A cikin wannan labarin za mu yi magana game da nau'ikan hotunan dijital, don haka ci gaba da karatu don gano komai game da wannan batun mai ban sha'awa.
San kowane nau'in hotunan dijital
Nau'in hotunan dijital
Akwai nau'ikan hotunan dijital iri biyu gaba ɗaya:
- Hotunan vector
- Hotunan Bitmap
Hotunan Vector hotuna ne da aka ƙirƙira ta abubuwan geometric masu zaman kansu (layuka, lanƙwasa, polygons, da sauransu) tare da sifofin lissafi (vectors) waɗanda ke bayyana kaddarorin su (sifa, launi, matsayi,…). Hotunan Bitmap sun ƙunshi ƙananan dige (pixels) waɗanda kowannensu yana da bayanan launi da haske.
Shin kun taɓa yin mamakin waɗanne nau'ikan nau'ikan hotunan hoto na dijital suke wanzu? A cikin wannan koyawa za mu yi magana game da mafi mashahuri tsarin hoto na dijital a yau.
Ana adana bayanan hoto, ko hoto, tambari ko wani abu daban, a cikin tsarin hoto na dijital. Akwai tsari daban -daban da yawa, amma wasu sun fito a matsayin mafi mashahuri.
Wadanne nau'ikan nau'ikan tsarin hoton dijital da ke wanzu?
Kodayake akwai tsarin fayil ɗin hoto da yawa, kaɗan ne kawai suka kafa kansu a matsayin mafi mahimmanci. Kowane yana da nasa fa'ida da rashin nasa, amma masu zuwa sune mafi mashahuri:
JPG
Yana da tsarin matsawa mai hasara wanda aka kirkira daga buƙatar rage girman fayilolin hoto. Ya kasance ɗayan shahararrun tsarukan hoto na shekaru da yawa.
Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin kamar BMP, JPG yana da kyakkyawan aiki kuma yana adana sarari da yawa. Yana da kyau don ɗaukar hoto na yau da kullun, amma ba shine mafi kyawun zaɓi ga ƙwararru ba, kamar yadda asarar inganci ta bayyana, aƙalla a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi.
PNG
Tsarin PNG shine tsarin hoton bitmap mai suna bayan Portable Network Graphics. Wannan tsarin, wanda aka fara gabatarwa a 1995, yana da fa'idodi da yawa akan sauran tsarin.
Wannan tsarin yana goyan bayan nuna gaskiya, wanda shine fa'ida mai mahimmanci, kuma wannan yana nufin cewa hoton da aka adana a cikin wannan tsarin za'a iya amfani dashi daga baya azaman kwali ko akan shafukan yanar gizo. Idan kun yi amfani da kayan aikin da suka dace, zaku iya canza hotunan PNG zuwa JPG ba tare da sadaukar da inganci ba.
BMP
Tsarin BMP ya tsufa sosai; Microsoft ne ya fara kafa shi a 1986 kuma ya kasance tsawon masana'antar don hotunan dijital da zane. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya zama sananne sosai.
Kamar yadda tsarin BMP ba tsari ne na matsawa ba, ɗayan mawuyacin halinsa shine cewa hotuna galibi suna ɗaukar bayanai da yawa. Kodayake ingancinsa yana da kyau; idan kuna son yin canje -canje ga hoton, kuna buƙatar amfani da tsarin daban.
Kodayake batun nauyi yana da mahimmanci, Hakanan kuna iya bincika yiwuwar rage hoto tare da BMP, saboda akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yin hakan.
GIF
Tsarin Canza Graphics, wanda ke fassara zuwa Tsarin Canjin Graphics, shine sunan tsarin fayil na GIF. An ƙirƙiri wannan tsarin a cikin 1987, amma har yanzu yana da mashahuri a yau. Yana da tsari mara asara, duk da haka zaku iya amfani da launuka 256 kawai azaman koma baya.
Ofaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin wannan tsarin, da kuma dalilin amfani da shi sosai, shine ikon samar da zane mai rai. Wannan aikin wataƙila shine abin da ya adana tsarin daga lalacewa, saboda har yanzu ana amfani da shi a yau akan dandamali kamar WhatsApp da Facebook.
SVG
SVG shine tsarin vector wanda ke samun shahara, musamman tsakanin masu haɓaka yanar gizo. Yana da tsari mai daidaituwa wanda kuma ana iya matsa shi. Hotuna a cikin wannan tsari, a zahiri, sun fi sauƙi fiye da waɗanda ke cikin wasu sifofi.
A zahiri, tunda ana iya amfani da wannan tsarin akan shafuka na sirri, yana da kyau a san fa'ida da rashin amfani da SVG akan gidan yanar gizo don tantance ko ya dace da wannan manufar.
Tsarin RAW
RAW baya nufin takamaiman tsari, amma ga duk zane -zanen da ba a matsa su ba. Don sanya shi wata hanya, tsarin RAW yana ɗaukar hotuna tare da ƙaramin aiki, yana sa su zama masu inganci sosai don aiki tare.
Masu daukar hoto da sauran masu kirkirar abun ciki masu hoto suna amfani da nau'in fayil ɗin mafi yawa. Yana ba da damar samun kayan a cikin yanayin da ba a sarrafa shi sosai. Kyakkyawan bayyanar don canza fayilolin hoto. Wannan shi ne yadda labarin ya yi nisa. Idan abin da kuke so, muna ba da shawarar ku ziyarci mai zuwa wanda ke hulɗa misalan software na tsarin.