Nau'in bayanai a cikin MYSQL don amfani a cikin bayanan bayanai

Shin kuna koyo game da masu sarrafa bayanai? A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar sanar da kanku game da shirin nau'in bayanai a cikin MySQL, daya daga cikin mafi kyau kuma mafi amfani a duniya. Kada ku rasa damar!.

Nau'in bayanai-a-Mysql-2

Nau'in bayanai a cikin MySQL

A duk lokacin da muke buƙatar ƙirƙirar tebur wanda za a iya amfani da shi don adana bayanai don aikace -aikacen, dole ne mu san yadda za mu gane wane nau'in bayanai ke taimaka mana mu adana duk abin da muke buƙatar adanawa. Za mu iya zaɓar tsakanin uku: bayanan lamba, kirtani (alphanumeric), da kwanakin da lokuta.

A cikin waɗannan fannoni na teburin MYSQL muna da damar zaɓar tsakanin nau'ikan abun ciki guda uku, kuma kodayake da alama a bayyane yake, ƙayyade inda za a aika bayanan mu, ga wane nau'in rukunin ajiya zai kasance, a nan muna da misali don sanya kanmu cikin mahallin: eh muna buƙatar filin da zamu iya adana shekarun mutum da shi, to zai zama filin bayanan lambobi.

Amma kafin in ci gaba da bayani, kun san menene MySQL? An san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu amfani da tushen tushen tushen bayanai da aka fi amfani da su a duniya. Don mu sami ra'ayin yadda ya shahara, za mu gaya muku cewa: WordPress shine mai sarrafa nau'ikan abun ciki, wanda ya wanzu tun 2003, kuma kusan 55% zuwa 60% na shafukan yanar gizo waɗanda wanzu, ana yin godiya ga wannan, kuma yana amfani da MySQL azaman cibiyar bayanai, don haka wannan yana tabbatar da fa'idarsa da fa'idarsa.

MySQL na kamfanin Oracle Corporation ne, waɗanda ke kula da siyan sa a cikin 2010. Wannan manajan yana da amfani da yawa, kamar: ayyuka, yin shigarwa, gyara shafukan yanar gizo, karanta bayanai, da sauransu.

Ana iya saukar da wannan direban cikin sauƙi kuma yana da juzu'i da yawa dangane da Windows ɗin da kuke amfani da su, haka nan, yana da sauƙin shigar da shi.

Yawancin direbobi na bayanai ana amfani da su ta yaren shirye -shirye. Bari mu ce alal misali, bayanan da muke da su a kwamfutocinmu ana samun su a cikin rumbun adana bayanai, amma idan muna buƙatar dubawa da sarrafa ta, tana amfani da yaren shirye -shirye; Dangane da MySQL, yana tare da php, wanda aka sani da harshen haɓaka yanar gizo, iri ɗaya ne da ake haɓaka WordPress.

Muna tsammanin za mu iya ba da shawara, don saurin, zazzage kayan aikin XAMPP, wanda ke samuwa don nau'ikan Windows daban -daban. XAMPP ya zo tare da jerin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, daga cikinsu muna da:

  • Apache: Wannan zai zama sabar yanar gizo.
  • PHP: Yaren haɓaka yanar gizo.
  • Fillezilla: Shi ke da alhakin tattara fayilolin.
  • Mercury: Ita ce sabar wasiƙa, wacce ke da manufar yin gwaje -gwajen.
  • MySQL: Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, ita ce sabar bayanai.

Bayan shigar da XAMPP, zaku sami damar jin daɗin duk waɗannan abubuwan, gami da MySQL, wanda zaku iya farawa kai tsaye kuma ku haɗa zuwa ƙirar hoto, shine dalilin da yasa XAMPP ke da fa'ida sosai, ban da samun sauran abubuwan.

