Gulu la zida zamtundu ndi mitundu yake yonse

Kalatayi ndiyotchedwa Gulu la zida, owerenga adziwa kudzera munkhani zake zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimalowererapo kuti magwiridwe antchito amakompyuta athe, komanso mitundu ina yomwe ilipo.

Gulu la zida

Hardware ndi gulu lazipangizo zomwe zimathandizira zida zamakompyuta ndikupanga zochitika zazikulu zogwirizana, zomwe ndizofunikira pazida zonse.

Zigawo zake zikuphatikizapo izi: matabwa akulu, zowonetsera za LCD, osindikiza laser, timitengo tating'onoting'ono ta USB, tchipisi tamagetsi, ndi zingwe zamagetsi, komanso zinthu zambiri.

Ma hardware ndi mapulogalamu apakompyuta iliyonse amakhala ndi zinthu ziwiri zoyambirira, zomwe ndi mapulogalamu ndi zida, zomwe zimapanga gawo logwirira ntchito la injini ndi kompyuta.

Ma hardware ndi gawo lomwe limatha kugwiridwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, pomwe pulogalamuyo imanena za gawo lamkati lomwe limayambira zida, monga kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mapulogalamu, ndiyonso gawo lomwe silikuwonetsedwa.

Kompyuta iliyonse yamakompyuta, imafunikira kukhala ndi magawo omwe amapanga zida zake, kuti zonse pamodzi zikuphatikiza kukonza kwa chidziwitso, ndizofunikira ndipo zimathandizanso kwa akatswiri onse padziko lapansi kuti azithandizana kuti akwaniritse bwino pazochita zawo zogwiritsa ntchito deta.

Mu mtundu wa zida zanu zidagawidwa motere:

Zida zolowetsa

Munkhaniyi, magulu azida zamagetsi, zida zolowetsera ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kulowetsa deta, ntchito yawo ndikusanthula zidziwitso zolandilidwa monga zolemba, zojambula ndi zithunzi, komanso kuthekera kosamutsa mafayilo amtundu wina kupita kumakompyuta ena, munthawi imeneyi kiyibodi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zikafika pazolowera, ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polowetsa zida zamakompyuta, ndipo pakati pawo pali mbewa, kiyibodi ndi owerenga DVD.

Zida zopangira

Izi ndizomwe zimayang'anira deta, kukonza ndiye ntchito yayikulu yazida zamakompyuta, ndiye gawo pomwe kusintha kwa data yaiwisi kumachitika, komwe pambuyo pake kumathandizira pakuwongolera kwina, microprocessor ndiye chida choyambirira mu izi ulemu.

Mu izi muli ma hardware monga microprocessors, Chipset ndioprocessor a masamu.

Zida zotulutsa

Ndiwo magulu azida omwe amafalitsa ndikupereka chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso, zomwe zimatuluka ndi nthawi yomwe zoyambira zimayambira ndikulowetsedwaku ndipo zimatha ndikumaliza kuwonetsa zomwe zili, zomwe zida zosungira zimawonekera.kapena zingwe, osindikiza, okonza ziwembu, zowonetsera m'magazi.

Zida zokumbukira - zosungira

Zimatanthawuza zida zomwe zimasungidwa zomwe zimasungidwa, zosungidwazo zidagawika m'makumbukidwe oyambira ndi achiwiri, imakhalanso yosasunthika kapena yosasinthasintha.

Chikumbutso choyambirira ndichokumbukira mwachisawawa RAM, komabe, itha kukhalanso kukumbukira komwe zinthu zonse zamakompyuta zimagwirira ntchito.

Kukumbukira kwa RAM ndikosakhazikika kotero kumangoyimitsa data ikatsegulidwa, chikumbukiro chachiwiri chimatchedwa choncho, chifukwa zomwe zimasungidwa mu media media sizilumikizana ndi microprocessor.

M'magulu azida, kukumbukira ndi gawo lofunikira, limapangidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika zomwe zimaloleza kupanga deta, ndiyonso injini yazida zoyambira kugwira ntchito, apo ayi kompyuta siyiyamba.

Makompyuta oyambira amapangidwa ndi zinthu zinayi zofunika monga: chowunikira kapena chophimba, CPU, kiyibodi ndi mbewa.

Kuwunika kapena chinsalu ndi chinthu chomwe chilichonse chomwe chachitika chikuwonetsedwa, chimakhala njira zolozera zonse zomwe zalembedwamo.

