La digital zvemagetsi, Inzvimbo yemagetsi iyo inosanganisira kuongororwa kwemasaini edhijitari kuitira kugadzirisa uye kudzora masisitimu akasiyana siyana uye masisitimu, zvichisiyana nemagetsi eanalogog uye zviratidzo zveanalogog. Saka, kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezvenyaya iyi uye ayo ese akakosha mapoinzi, ramba uchiverenga ichi chinyorwa.
Chii chinonzi zvemagetsi zvemagetsi? nezvigadziko zvayo.
Chii chinonzi Digital Electronics?
Tinogona kutaura kuti kune mhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzemasaini, imwe ianalogog kana inoenderera uye imwe iri yedigital kana discrete. Naizvozvo, iyo sainzi kana yekutsvagisa nzvimbo munzvimbo dzeinjiniya dzinodaidzwa kunzi analogi uye zvemagetsi zvemagetsi zvichiteerana. Saka ikozvino munzvimbo ye zvemagetsi zvemagetsi, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa hwainayo.
Nekudaro, kubva kumagetsi emagetsi kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekutaurirana, kubva kune dzakabatanidzwa michina midiki kusvika kumidziyo yechiuto. Nekudaro, pamwe chikuru chakanyanya shanduko mukana wemagetsi, kudzikira kwehukuru uye kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji.
La digital zvemagetsi, Zviri nezve izvo zvemagetsi masisitimu anoshandisa dijitari siginari panzvimbo yeanalogog. Izvi zvakafanana nekuratidzwa kwakanyanya kweBoolean algebra uye ndiyo hwaro hwese masekiti edhijitari emakomputa uye chero chigadzirwa chemutengi, senge nhare mbozha.
Chikamu chakakosha uye chakajairika cheiyo zvemagetsi zvemagetsi, iro gedhi rine pfungwa. Masuo ane pfungwa dzakasiyana, anosvika makumi ezviuru, akaiswa pamwechete kuti masisitimu akaomarara agone kugadzirwa pane anozivikanwa. Iyo yakaoma dhijitari system yemhando iyi yemagetsi inowanzo kuzivikanwa sedhijitari wedunhu. Kune chikamu chakakura chemainjiniya emagetsi, mazwi e «redunhu redhijitari"," Logic "uye" dhijitari system "inogona kuchinjaniswa mukati mezviri kutaurwa pamusoro pedu masekiti edhijitari.
Zvivako Zvokuvaka
Dhijitari redunhu rinogona kuvakwa kubva kumatunhu madiki emagetsi masekete anozivikanwa se logic masuwo, ayo anogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvakabatana pfungwa. Ese masuo enjere akagadzirirwa kuita Boolean logic basa kana rikaita pane mamwe ma sign.
Gedhi rinonzwisisika rinowanzo gadzirwa kubva kune imwe kana anopfuura magetsi anodzorwa, ayo ari ma transistors, asi mavhavhoni e thermionic ave nekushandisa kwenhoroondo. Kuburitswa kwegedhi rine pfungwa, ipapo kunogona kudzora kana kufudza mamwe magedhi ane pfungwa.
Imwe nzira yekutarisa padhijitari ndeyekuvaka kubva pamatafura ekutsvaga, mamwe anotengeswa se "programmable logic zvishandiso", kunyangwe paine mamwe marudzi ePDD. Ekutarisa matafura anogona kushandisa zvakafanana mabasa seanofunga masuo akavakirwa michina, zvisinei ivo vanogona kuve akagadziridzwa nyore pasina kushandura iyo wiring.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti dhizaina anokwanisa kazhinji kugadzirisa dhizaini yekukanganisa pasina chikonzero chekuchinja marongero etambo. Saka muzvigadzirwa zvidiki zvevhoriyamu, zvishandiso zvine hungwaru zvinogona kuve mhinduro inonyanyo shandiswa. Nekudaro, ivo anowanzo kugadzirwa nemainjiniya vachishandisa emagetsi dhizaini otomatiki software.
Maseketi akabatanidzwa ane akati wandei ma transistor pane silicone chip uye ndiyo isinganetsi nzira yekugadzira yakanyanya kubatana mitezo yemasuo.
Maseketi akabatanidzwa anowanzo kuwanikwa akaiswa mune rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi, iri bhodhi ine magetsi emagetsi uye inobatana nematanho emhangura.
Chigadzirwa
Kune rimwe divi, isu tine mainjiniya anoshandisa nzira dzakawanda kuti vakwanise kudzikisira zvine musoro kushomeka kuitira kudzikisira kuomarara kwemaseketi.
Kuderedza ichi chinhu chinonetsa uye zvinogona kukanganisa, nekudaro, zvinowanzo tenderera kudzikisa mutengo. Kunzwisisa redundancy kunogona kubviswa uchishandisa matekinoroji akati wandei anozivikanwa, senge mabhaisari esarudzo dzebhinari, mepu dzeKarnaugh, Boolean algebra, uye iyo nzira yekuverenga.
