Electric Capacitor: Chii ichocho, Mabasa, Kukosha uye Zvimwe

Nyika yemagetsi yave iri dombo rekutsika iro tekinoroji yaida kufambiswa. Uye ichi chitubu chinogadzirwa nezvidiki zvidimbu senge condenser. Mune ino positi yekuda kuziva iwe unodzidza zvakadzama Chii chinonzi magetsi capacitor?, Iwo akasiyana mabasa ayo anoiswa pamwe nayo uye kukosha kwayo kukuru munzvimbo dzakasiyana.

Capacitor 1

Condenser

Kutanga kudzidza kweiyo capacitor, isu tichatanga kutsanangura chii chinonzi capacitor. Icho chikamu chemagetsi, kureva kuti, hachigadziri magetsi pachawo, chinokwanisa kuchengetedza mari yemagetsi, uye nekuiburitsa gare gare. Unogona kumuwana se capacitor kana capacitor. Iko kubhadharisa kwainochengeta mukati ndiko kugona kana kusiyanisa kwemagetsi.

Nyaya yekuverenga kwevanopa inomuka muna 1745 apo wechiGerman Ewald Georg von Kleist paakaona kuti zvaigona kuita kuchengetedza magetsi. Izvi zvakamuka kubva mutsaona paakabatanidza jenareta yemagetsi kune huwandu hwemvura yaive mukati mejagi regirazi kana bhodhoro uchishandisa tambo. Paakabvisa tambo ndokuisa ruoko rwake pairi.

Hapana kana gore rakapera pakagadzirwa mufizisiti wechiDutch, Pieter van Musschenbroek capacitor aine hunhu hwakafanana. Mukurangarira yunivhesiti kwaakashanda akadaidza condenser iyi "Leyden bhodhoro."

Capacitor 2

Ko capacitor inoshanda sei?

Iye zvino rega uone mashandiro anoita capacitor y chii chinonzi capacitor. Iyo nzira iyo yainokwanisa nayo kuchengetedza yechaji yemagetsi ndeyokushandisa maviri machira akagadzirwa en conductive zvinhu, senge tantalum, ayo akapatsanurwa neimwe dielectric zvinhu, semuenzaniso mweya.

Usati waenderera mberi, zvakakosha kuti usavhiringidza dielectric nechinhu chakazara chinodzivirira. Ndokunge, ese dielectric ma insulators, asi izvi hazviite kuti vese vanoputira dielectric. Dielectric zvishandiso zvine kugona kuve inoitisa kana yaiswa pasi pechaji hombe yemagetsi uye nekutyora iro dielectric simba. Zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi zvinogona kuva: zvedongo, bepa, wakisi, girazi, mafuta, pakati pevamwe. Zvidziviriro zvakakwana ndezve izvo, zvisinei nekuti imarii yemagetsi inoiswa, izvi hazvizove conductor, muenzaniso irabha.

Zvino, mahwendefa ari mukati meiyo capacitor, ari kupihwa simba sosi, anozobhadharwa nemagetsi muzvikamu zvakaenzana asi nezviratidzo zvakasiyana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuchaja kumwe kuchave kwakanaka (+ q), uye kumwe kubhadharisa kuchave nehukuru hwakaenzana asi nemutengo wakashata (-q), pane izvi zvakaenzana mhosva asi zviratidzo zvakasiyana ndizvo zvinonzi mutsauko mune zvingangoitika kana magetsi.

Muzhinji, mumagetsi emagetsi, bepa, tantalum, aluminium uye ceramics zvinoshandiswa se dielectric zvinhu, zvakare, mune mamwe ma capacitors mamwe mapurasitiki anoshandiswa.