Kasancewa duk wannan a sarari, muna so mu bayyana cewa a cikin zaɓin mu na nau'ikan tebura don adana bayanan mu, da yin magana game da filin adadi, a cikin wannan kuma muna da wasu nau'ikan, kuma dole ne mu san wanda zai fi kyau, wanda zai ba mu damar cin ƙarancin sararin ajiya na zahiri kuma zai ba mu damar bayanan da muke fatan adanawa a wannan filin. Hanya guda ɗaya don fahimtar waɗannan tambayoyin shine nau'ikan bayanai daban -daban waɗanda MySQL ke ba mu, a ƙasa za mu ba da wannan bayanin don fahimtar amfanin da ya fi dacewa da kowace ƙungiya.

Muna gayyatar ku don ganin babban kwasa -kwasa akan nau'ikan bayanai a cikin MySQL da duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da shi, a cikin bidiyon da ke ƙasa. Kada ku rasa damar koya!:

Bayanai na lambobi

Bambancin da zamu iya samu tsakanin nau'in bayanai da wani a cikin MySQL shine kawai kewayon ƙimar da zai iya ƙunsar. A cikin bayanan adadi muna buƙatar ganin abin da za mu iya rarrabewa tsakanin manyan rassa biyu: lambobi da adadi; Yanzu, muna son bayyana nau'ikan bayanan adadi waɗanda za mu iya samu gwargwadon yanayin da aka gabatar mana da abin da muke buƙata:

Lambobi masu lamba

Abu na farko da muke son bayyanawa a wannan lokacin shine cewa zaɓuɓɓukan da muke da su don adana irin wannan bayanan zasu kasance shekaru, yawa da girma ba tare da ƙima ba. Hakanan muna son gabatar da misali don ƙarin fahimtar irin bayanan da yakamata mu zaɓa ga kowane fanni:

Muna gabatar da TINYINT, nau'in bayanai wanda ke ba mu damar adana matsakaicin ƙimar 127. Don haka idan muna buƙatar ayyana filin don shekarun masu amfani da mu, wannan shine wanda za mu iya amfani da shi, saboda yawan shekarun da ke cikin al'ada yana cikin waccan lambar , kuma sai dai idan muna rayuwa a zamanin Tsohon Alkawali na Littafi Mai -Tsarki, babu wanda ya haura wannan adadi na halitta; Don haka a'a, wannan nau'in bayanan baya ƙyale mu mu adana 567, misali, ba ma 128 ba, idan iyakar ta kai 127.

Yanzu, idan muna son ayyana fili don mai gano babbar kasuwa don siyar da dubunnan abubuwa daban -daban da bambance -bambancen, wannan zai canza sosai, a bayyane TINYINT ba zai ƙara mana hidima ba, ban da wannan yakamata mu san ainihin adadin abubuwan yana sayarwa, amma ba kawai da abin da muke da shi a halin yanzu ba, amma ƙoƙarin yin hasashen makomarmu ta nan gaba, ta wannan hanyar tsarin ajiyarmu ba zai yi saurin tsufa ba.

Za mu iya amfani da wani abu kamar ƙaramin abu wanda zai ba mu damar ƙidaya har zuwa labarai 32,000, amma idan muka canza misali kuma muka ƙaura daga kasuwa zuwa filin ID wanda ya kamata a yi amfani da shi don teburin abokin ciniki na kamfanin tarho tare da masu amfani da miliyan 5, mu ba za su iya samun SMALLINT ba, amma na wasu kamar MEDIUMINT, kuma muna ci gaba, idan kamfaninmu yana da abokan ciniki miliyan 200, yakamata mu yi amfani da filin nau'in INT. Batun yana canzawa game da yanayin son zuciya da son ayyana filin da ke tantance kowane ɗan adam da ke rayuwa a doron ƙasa, to ya kamata mu nemi wani babban filin don neman taimako, tunda nau'in INT kawai yana ba da izinin zuwa Miliyan biyu na bayanai daban -daban, kuma a fili hakan ba zai same mu ba.

Hakanan muna son tabbatar da wanzuwar kyawawan dabi'u, waɗanda zamu iya samu lokacin da muke son adana ƙimar wasan, ko alamar da ke ƙasa da sifili da tebur zai iya yiwa alama, tsakanin sauran abubuwa.