Ambiri amawona ngati makina owonera pakompyuta, ndipo mukangoyambitsa, mutha kuthokoza mapulogalamu ndi mapulogalamu omwe akuyenda.

Kiyibodi ndiyosavuta kuzindikira chifukwa ili ndi mafungulo ambiri omwe amatilola kuwona zilembo ndi manambala ndi zizindikilo zosiyanasiyana zomwe titha kugwiritsa ntchito mchilankhulochi, ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza deta.

Mbewa kapena mbewa ndichinthu chakuthupi, kuwonjezera pakuloleza ntchito zina zomwe kiyibodiyo singathe kuchita kwathunthu, imaperekanso mwayi wosankha pulogalamu yomwe mukufuna kutsegula, mbewa imodzi kapena zingapo zitha kuwonetsedwa pazenera posuntha cholozera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati muvi.

CPU kapena central processing unit ndiye chinthu chachikulu, momwe kukumbukira kwakukulu kwa kompyuta kumatha kupezekanso, titha kupezanso madoko onse amagetsi ndi madoko otsala omwe zinthu zina zamakompyuta zidzaikidwe.

Zowonjezera

Zipangizo zowonjezerazi ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zinthu zina, komabe, sizifunikira kuti PC iziyendetsedwa bwino, imaphatikizidwanso ndi magawo omwe sali ofunikira kwenikweni, koma amathandizira pakukula bwino kwa ntchito, Popeza chosindikizira ndi chomwe chimalandira zambiri kuchokera pakompyuta kenako ndikusindikizidwa papepala, zokumbukira zakunja ndizothandiziranso pomwe zambiri zimasungidwa mosiyana ndi zida.

Zida zozungulira

M'magulu azida, ma bi-directional ndi omwe amatha kulowetsa zambiri pazida, ndikupatsanso zotulukapo, zomwe ndi makadi ochezera, makhadi omvera.

Zida zosakanikirana

Zipangizo zosakanikirana ndizosungidwa motere mu timitengo ta USB ndi zowotchera ma DVD, ali ndi ntchito yopereka zosungira zambiri, komanso kulowetsa ndi kulandira chidziwitso kuchokera kuzipangizazo.

Zofukizira kapena zida

M'magulu azida, zalengezedwa kuti zotchedwa zotumphukira kapena zida zopangira zili ndi ntchito yofunikira yopereka zidziwitso, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mapulogalamu.

Zida zopangira ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kutulutsa zotsatira za zomwe zatulutsidwa, monganso momwe zimakhalira polemba; kukumbukira kuli ndi ntchito yomwe imapatsa mphamvu yosunga zosakhalitsa kapena zosatha, zotchedwa kusungira, pomwe CPU ili ndi udindo wowerengera ndikupanga njira yolemba.

Kodi zotumphukira zosakanikirana ndi chiyani?

Limatanthauza chipangizocho chomwe chimatha kuchita zinthu zolowetsa ndi kutulutsa, monga hard disk, pomwe mtundu uliwonse wa deta umatha kujambulidwa ndikuwerengedwa.

Njira zofunikira kwambiri zolowetsera deta ndi njira zotulutsira kutengera momwe ntchitoyo imagwirira ntchito, malinga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito wamba, payenera kukhala kiyibodi imodzi ndikuwunika momwe angalowere ndi kutulutsa chidziwitso.

Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti sipangakhale PC yomwe ikugwira ntchito ndikuti kiyibodi kapena chowunikira sichikufunika, chifukwa deta ikhoza kulowetsedwa ndikupeza zotsatira, zomwe zitha kupezedwa ndi gulu lazopeza.kapena zotulutsa.

Makompyuta ndi makina amagetsi, omwe amatha kuzindikira ndikutsatira zomwe adapanga ndikuzisunga m'makumbukiro awo, zimadalira masamu ndi kulingalira ndi kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa ntchito.

Ndi omwe ali ndiudindo wolandila zidziwitso, zakukonza ndikuzisunga, ndipo zotulukapo zake zimapangidwa kuti zithandizire kukonza deta.

Zowonjezera zofunikira

Zinthu izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndizofunikira, chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti makompyuta aziyendetsedwa bwino, kuphatikizapo:

• Kiyibodi.
• Sikana.
• Maikolofoni.
• Webukamu.
• Mbewa kapena mbewa.
• Owerenga ma barcode owerenga.
• Jystick.
• Owerenga DC, DVS kapena BlueRay, pakuwerenga kokha.
• Kupeza deta kapena matabwa otembenuka.