Iko kuchengetera kugona kune iyo capacitor kana capacitor inoverengerwa muyuniti yeFarads. Mureza unowanikwa akawanda emagetsi ma capacitors anobva pico (pF) kuenda kune micro (uF) Farads. Iyo equation yekuverenga kugona kweiyo capacitor ndeiyi:

C = q/V

Donde:

q = ndiwo mutero unochengeterwa ndiro yega yega. Chikamu chayo ndiCoulomb (C)

V = ndiyo magetsi, magetsi kana musiyano uripo pakati pemashizha maviri kana makondakita eiyo capacitor. Chikamu chayo ndiVolts (V)

Kuisa iyi fomula, kana isu tikatora zviyero zvemutoro 1 uye zvemagetsi 1, zvaizotipa 1 Farad. Nekudaro, uyu unongova muenzaniso, seye capacitor yeichi chinzvimbo isipo nekuti ingave yakakura kusimba. Kuti uwane pfungwa, yaizovhara nzvimbo ye1000 m2.

Zvino, kana isu tichida kuziva iyo voltage iyo capacitor inogona kuchengeta ichiziva iyochaji uye maFadad eiyo capacitor, saka tinogona kugadzirisa iyo Voltage kubva kune yapfuura equation iri:

V = q / C.

Capacitor 3

Kubhadharisa uye Kuburitsa Capacitor

Imwe yemaitiro eiyo capacitor ndeyekuti kubuda kwayo kuri kufambira mberi uye kwete nekukurumidza. Iyo capacitor ine nguva yekubuda. Iyi ficha inobvumira iyo capacitor kuve nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa senge maitera uye mafirita mune wedunhu magetsi.

Kana iyo capacitor yazara zvakazara, ndipo painobvumira kuti voltage ipfuure. Kana magetsi abviswa, iyo capacitor inotanga kuburitsa zvishoma nezvishoma mhepo yakanangana nemutoro kana chinhu chinoshandisa voltage.

Kazhinji, iyo capacitor inogara ichitungamirwa neanopikisa yezvikonzero zvekudzivirira capacitor. Kunyangwe kana capacitor iine kushomeka kwemukati mudiki, haina basa, uye kana hanya ikasatorwa kuchengetedza iyo capacitor, inogona kukuvara uye kuputika.

Mutariri weCapacitor

Kuti tingo tsanangura maitiro eiyo capacitor kana uchiraja, isu tinoshandisa muenzaniso wakanyanya kushandiswa kuenzanisira:

Ngatimbofunga nezvedunhu panowanikwa magetsi senge bhatiri, resistor inonzi R1 inova nebasa rekudzora kuyerera kwazvino kunosvika kune iyo capacitor kuitira kuichengetedza. Zvakare, switch inobvumidza iyo capacitor kubhadharisa kana kuburitsa, uye pakupedzisira, resistor inonzi R2 iyo inomiririra chishandiso chinoshandisa izvozvi.

Capacitor 4

Pakutanga, tinoona marongero akarongedzwa kuitira kuti iyo capacitor iratidzike pamwe nemagetsi uye nekurwisa, nenzira, isu tinofanirwa kusimbisa kuti kuramba uku kunonzi kusagadzikana kwemutoro.

Panguva ino iyo capacitor iri kubhadhariswa munzira yakadzorwa nekuda kweyechaji inopikisa. Iko kusanganiswa kwe resistor uye capacitor inokutendera iwe kumisikidza iyo timers yatakataura kare. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti kuramba kunodzivirira kufamba kwazvino zvakasununguka, saka iyo yazvino inotora nguva yakareba kuti ifambe nemudunhu, kuitira kuti ipfuure neiyo capacitor, zvinotora nguva kubhadharisa.

Iyo nguva inotora kuti iyo capacitor kubhadharisa inogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa inotevera equation:

t1 = 5 x R1 x C

Kupi:

t1: inguva yekuchaja. Chidimbu chayo mamilliseconds (ini)

R1: ndiko kushomeka kwemutoro. Chikamu chayo ma ohms (Ω).

