Cakuda mai haɗawa Menene menene kuma menene halayensa?

Mun san hanyoyi guda biyu masu mahimmanci na abubuwan haɗin lantarki don haɗawa a cikin da'irar: an cika wannan ta hanyar jerin ko haɗin haɗin kai; hanya ta uku ta ƙunshi yin amfani da serial da layi ɗaya, wanda ake kira garwaya kewaye ko a hade. Idan kuna son sanin komai game da wannan da'irar, ci gaba da karanta labarin mu.

Menene mahaɗin da aka haɗa?

Lokacin da ake magana a garwaya kewaye, An ce haɗuwa ce ɗaya ko fiye da aka haɗa waɗanda aka haɗa su duka a jere da a layi ɗaya, don haka kaddarorinsa da halayensa sune haɗin nau'ikan haɗin haɗin da ke wanzu.

Ta yaya haɗaɗɗen da'ira yake aiki?

Gabaɗaya, wannan nau'in kewaye yana da wutan lantarki, wanda aka haɗa shi a jere daga juyawa wanda ke sarrafa dukkan tsarin daidai. Bayan wannan mai ba da abinci, yawanci muna da da'irori na sakandare da yawa, waɗanda tsarinsu na iya bambanta dangane da tsarin masu karɓa; jerin da madaidaiciya da'ira ba tare da takamaiman tsari ba.

Za mu iya ɗaukar hoton da ya gabata a matsayin misali, da'irar da ke da wutar lantarki da ke fitowa daga ƙaramin ɓangarenta a matsayin baturi, kuma tana sarrafawa don rarrabu zuwa raƙuman ruwa biyu R4 da R5, sannan kuma ku sake haɗawa, ku raba don samun damar tafiya haɗi biyu R2 da R3, sannan shiga kuma maimaita tafiya ta hanyar R1 kuma a ƙarshe komawa saman batir.

Don haka, akwai hanyoyi fiye da ɗaya don wannan halin yanzu na tafiya (layi daya), duk da haka muna da sama da maki biyu na abubuwan lantarki a cikin da'irar (jerin jerin). Don menene haɗin jerin, duk hanyoyin da ke kusa za a cire su ta atomatik daga naúrar lokacin da aka yanke ɓangaren wannan madauki ko cibiyar sadarwa. Don haka idan an katse resistor R1 a saman, sauran resistor zasu daina aiki.

Idan muna da madaidaiciyar da'irar sakandare, idan ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ya narke, kuma aka samar da wani wuri mai buɗewa, ɗayan reshen zai ci gaba da aiki da kansa. Sabili da haka, idan muka cire masu adawa da ke a layi ɗaya (R2, R3, R4 da R5), duk rassan da ke kusa za su ci gaba da aiki.

Aplicaciones

A cikin babban kayan aikin gida da na’urorin lantarki, ana iya yin su bisa ga madaidaitan da'irori. Wannan yana nufin cewa wayoyin salula, talabijin, kwamfutoci ko duk wani makamancinsa ya haɗe da'irar lantarki a matsayin muhimmin ɓangaren haɗin da yake da shi a ciki.

Hanyoyin da'irori masu hadewa

• Da farko, wannan nau'in kewaya ana siyan shi ta hanyar haɗawa dangane da haɗin jerin da madaidaiciyar da'ira.
• Hakanan, ƙarfin lantarki na iya bambanta dangane da raguwar ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin kowane kumburin da yake gabatarwa.
• Ƙarfin halin yanzu yana iya bambanta dangane da haɗin.
• A ƙarshe, akwai dabaru guda biyu don lissafin jimlar juriya na garwaya kewaye.

Yadda za a warware mahaɗin da ke hade?

Don warwarewa cikin hanya mafi sauƙi a garwaya kewaye, Muna da misali dangane da hoton da ya gabata, inda resistor ɗin da aka sanya su a layi ɗaya, suke da juriya iri ɗaya, don haka makasudin wannan shine don ƙayyade halin yanzu da ƙarfin ƙarfin duk abubuwan da aka samo.