Chipangizo choperekedwa ku processing function (CPU)

Central Processing Unit CPU, ndiye gawo lalikulu lomwe makompyuta amakhala nalo, ntchito yake ndikutanthauzira ndikupereka malangizo osiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zambiri.

Mu zida zosinthidwa, ntchito yayikulu ya CPU imachitika ndi ma microprocessors, pokhala dongosolo lopangidwa ndi dera limodzi lophatikizidwa.

Ma seva odziwika bwino kapena makina ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri amatha kukhala ndi ma microprocessor ambiri omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi kapena chimodzimodzi, zonsezi zimapanga CPU ya kompyuta.

Zipangizo zodziwika bwino za CPU, zomwe zili ngati microprocessor imodzi, zimayikidwa pamakompyuta amunthu, komanso m'makompyuta osiyanasiyana omwe akuwonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi, monga zida zamafakitale osiyanasiyana, ndi zina zambiri zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi bambo lero.

Kodi microprocessor imayikidwa kuti?

M'makompyuta, microprocessor imayikidwa pa bolodi lodziwika bwino, lomwe limatchedwa CPU socket, limavomereza kulumikizana kwamagetsi pakati pama circuits omwe ali pa board ndi purosesa.

Komanso pa mbale yoyambira, chida chotentha chopangidwa ndi zinthu zotentha kwambiri chimayikidwa, chomwe chimakhala chopangidwa ndi aluminium, ndipo nthawi zina mkuwa.

Ndikofunikira kuyiyika mu microprocessors yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimapangidwa ngati kutentha, nthawi zina zimatha kudya pakati pa 40 mpaka 130 watts ngati nyali yoyaka.

Pazida zogwira ntchito kwambiri, mafani owonjezera atha kuyikapo kuti athandizire kufalikira kwa mpweya ndikuthandizira kuchotsa kutentha komwe kumapezeka mu microprocessor, ndi njira yothandizira kuthetsa zoopsa zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kutentha.

Kodi mavabodi kapena mavabodi?

Bokosilo, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti bokosilo, limakhala ndi mawonekedwe osindikiza akulu omwe amamangiriridwa ku chipset, omwe ndi malo owonjezera, mabowo, ma circuits ophatikizika osiyanasiyana, zolumikizira, pakati pa ena ambiri.

Bokosi la amayi kapena bolodi la mama ndi lomwe limathandizira pomwe zida zonse zomwe zimapangira kompyuta zimayikidwa, monga zinthu zofunika monga kukumbukira kwa RAM, microprocessor, makhadi owonjezera ndi zida zina zambiri zopangira ndi kutulutsa.

Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikulumikizana ndi zigawozo, chifukwa chake bolodi la amayi lili ndi mabasi angapo omwe amafalitsa chidziwitso kuchokera mkati mpaka kunja kwa dongosolo kudzera mwa iwo.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa bolodi la amayi ndi gawo lomwe limadziwika kwambiri pakompyuta, yomwe imalisintha kukhala chida chomwe chimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu lazinthu zoyambira monga: ma audio, kanema, netiweki, madoko amitundu yosiyanasiyana, omwe m'mbuyomu Yendetsani ndi makhadi owonjezera.

Komabe, izi sizimalepheretsa kukhazikitsa makhadi ena monga apadera kuti ajambule makanema, makhadi opezera deta ndi ena.

Kodi OEM Hardware - Box - Retail - Yokonzedwanso

M'ndime iyi tikambirana zomwe aliyense amatanthauza:

Zida za OEM

Wopanga zida za Hardware Original, OEM, amatanthauza zida kuchokera kwa omwe adapanga koyambirira, amapangidwa ndi zida ndipo kuti panthawi yogulitsa, zinthu monga disk yoyikitsira kapena zolemba sizimaperekedwa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.

Bokosi la Zida

Zimatanthawuza zida zomwe zimaphatikizidwa kwathunthu, ndikubweretsa disk kuti ziyikidwe, maupangiri, ziphaso ndi mwayi wothandizidwa ndiukadaulo, ndi chitsimikizo.

Zolemba Zamalonda

Izi zikutanthauza kuti zida zogulitsira, zimatanthauza kugulitsa zida m'sitolo, pomwe aliyense wogwiritsa akhoza kugula.