C: ndiyo capacitance yeiyo capacitor. Chikwata chayo chinonzi Farads (F)

Iyi equation inotibvumidza kusimbisa kuti iyo yakakwira iyo inodzivirira kuramba uye / kana yakakura iyo capacitance yeiyo capacitor, iyo yakareba iyo nguva yekuchaja. Izvo zvinogona kusimbiswa mune inotevera girafu.

Capacitor 5

Unogona kushamisika kuti chii chingaitika kana tikasaisa chinodzivirira mutoro. Pfungwa chete iyo capacitor yaizochaja nekukasira. Asi, sezvatakambotaura, izvi hazvikurudzirwi sezvo ma capacitors achigona chete kugamuchira diki diki. Kana tikarangarira Mutemo waOmm tinogona kuona izvozvo:

Ini = V / R

Donde:

Ini: ndezvezvino. Chikwata chayo chinonzi Amperes (A)

V: ndiyo voltage. Chikamu chayo ndiVolts (V)

A: iko kuramba. Chikwata chayo ndicho Ohm (Ω)

Kana kuramba kwacho kuchikwira kana kuti kwakaenzana ne0, izvi zvinogona kureva kuti irworwo rwunogona kunge rwusingaperi, kana kuti rwakakura kwazvo. Iyo capacitor inogona chete kutsigira kudyisa kubva pazasi yazvino. Muchidimbu, kana pasina mhando yemutoro inodzivirirwa yakaiswa, iyo capacitor inogona kusakwanisa kumira iyezvino uye ichapisa.

Zvino ngatimbofungidzira iyo capacitor yatobhadharisa, saka chii chinoitika? Ngatidzokerei kuMutemo waOmm, sezvo magetsi achikwira, uye sezvo kukosha kwekushomeka kuchichengetedzwa, kukosha kwazvino kunoda kuita zero.

Sezvo isu tatoziva, basa reiyo capacitor kuchengetedza magetsi kana magetsi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti seyeye capacitor mhosva, pane yakakwira voltage panguva iyoyo. Sezvo kuramba kwacho kusingachinje kukosha kwayo, iyo yazvino inowanzoita zero. Muchidimbu, kana capacitor yachajiwa, inoita sedunhu rakavhurika kana seti switch inodzivirira kufamba kwazvino, kunyangwe paine magetsi kana magetsi panguva iyoyo.

Condenser kubuda

Zvino ngatiratidzei inverse kesi. Iyo nguva iyo chinjana chinoshanduka chinzvimbo, uye iyo capacitor inoiswa mune dzakateedzana ne resistor R2, iyo capacitor ichatanga kubuda. Nei, nekuti kurwisa R2 kunomiririra kudyiwa kwedunhu, uye kuramba uku kuchada kupihwa kana dunhu rarakavharwa. Kugovera uku kunozopihwa neiyo capacitor, inoburitsa musiyano ungangove waakachengeta.

Capacitor 6

Sezvo nekuchaja, kurodha pasi hakusi kwekukurumidza, asi zvishoma nezvishoma. Uye sekuchaja, iyo equation yekufungidzira kuburitsa nguva yakafanana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo nguva yainotora kuburitsa iyo capacitor zvinoenderana nekupokana kweR2 uye iyo capacitance yeiyo capacitor. Saizvozvo, pano tinozorodza iyo equation zvakare:

t1 = 5 x R1 x C

Kupi:

t2: inguva yekuchaja. Chidimbu chayo milliseconds (ms)

R2: ndiko kushomeka kwemutoro. Chikamu chayo ma ohms (Ω).

C: ndiko kugona kweiyo condenser. Chikwata chayo chinonzi Farads (F)

Iyi mhando yedunhu inogona kudzora, semuenzaniso, iyo nguva iyo mudziyo uripo.