Jimlar lissafin juriya

Kamar yadda muka riga muka sani, abu na farko da zamu yi shine sauƙaƙe kewaya, ana yin hakan ta hanyar maye gurbin biyun masu daidaitawa tare da juriya guda ɗaya wanda shine daidaitaccen juriya. Don haka, 8Ω resistors a cikin jerin zasu yi daidai da resistor guda 4Ω. Ta wannan hanyar, masu adawa da reshe guda biyu, wato R2 da R3, za a iya maye gurbinsu da juriya guda ɗaya daidai da 4Ω, wannan juriya za ta kasance cikin jerin tare da R1 da R4, don haka jimlar juriya za ta kasance:

• RTot = R1 + 4 Ω + R4 = 5 Ω + 4 Ω + 6 Ω RTot = 15 Ω

Lissafi na jimlar yanzu

A gefe guda, zamu iya amfani da lissafin dokar Omh (ΔV = I • R) don samun damar tantance jimlar halin yanzu a cikin da'irar. Lokacin yin wannan, kuna buƙatar amfani da jimlar juriya da jimlar ƙarfin ko abin da zai zama ƙarfin baturi. Abin da za mu kasance kamar:

• I_duka = ΔV_duka /r_duka = (60V) / (15 Ω)

  I_duka = 4 Amfi

A cikin lissafin halin yanzu na amps 4 muna wakiltar halin yanzu a wurin wannan batir. Koyaya, resistor na R1 da R4 suna cikin jerin kuma na yanzu a cikin resistors da aka haɗa cikin jerin yana kama da kowane maki:

• I_duka = Ni₁ = Ni₄ = 4 Amfi

A cikin rassan layi daya, jimlar kowane halin yanzu a cikin rassan mutum zai yi daidai da na yanzu a waje da su. Don haka ni₂ + Ni₃, dole ne ya zama daidai da 4amp.

Akwai adadi mara iyaka na yuwuwar dabi'u wanda I₂ + Ni₃ gamsar da wannan lissafin. Tunda ƙimar resistor iri ɗaya ce, ƙimomin yanzu akan duka resistors ma iri ɗaya ne. Don haka halin yanzu a cikin resistor shine 2 da 3 daidai da amps 2.

• I₂ = Ni₃ = 2 Amfi

Lissafin ƙarfin lantarki tare da dokar Ohm

Yanzu da muka san halin yanzu a kowane maƙalli na masu adawa, za mu iya amfani da lissafin Ohm (ΔV = I • R) ta wannan hanyar za mu iya tantance raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a cikin kowane juriya, kasancewa lissafin da muke gabatarwa a ƙasa:

• ΔV₁ = Ni₁ •R₁ = (Amp na 4) • (5 Ω)

  V₁ = 20 ba

  ΔV₂ = Ni₂ •R₂ = (Amp na 2) • (8 Ω)

  V₂ = 16 ba

  ΔV₃ = Ni₃ •R₃ = (Amp na 2) • (8 Ω)

  V₃ = 16 ba

  ΔV₄ = Ni₄ •R₄ = (Amp na 4) • (6 Ω)

  V₄ = 24 ba

Matakai don Tattaunawar Circuit Mai Haɗawa

1. Gano jerin abubuwa da haɗin kai iri ɗaya: Babban abu shine a san waɗanne ɓangarorin keɓaɓɓun ke haɗawa cikin jerin kuma waɗanne ɓangarori ne aka haɗa a layi ɗaya?
2. Sami Tsayayyar Daidaitawa: Dole ne ku yi amfani da jerin da ƙa'idodin ƙa'idoji daidai gwargwado don rage shi zuwa juriya iri ɗaya.
3. Lissafta Jimlar Yanzu: Anan dole ne kuyi amfani da lissafin dokar Ohm don tantance jimlar halin yanzu a cikin da'irar.
4. Magungunan Resistors a cikin jerin: Bayan samun Jimlar Ƙarfi, nemo resistors waɗanda ke cikin jerin tare da wutar lantarki. A halin yanzu a jerin haɗa resistors ne guda a kowane batu.
5. Rage ƙarfin wutar lantarki a layi ɗaya: A cikin rassan da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya, jimlar halin yanzu a kowane reshe daidai yake da na yanzu a waje da rassan.
6. Voltage of resistors a layi daya: Dangane da da'irar ku, za mu sami raguwar wutan lantarki sakamakon wucewa ta cikin resistors da aka haɗa cikin jerin.
7. Ƙarfin Resistors a Daidaici: A ƙarshe, tunda kun san raguwar wutar lantarki a kan masu adawa da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya, yi amfani da lissafin dokar Ohm don tantance halin yanzu a cikin rassan biyu.

Idan kuna son wannan labarin kuma yana da taimako, kar ku manta ku ziyarci gidan yanar gizon mu don ƙarin koyo labarai masu ban sha'awa game da kayan lantarki, kamar Yin aiki da hasken rana da manyan iri. Hakanan, idan kuna son zurfafa wannan batun, za mu bar muku bidiyo mai zuwa, muna fatan cewa tare da duk bayanan da muka nuna muku a cikin wannan labarin, za ku warware shakku.