoci masu ƙima shine don ba da amsoshi ga matsalolin haɓakawa, ana iya yin hakan cikin sauƙi, tunda waɗannan kwamfutoci suna da tsari mai ƙarfi a cikin aiwatar da lissafi daban -daban a lokaci guda wanda ke nazarin sabbin hanyoyin magance su Za ku iya ba da takamaiman matsala, ta wannan hanyar kuna da damar nuna wace mafita ce mafi dacewa don amfani.
Za a iya lissafa hanyoyin da jiragen za su iya bi a hawan su ko saukarsu don ku sami iko mafi girma a cikin wannan aikin, ƙara aminci a cikin aikin ku. Hakanan zaka iya tantance mafi kyawun hanyoyin da sufuri na jama'a zai iya bi don gujewa rushewar ababen hawa akan tituna, gudanar da aiki cikin inganci da ƙarancin asara.
Idan kuna son sani game da kwamfutar da aka rarrabe ta Duk a cikin wanda ke ba da takamaiman tsari, to ana ba da shawarar gani game da labarin All-in-one kwamfuta.
Haɗawa da haɗa kai
Kwamfutocin jimla suna amfani da ƙubit ɗin don fayyace ƙungiyoyi daban -daban na bayanai don a ba da ikon da ya dace da kayan aikin, tsarin yana kula da sarrafa bayanan da suka danganci abubuwan binary da jimla. Waɗannan matakai ana kiransu ƙulla -ƙulli da toshewar ragowa, wanda ke ba da damar kwamfutocin jimla su yi aiki.
Dangane da ragowa, wannan na iya dacewa da ɗaya da sifili, a gefe guda kuma, ƙubits ɗin da kwamfutocin jimla ke amfani da su, waɗanda ke da jihohi daban -daban guda uku, na farko shine sifili, na biyu shine “ɗaya” da na uku jihar. shine "sifili da ɗaya". Ana iya samar da waɗannan jihohin a lokaci guda, tunda ya dogara da aiwatar da tsarin binary.
Lokacin da aka samar da jihohi lokaci guda, ana kiran wannan tsari da suna Superposition; Wakilin wannan tsarin binary a cikin waɗannan lamuran yana buƙatar gudanar da laser wanda ke buƙatar samun madaidaicin madaidaici, kazalika da amfani da hasken microwave, saboda saukin tattara waɗannan kayan don kunna tsarin.
Kwamfuta mai ɗimbin yawa na iya aiwatar da adadi mai yawa a lokaci guda, yana sauƙaƙe lokacin jira a cikin ayyuka da ayyukan da aka aika zuwa kayan aiki, yana kuma mai da hankali kan ikon samar da ƙubit nau'i -nau'i don fara tsarin ɓarna., Wanda ya ƙunshi na ragowa da aka daure amma a cikin jaha guda, kasancewar aiki ne daban -daban ga superposition wanda yake lokaci ɗaya.
Koyaya, yana iya canzawa zuwa sabon yanayin binary, wato yana tafiya daga sifili zuwa ɗaya, har ma yana iya kaiwa ga yanayin sifili da waɗanda. Ana canza kwubits ɗin da sauri wanda ke ba da damar ci gaba a cikin tsarin tsarin; sarrafawa don canza jihohin su a takaice da kuma a cikin nesa mai nisa.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItZj60njqmA
Duk da duk hanyar aiwatar da ayyukan rabe -rabe har yanzu yana da ɗan rikitarwa, ba a san tabbas kowane ɗayan matakan da ake aiwatarwa ba har sai an sami ƙarshen ƙubits. Kwamfuta mai ɗimbin yawa yana amfani da jujjuyawar juzu'i da jujjuyawar ƙubit don gudanar da aikinsa, wannan yanayin ya bambanta ga kwamfutoci na al'ada.
Lokacin da aka ninka adadin ragowa a cikin kwamfuta mai ƙima, ƙarfin tsarin sa yana ƙaruwa, don haka ƙubits ɗin da ke cikin raƙuman electromagnetic yana ƙaruwa, yana ba da izini mafi girma a aiwatar da bayanai da bayanai daga takamaiman hanyar shiga; Wannan shine dalilin da yasa waɗannan kayan aikin zasu iya samar da jimla da ayyukan yau da kullun.
Ana aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan a cikin sarkar, don aiwatar da matakai a jere kuma idan ya zama dole lokaci guda, muddin mai amfani ya buƙaci takamaiman aiki. Yana amfani da alƙaluman alƙaluma don cika ayyuka daban -daban da aka ƙaddara waɗanda aka hanzarta ta hanyar canja wurin bayanai, yana ƙara ƙarfin su a cikin ci gaba da canje -canjen jihohin ƙubits.
An tsara ƙirar komputa masu ƙima don ta iya jure lasers da raƙuman lantarki a aikace na ƙubits. Kowane kayan aikin sa da aikin su na ƙima shine dalilin cewa waɗannan kayan aikin suna da ƙima a kasuwa fiye da dala miliyan goma sha biyar don samun kwamfutar wannan aji.
Rashin daidaituwa na jimla
Kwamfuta mai ƙima yana da halaye na ƙimantawa, duk da haka kuma an san shi da kasancewa kwamfutar da ke da kurakurai da yawa a cikin aiwatar da lissafi, kuma wannan yana faruwa ne saboda rashin daidaiton jimla da ke faruwa a lokacin haɓaka ayyukan tare da ƙubutu. Wannan lamari ne mai rikitarwa wanda hulɗar bayanai da canje -canjen jihohin da ke faruwa a cikin tsarin binary ɗin ya ƙunshi, yana haifar da waɗannan kurakurai a cikin aiki.
Lokacin sadarwa da mu'amala da ƙubit tare da yanayin sarrafa kwamfuta, al'amuran na iya tasowa inda ƙimar su ta faɗi a matakin da ya kai matakin ɓacewa. An san wannan lalacewar da rashin daidaituwa na ƙima, tunda yana fallasa jahohin jimla na ƙubit masu ƙanƙantar da hankali, waɗanda idan suna nan a canjin yanayin zafin jiki ko haɗarin bayanai ya ƙare.
Waɗannan canje -canje da raɗaɗin da ƙubits ke shaida ana kiransu da hayaniya, wanda ya ƙunshi canje -canje a cikin yanayin raƙuman da ke haifar da raguwa a cikin yanayin su da matakin ƙima, wannan tsarin ana cewa ya faɗi daga yanayin fifikon su kafin ƙarshen aikin da an nema; Lokacin da wannan gazawar ta auku, ana gabatar da kurakurai daban -daban a cikin tsarin aiki na jimlar kwamfuta.
Saboda waɗannan matsalolin, ana ba da shawarar cewa kwamfutoci masu ƙima su ci gaba da kasancewa a wuraren da ba a damuwa, wato, a wuraren da babu ruwansu da canjin yanayi, yanayin zafi, da sauransu. Hakanan ana buƙatar manyan firiji don kiyaye muhalli da yanayin kwamfutar a yanayin zafin da ake sarrafawa, kuma ana iya samun su a cikin dakuna.