Iyo Condenser seFirita

Imwe yemashandisirwo ayo ma capacitors anowanzo shandiswa seye firita. Izvi zvinogoneka nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwekuchaja uye kuburitsa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye chiitiko ichi chinoshandiswa kuchenesa tsvina kubva kumasaini kana masaisai emagetsi.

Kana isu tikatora iyo yekutanga dunhu semuenzaniso, asi mune ino kesi neinoshandura yazvino magetsi magetsi. Iyo capacitor ichatanga kuchaja kudzamara yasvika pakukwirira kwayo kwakawanda, ipapo kuyerera kwazvino kuchamira uye mutoro unozotanga kupihwa nemhepo iriko mune iyo capacitor. Kana iyo capacitor ikangotanga kuburitsa, magetsi anoenderera mberi nekugadzirisa iyo capacitor pasina kumirira kuti iite zvizere.

Izvi zvinogona kuve nyore kuona kuti unzwisise:

Capacitor 7

Sezvinoonekwa, mafungu emagetsi anochinja-chinja sinusoidal uye nekutenda kune iyo chivakwa cheiyo capacitor zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa wave mune yakananga kupihwa. Izvi zvinobatsira kwazvo kune magetsi anoshandiswa ne, semuenzaniso, makomputa. Midziyo mizhinji haigone kushanda nekuchinjanisa zvazvino asi neazvino zvazvino uye ndipo panopinda magetsi seanopindirana. Ehezve, aya magetsi anopa akawanda zvimwe zvikamu zvekuzadzisa ichi chinangwa.

 Mhando dzeCapacitors

MaCapacitors kana ma capacitors anogona kuve akasiyana akasiyana. Tevere, isu tichatanga nekumisikidza ma capacitors zvinoenderana nemhando yavo ye dielectric:

Nekuda kweayo dielectric

MaCapacitors anosarudzwa zvinoenderana ne dielectric yavanayo. Kune izvo zvinonzi electrolytic capacitors, ndeavo vane polarity, ndiko kuti, vane yakanaka terminal kana "gumbo" uye isina kunaka terminal. Kana iwo akabatana neiyo polarity inodzoserwa, iyo capacitor inokuvara.

Aya ma electrolytic capacitors, zvakasiyana nemamwe maaccitors ndeyekuti vanoshandisa inoitisa ionic mvura. Mvura iyi inogadziriswa nemakemikari, ayo anowanzo kuvezwa boric acid kana sodium borate ine ethylene glycol shuga. Mvura iyi inopinda seinotsiva imwe yemapureti kana machira e condenser.

Kusiyana ne electrolytic capacitors, ma capacitors ane mweya, ceramics, bepa, kana vamwe se dielectric yavo, havana set polarity. Uye zvakare, ivo vane mahwendefa maviri mukati uye hapana emukati emvura.

Ose maviri marudzi emagetsi ane mashandisirwo awo, saka zvave zvisingaite kutsiva iwo ma capacitor mumwe nemumwe kunyangwe aine akasiyana dielectric.

Muchidimbu, kune macondenser:

  • Electrolytic
  • Ceramics
  • Zvebepa
  • Yemhepo
  • Shanduka capacitor

Yakagadziriswa kana inoshanduka

Kufanana neanopikisa, pane ma capacitors ane yakamisikidzwa chinzvimbo uye zvakare ma capacitors ane kugona kwavo kunogona kuve kwakasiyana. Izvi zvinoitwa nekugadzirisa mukaha pakati pemahwendefa avo uchishandisa chiuno, senge potentiometer kana musiyano unopesana.

Zvinoenderana nechimiro chayo

Ma condensers anogona kusiyanisa dhizaini yavo, iripo disk, pearl uye tubular condensers, sezvakaratidzwa pazasi zvichiteerana.

Capacitors Code

Kune mamwe ma capacitors anoratidza kwavo kugona kukosha kuburikidza netafura yevaravara, yakafanana chaizvo neiyo inoshandiswa nemaresitor.