Zida Zokonzanso

Zida zokonzedwanso zimamasuliridwa kuti zikhale zatsopano, mtundu uwu ndi womwe umagulitsidwa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito wotsiriza, komabe, pakulakwitsa kulikonse pakugwira kwake umabwezedwa, umatumizidwa kwa wopanga koyambirira kuti ukonzedwe kapena kusinthidwa, munjira iyi Amayika dzina lomwe limasonyeza kuti lakonzanso, mtengo wake ndi chitsimikizo ndizochepa.

Mitundu ya Hardware

Mumagulu azida, tikuwonetsani mitundu ya zida zomwe zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu yonse yoyambira viz.

Zida zofunikira, amatanthauza zida zonse zofunika pakompyuta, pansipa timayamba ndi:

Kukumbukira kwa RAM

Ndikukumbukira komwe kumagwira ntchito posunga zidziwitso zosakhalitsa, ngati kulibe, palibe komwe mungasungire zomwezo mukamagwira ntchito ndi kompyuta.

Kukumbukira kwa RAM, Random Access Memory, ndikumakumbukira kosasintha, mtundu uwu wokumbukira umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakompyuta kuti usunge zidziwitso kwakanthawi, kapena kulephera kuti ntchito zikagwiridwa mokulirapo, deta ndi mapulogalamu amatha kusungidwa kwakanthawi kokhazikika.

Kukumbukira kwa RAM kumatha kugwira ntchito pakompyuta monga chikumbukiro chachikulu, magwiridwe ake ndiosiyana kwambiri ndi zikumbukiro zina zomwe zimakhala zothandiza, monga ma hard drive odziwika mwazinthu zina zambiri zomwe zilipo pamsika.

Microprocessor

Ili ndiudindo woyang'anira mapulogalamu ndi zida za kompyuta, komanso kukonza zonse, ngati ilibe chipangizochi, makinawo sangakhale osagwiritsidwa ntchito.

ROM kukumbukira

Ili ndi udindo wosunga zonse zoyambira zomwe kompyuta ili nayo, popanda kukhalapo sizingatheke kudziwa zoyambira zomwe zimaphatikizidwa zida zikayamba.

Khadi lalikulu

Ndilo gawo lomwe limapereka kulumikizana kwa seti ya zida zamkati zofunika kuti kompyuta igwire bwino ntchito.

Chida chotsitsira deta

Ndilo gawo lomwe limafotokozera wosuta kuti zida zake zikuyendetsa ntchito, zimawonetsedwa kudzera pazenera kapena kuwunika, chosindikiza, pakati pa ena.

Chida cholowetsera deta

Zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa ziyenera kulowetsedwa mu kompyuta kudzera njira zina ndikuwongolera monga kiyibodi, mbewa, sikani, ndi ena.

Nduna

Khonsoloyo ndi gawo lakunja lomwe limaphimba zida zake zamkati, komabe, kompyuta imatha kugwira ntchito popanda zosokoneza popanda mawonekedwe ake, ngakhale zili zosavomerezeka, chifukwa zinthu zamkati ziyenera kutetezedwa ndikukhazikika m'bokosi lopangidwa mwanjira imeneyi.

Zida zowonjezera

Limatanthauza ziwalo zonse zomwe sizingasankhidwe pakugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta bwino, komabe ndizothandiza.

nyanga

Izi ndizinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito yolandila zomvera kuchokera pazida ndikuzisintha kukhala zomveka; zida zamakompyuta zimatha kuchita zinthu popanda kufunika kwa oyankhula.

 

Mbewa kapena mbewa

Ili ndi udindo wosuntha pointer kuchokera mbali ina kupita kwina pazenera, pali njira zosunthira ndi kiyibodi.

Tikukupemphani kuti mudziwe m'nkhani yomwe ili pansipa Malamulo a makina.

Hard disk

Amakhulupirira kuti ndikofunikira kuti kompyuta izitha kugwira ntchito, komabe, makina ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kugwiritsa ntchito DVD kapena USB memory.

Optical disc reader unit

Ntchito yake ndikulowetsa zambiri pazida, komabe sikofunikira, chifukwa zitha kuchitidwa ndi njira zina monga ma hard drive, zakunja kapena china chilichonse chakunja chopangira ntchitoyi, kuchokera pa netiweki kapena kudzera pachingwe kapena makina opanda zingwe.

Webukamu

Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana pakadali pano ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino zida sizidalira kuti ziyikidwemo.

Khadi lothandizira ma AGP

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza ndikuwongolera zojambula zamakanema, koma, zida zimatha kugwira bwino ntchito ndikukhazikitsa khadi yokhazikika yapa kanema.