Ƙimar da ba a sa hannu ba

Bari mu duba ta wannan hanyar: samun mummunan shekaru ba zai zama da ma'ana ba kwata -kwata. Idan akwai yuwuwar ninka iyakar iyakar madaidaicin ƙimar kowane bayanan da ke kawar da yuwuwar cewa filin zai iya adana ƙimomin da ba su da kyau, za mu ninka iyakancewar ajiya mai kyau, da filin nau'in TINYINT wanda galibi ya ba da izinin adana ƙimar. Na 127, yanzu zai ba ku damar adana dabi'u daga 0 zuwa 255.

Kuma ta yaya za mu ayyana filin da babu alamar sa? Ta hanyar UNSIGNED modifier za mu iya ayyana filin lambobi. Yin amfani da wannan yakamata mu sami shafi wanda ke karanta Halayen da ƙimar SAUKI kuma wannan filin ba zai iya ƙunsar mummunan ƙimomi ba, don haka ya ninka ƙarfin ajiyarsa.

Yana da mahimmanci a ambaci cewa yana da mahimmanci cewa lokacin da ake bayyana fili a cikin ginshiƙin da za mu samu a matsayin Length za mu rubuta lamba daidai da ƙarfin ajiyar da muka zaɓa. Ci gaba da misalin shekarun, idan muna aiki tare da TINYNIT, dole ne mu sanya uku a matsayin tsayin, ba lamba mafi girma ko ƙarami ba.

Lambobi tare da ƙima

Farashi, albashi, adadin asusun banki, da sauransu, mun ƙaura zuwa ƙimar lambobi tare da ƙima da adadi kuma mun bar masu lamba, kuma duk da cewa ana kiran waɗannan nau'ikan bayanan '' floating point '' saboda waƙafi ya raba ɓangaren lamba da kashi -kashi, a zahiri tsakanin nau'ikan bayanan MySQL, yana adana su raba su da lokaci; daga nan zamu sami nau'ikan bayanai guda uku: FLOAT, DOUBLE da DECIMAL.

FLOAT zai ba mu damar adana aƙalla ƙimar -999.99 kuma mafi yawan 999.99. Yi la'akari da cewa alamar - ba ta ƙidaya, amma batun da ke raba su, wato, ƙima mai ma'ana, a, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa za su zama lambobi shida gaba ɗaya, ko da yake mun lura cewa biyu daga cikinsu ƙima ne; amma muna da wani abu da ake kira madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaici, wanda ke tilasta mana samun adadi tsakanin 0 da 24.

A gefe guda, DOUBLE, kasancewar sau biyu daidai, kawai yana ba da damar ƙayyade adadin wuraren adadi tsakanin 25 zuwa 23. Yin amfani da FLOAT, wanda shine madaidaicin madaidaici, na iya haifar da matsalolin zagaye da asarar sauran wuraren adadi. Wanda ya rage a bayyana shine DECIMAL, wanda shine mafi kyau don adana ƙimar kuɗi inda ake buƙatar ƙarancin tsayi amma mafi girman daidaito, kuma ba tare da zagaye ba, wannan nau'in bayanan yana sanya madaidaicin fa'ida ga lambar da zata adana. Matsakaicin adadi na wannan nau'in bayanai shine 64, wanda 30 shine matsakaicin adadin wuraren adadi da aka yarda, fiye da isa don adana farashi, albashi da agogo.

decimal-point-1

Bayanan alphanumeric

A ƙarshe mun bar rukunin bayanan lamba don shigar da sabon. Anan zamuyi magana game da adana kirtani na hali, don bayyana shi ta hanya mafi kyau, kuma tsakanin nau'ikan bayanai a cikin MySQL muna da masu zuwa: CHAR, VARCHAR, BINARY, VARBINARY, TINYBLOB, TINYTEXT, BLOB, TEXT, MEDIUMBLOB, MEDIUMTEXT, LONGBLOB, LONGTEXT, ENUM da SET, kowannensu yana da nasa halaye da nasa fa'ida dangane da irin bayanan da muke son adanawa.