Kodhi yemavara

Ruvara rwekutanga runoratidza kukosha kweyekutanga, yechipiri iyo yemufananidzo wechipiri, chechitatu ndicho chinokwira kusvika pagumi, kureva kuti, gumi richasimudzwa kuenda kunhamba inomirirwa nerudzi rwechitatu. Ruvara rwechina runoratidza chikamu chekusiyana, ndiko kuti, zvinogona, semuenzaniso, 10% zvimwe kana 10% kune iyo kukosha inoratidza kugona. Pekupedzisira, iyo yechishanu ruvara inoratidza iyo yekuchaja voltage kana voltage. Ese ma capacitors ane picofarads pachikamu.

Iko kukosha kwemavara kunouya mune tafura yekutengesa iri inotevera:

Kodhi yeJapan

Kune imwe mhando yekodhi yekuziva iyo capacitance yeiyo capacitor imhando yekodhi inonzi kodhi yeJapan kana kodhi 101. Iyi kodhi ine nhamba nhatu dzinoonekwa pane iyo capacitor.

Iwo maviri ekutanga manhamba anoita nhamba iyo inofanirwa kuwedzerwa ne gumi yakakwidziridzwa kune yechitatu nhamba, ichichengeta iyo picofarad seyuniti. Semuyenzaniso:

Iyi capacitor ine kodhi manhamba 104. Saka nzira yekuverenga kugona kweiyi capacitor ndeiyi:

10 X XUMUMX4 = 100000 pF = 0,1 uF

Alphanumeric kodhi

Kune imwezve kodhi yekuona izvo zvinhu uye kugona kweiyo capacitor, iyo inoshandisa musanganiswa wetsamba nenhamba. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuburitsa iyi kodhi inosanganisa manhamba uye mavara, uye akasiyana zvekuti haikodzeri kudzidza iwo, saka zvinokurudzirwa pachinzvimbo kuti ubvunze Datasheet remugadziri.

MaCapacitors akateedzana uye akafanana

Kufanana neanopikisa, chinzvimbo chevacapacitors mune akateedzana kana mune yakafanana inogadzira maitiro mune yakazara capacitance. Ngatitangei kutarisa izvo zvinoitika kana ma capacitors ari munhevedzano.

Vabati muChikamu

Kana ma capacitors ari akateedzana, kugona kweumwe neumwe capacitor kunoita zvinotevera:

Iko equation inomuka:

Vt = V1 + V2

Donde:

Vt: yakazara voltage

V1: voltage yekutanga capacitor

V2: voltage yechipiri capacitor

Ngatidzokerei kuiyo equation kuti titore iyo capacitor chinzvimbo:

C = q/V

Donde:

q = ndiwo mutero unochengeterwa ndiro yega yega. Chikamu chayo ndiCoulomb (C)

V = ndiyo magetsi, magetsi kana musiyano uripo pakati pemashizha maviri kana makondakita eiyo capacitor. Chikamu chayo ndiVolts (V)

Uye kuti zvaigoneka kujekesa V nenzira inotevera:

V = q / C.

Zvino, kana tikatsiva imwe neimwe yeVV imwe capacitor mudunhu neyekutanga kutaura, tinowana izvo;

1 / C = 1 / C1 + 1 / C2 + 1 / C3… 1 / Cn

Parallel Capacitors

Mune ino kesi, sezvo ma capacitors ari akafanana, iyo voltage iyo yega capacitor inogamuchira yakaenzana neiyo yemagetsi magetsi, saka inofanirwa ku:

Vt = V1 = V2 = V3… Vn

Kupi

Vt: ndiyo yakazara kana sosi yemagetsi

V1: Voltage yekutanga capacitor

V2. Chechipiri capacitor voltage

V3: Voltage yechitatu capacitor

Zvekare, kana tikadzokera kune chirevo icho chinotibvumidza isu kufungidzira kukosha kwemagetsi zvinoenderana nemutoro uye kukosha kwesimba:

V = q / C.