Bayanan kwanan wata da lokaci

Wannan zai zama rukuninmu na ƙarshe idan yazo ga nau'in bayanai a cikin MYSQL. Za mu ga cewa muna da zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don adana bayanan da aka ambata, kwanakin da lokutan, ganin bambanci tsakanin ɗayan da ɗayan da babban amfaninsu, ta wannan hanyar za mu iya zaɓar nau'in bayanai da suka dace a kowane hali.

DATE

Wannan nau'in bayanai a cikin MySQL yana ba mu damar adana kwanakin inda lambobi huɗu na farko za su kasance na shekara, biyun na gaba zuwa wata kuma biyun na ƙarshe zuwa rana, kodayake a cikin ƙasashen da ke magana da Mutanen Espanya ana amfani da mu don fara fara fara fara kwanakin. da rana, sannan na wata, sannan na shekara, don MYSQL gaba ɗaya akasin haka ne.

Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa lokacin karanta filin DATE, kodayake yana bayyana tare da datse rabe tsakanin shekara da wata da wata daga rana, lokacin shigar da wannan bayanan yana ba mu damar yin komai na ci gaba, misali, muna iya gani kamar wannan: 2018-06-04 kuma saka shi kamar wannan 20180604. Kwanan kwanan watan da DATE ya bamu damar rike shine 1000-01-01 ta hanyar 9999-12-31.

Sai dai idan muna da alaƙa da wani abin da ya faru shekaru dubu biyu da suka gabata kuma muna buƙatar fallasa shi, ba za mu sami matsala da wannan tsarin ba; a gefe guda, da nufin zuwa gaba muna da ƙarin dama, tunda da wannan tsarin mun kusan isa shekara ta 10,000.

LOKACI

Samun filin da aka ayyana a matsayin DATETIME zai ba mu damar adana bayanai ba na kwanan wata ba, amma na ɗan lokaci, na ɗan lokaci, ban da kwanan wata, da jadawalinsa, da farko za mu sami shekarar, sannan watan, sannan ranar , sannan muna kuma da sa'a, mintuna, har ma da daƙiƙa, tsarin yayi kama da wannan:

  • YYYY- MM- DD HH: MM: SS

Bangaren kwanan wata yana da kewayon kwatankwacin irin na DATE (shekaru 10,000), wato daga 1000-01-01 zuwa 9999-12-31. Bangaren jadawalin zai gudana kamar haka: daga 00:00:00 zuwa 23:53:53. Duk abin da aka kammala zai yi kama da haka: 1000-01-01 00:00:00 zuwa 9999-12-31 23:59:59.

TIME

Anan an ba mu izinin adana awanni, mintuna da sakanni, kuma a, nau'in bayanai na baya ma sun yi, amma tare da TIME muna da izinin da ya halatta daga: -839: 59: 59 zuwa 839: 59: 59; wannan zai kasance kusan kwanaki 35 baya da gaba akan kwanan wata. Irin wannan bayanan yana da kyau don ƙididdige lokutan da suka shuɗe tsakanin lokacin kusa biyu.

Lokaci

Anan muna da nau'in bayanai wanda zai yi kama da DATETIME amma tsarin sa da kewayon sa sun bambanta, kodayake har yanzu yana da amfani don adana kwanan wata da lokaci. Tare da filin wannan tsarin za a iya gabatar mana da zaɓuɓɓuka guda uku, na farko shine: YYYY-MM-DD HH: MM: SS, na biyu shine: YYYY-MM-DD, na uku shine mafi sauƙi: YY-MM-DD .

Anan muna da yuwuwar samun yuwuwar tsayin lambobi 14, 8 ko 6, duk ya dogara da bayanin da muka bayar. Wannan tsarin ba na tarihi bane kuma ba na gaba bane kamar sauran, tunda kewayon da wannan filin ke gudanarwa yana tafiya ne daga 1970-01-01 zuwa shekarar 2037.