Uye isu tinoramba tichitsiva yega yega yeV yega capacitor yedunhu neshoko rapfuura, tinowana izvo:

C = C1 + C2 + C3… + Cn

Condenser inoshandisa

Iyo capacitor ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvemagetsi. Zvinotombogoneka kutaura chishandiso nhasi chisingade macapacitors mukugadzirwa kwayo. Tevere isu tichataura zvimwe zvekujairika kunyorera uko iyo capacitor inowanikwa.

  • Mabhatiri uye ndangariro: Kutenda kune yayo yekuchengetera kugona, zvinokwanisika kuisa akati wandei ma capacitors mune yakafanana kuwedzera iyo yekuchaja kugona.
  • Mafirita: Ivo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumagetsi emagetsi sezvo vachigona kubvisa ruzha uye ruzha kubva kunetiweki, kana mune yakasarudzika kesi, kuitira kuti maamoni anogadzirwa nemagetsi emagetsi emukati asvinwe vasati vadzokera kunetiweki. Mukutaurirana, kugona kwayo kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya kumisikidza mabhendi e frequency uye zvakare kudzikisa kana kubvisa kukanganiswa.
  • Simba masosi: Yayo zvishoma nezvishoma kubhadharisa uye kuburitsa hunhu inobvumira kugadziriswa kwemafungu, izvo zvakakosha mumagetsi ekushandura mafambiro ekuchinjanisa kuita mafambiro akananga, sezvo mazhinji emagetsi zvigadzirwa achishanda mukati neakananga ikozvino, asi sevhisi yemagetsi inoshanda pamwe nekuchinjisa zvazvino. Ndosaka zviwanikwa zvemagetsi zvichidikanwa kuti mashandisirwo emidziyo, uye pakati pezvinhu zvinogadzira iyo, iyo capacitor inoita basa risingadzoreke.
  • Impedance adapters: MaCapacitors anogona kuburitsa uye kubhadharisa simba munguva dzinenge dzisina basa, uye izvi zvinobvumidza kusabvumirana kuti iwirirane pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu, kuitira kuti maseketi maviri ane akasiyana mahedheni anogona kubatanidzwa kana kushanda pamwechete.

Nekudaro, izvi zvimwe zvezvishoma zvekushandisa kwayo zvishoma kwatinogona kutaura. MaCapacitors ane mafomu mumagetsi, makuru emagetsi manetwork, kutaurirana uye nevamwe. Kubva kumakomputa edu, nharembozha, mafiriji, mawadhi edhijitari, materevhizheni uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakawanda, zvine macapcitors mukati sechikamu chakakosha seti iyo inogadzira uye inopa hupenyu kuzvishandiso kana zvishandiso.

CONCLUSIONS

Izvo zvinoshandiswa nemagetsi zvemazuva ano zvakakosha muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva zvekuti hazvigoneke kurarama munyika yatisisina. Uye ino nyika yakakura yehunyanzvi hwemberi inotanga mune hwaro hwakaderera kwazvo sezviri chikamu chimwe nechimwe chiri chikamu chemagetsi.

Iyi ndiyo kesi yeiyo capacitor, chinhu chakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakapusa, izvo zvinoita kuti chive chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvemagetsi, asi zviri nekuda kwehunhu hwayo kuti hazvigoneke kuti hazviwanikwe mune ese emagetsi zvigadzirwa aripo .

Pasina mubvunzo, kufambira mberi kwemagetsi kwave kuri kwakakosha mutyairi uyo wakagadzira nzira yekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji mune dzakasiyana siyana. Uye kunyangwe iyo condenser pachayo isinganyanyobatsira kana ichibatanidzwa nezvimwe zvinhu, zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro senge RAM ndangariro makadhi, makomputa, marobhoti, drones, nharembozha, servidores uye zvimwe zvakawanda


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