Bugu da ƙari, a matsayin gaskiya mai ban sha'awa, zamu iya tabbatar da cewa ana sabunta ƙimarta ta atomatik duk lokacin da aka saka ko sabunta rikodin, ta wannan hanyar koyaushe za mu adana a wannan filin kwanan wata da lokacin sabuntawar ƙarshe na wannan bayanan, wanda da gaske manufa ce.

Idan muna son ayyana wannan daga phpMyAdmin, abin da kawai za mu yi shine zaɓi a cikin Halayen zaɓi wanda ya ce "akan sabuntawa" CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, kuma azaman tsoffin ƙimar CURRENT_TIMESTAMP. Filin da za a iya sabunta ƙimarsa ta atomatik lokacin sakawa ko gyara rikodin.

SHEKARA

A yayin da dole ne mu ga buƙatar ayyana fili a matsayin SHEKARA, za mu iya adana shekara guda, duka biyu ta amfani da biyu, da lambobi huɗu. A cikin yanayin da muke yin sa cikin lambobi biyu, daga 70 zuwa 99 (samun daga 70 zuwa 99 za mu fahimci cewa waɗannan sun yi daidai da shekarun shekaru daga 1970 zuwa 1999, kuma idan muna da lambobi daga 00 zuwa 69 to za mu iya fahimci cewa yana nufin shekarun 2000 zuwa 2069), a cikin irin wannan yanayin na samar da lambobi huɗu sannan za mu ga cewa za a tsawaita madaidaicin kewayon, sannan daga 1901 zuwa 2155.

Hakanan muna da ƙarin yuwuwar, kodayake ba ta da alaƙa da nau'ikan bayanai a cikin MySQL, amma suna da alaƙa da kwanakin da lokuta. Wannan ƙarin yuwuwar shine samar da ƙimar timestamp tare da aikin lokacin PHP (kuma muna so mu fayyace cewa ba ma magana game da MYSQL, kodayake yana da inganci don rikicewa saboda samun sunaye iri ɗaya).

Ko ta yaya, zamu iya adana wannan ƙimar a cikin filin INT mai lamba 10, ta wannan hanyar, zai zama mai sauqi don yin oda ƙimar filin mu (zamu iya sanya ranar wani labari a matsayin misali) sannan mu na iya nuna wannan kwanan wata ta hanyar canza lokacin ƙima zuwa wani abu da za mu iya karantawa ta amfani da ayyukan sarrafa kwanan wata na PHP.

kwanan wata-1

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan labarin akan nau'ikan bayanai a cikin MySQL, mun sami damar yin duk abin da muke so don bayyana isa sosai kuma kun koya ƙirƙirar ƙirar bayanai da tebur bisa ga duk bayanan mu, suna bayyana filayen su tare da cikakken daidaituwa ta amfani da su a matsayin nau'ikan bayanai da sifofi, saboda haka, kasancewa cikin iyawa, ko cikin yanayin, don fara shirye -shiryen da kyau, yanzu muna da cikakkiyar fahimta game da ainihin tsarin da za mu buƙaci, wanda ya dace da buƙatunmu gwargwadon abin da muke dole suyi shirin.

Muna gayyatar ku don jin daɗin wani labarinmu da ya shafi shirye -shirye: Polymorphism a cikin shirye-shiryen daidaitaccen abu.


Kasance na farko don yin sharhi

Bar tsokaci

Your email address ba za a buga. Bukata filayen suna alama da *

*

*

  1. Hakkin bayanan: Actualidad Blog
  2. Manufar bayanan: Sarrafa SPAM, sarrafa sharhi.
  3. Halacci: Yarda da yarda
  4. Sadarwar bayanan: Ba za a sanar da wasu bayanan ga wasu kamfanoni ba sai ta hanyar wajibcin doka.
  5. Ajiye bayanai: Bayanin yanar gizo wanda Occentus Networks (EU) suka dauki nauyi
  6. Hakkoki: A kowane lokaci zaka iyakance, dawo da share bayanan ka.