Masystem akapindirana ane ma microcontroller uye anorongeka manongedzo anodzora anowanzo shandiswa kuita dhijitari logic mumasisitimu akaomarara anoda kushanda kwakanaka. Saka masisitimu aya anowanzo kuverengerwa neainjiniya esoftware kana magetsi, nekushandisa manera emutauro.
Ngatizivei zvakanakira zvinounzwa nekushandisa kwemagetsi emagetsi.
Kumiririra
Izvi zvinomiririra zvakakosha kuinjiniya wedhijitari dhizaini dhizaini. Kuti usarudze zvinomiririrwa, mainjiniya anotarisa mhando dzedigital system. Nzira yakajairika yekumiririra macircuit ndeye nzira yakaenzana seti yemasuwo enji.
Chiratidzo chega chega chine musoro chinomiririrwa neimwe fomu. Iyo chaiyo seti yezvimiro yakaunzwa muna 1984 zvinoenderana neIEEE / ANSI standard 91-1984 uye parizvino ndiyo imwe yeanonyanyo shandiswa nevagadziri vemaseketi akabatanidzwa. Imwe nzira yekuvaka yakaenzana magetsi switch system. Izvo zvinogona kumiririrwa setafura yezvokwadi.
Chikamu chakakura chedhijitari masisitimu chinogona kukamurwa kuita mubatanidzwa uye nekuteedzana masisitimu. Mukati meyakabatanidzwa sisitimu, kuburitsa kumwe chete kunogara kuchiratidzwa kana zviyero zvakafanana zvikapihwa.
Iyo inoteedzana sisitimu inosanganisa imwe ine zvakabuditswa zvakabuditswa kumashure sekushandisa. Izvi zvinokonzera michina yedhijitari kuti iite kuteedzana kwekushanda.
Chimwe chinhu chakatevedzana chakateedzana hapana mubvunzo kuti ndiyo flip flop, inova nzira inomiririra dhijitari kana "bit". Sequential masisitimu anowanzo gadzirwa semuchina wehurumende. Neiyi nzira, mainjiniya anogona kugadzira iwo maitiro akasvibirira ehurongwa uye kunyangwe kuyedza mukati mekufananidza, uchifunga nezve ruzivo rwekufunga kwemabasa.
Zvekufunga zvine mutsindo, zvese zvinomiririrwa nedhijitari zvine mafaera edhijitari, ayo anogona kugadziriswa nevose vane ruzivo komputa.
Zvakanakira zvemagetsi zvemagetsi
- Kutanga isu tine izvo zvemadhijitari emagetsi macirc ari nyore kugadzira.
- Ivo vane chaiyo yepamusoro uye programmability.
- Zviratidzo zvinopfuudzwa hazvidzikisi pamusoro penzvimbo refu.
- Zvakare, aya masaidhi edhijitari anogona kuchengetwa zviri nyore.
- Dhijitari zvemagetsi zvakaenzana zvakanyanya kudzivirira ku 'kukanganisa' uye 'ruzha. Nekudaro, mune zvimwe zviitiko zvekumhanya-mhanya dhizaini, chero ruzha rudiki runogona kutungamira mukukanganisa muchiratidzo.
- Mamwe macircuit edhijitari anogona kugadzirwa pane akasanganiswa machipisi; Izvi zvichatibatsira kuwana masisitimu akaomarara muhukuru hushoma.
- Iyo voltage mukati meimwe poindi yedhijitari yedunhu inogona kudzika kana kukwira; saka pane mukana mushoma wekuvhiringidzika.
- Dunhu redhijitari rakavimbika zvakanyanya nekuti yavo inoburitsa inguva isingachinji, nepo maseketi eanalogog anogona kuchinja zvinobuda nharaunda.
- Inonyanya kuchengetedzeka uye mwero wekutapurirana wakakwira zvakanyanya neyakafara bandwidth.
Kukosha kwemagetsi emagetsi
Kune akawanda masango einjiniya yemagetsi mukati medunhu rekombuta sainzi uye mainjiniya. Izvi zvinoda kukosha kwekukwanisa kugadzira dhijitari furemu.
Makomputa mainjiniya vane ruzivo rwakakura mundima yemagetsi, dhizaini dhizaini, uye Hardware nesoftware kusangana kwete pane imwechete ndima yemagetsi.
Chiyero cheichi chakakura kwazvo, nekuti ine dhizaini yemacrocontroller, makomputa ega, microprocessors uye makuru makomputa.
Mukati memunda wedhijitari yemagetsi inoshandisa iyo VLSI (Yakanyanya Yakakura Scale Kubatanidza) iyo yakadzora saizi nenzvimbo izere yemabhodhi ematunhu. Izvi zvinovandudza kurongeka uye kuita kwesisitimu.
Uye nekuda kwekutaurirana, madhijitari masisitimu ane mukana wakakosha mukunyorwa kwedata. Kutapurirana kwedatha kunoramba kwakachengeteka. Izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvakakosha zvinoratidza kukosha kwekuyerera kwemagetsi emagetsi, zvakare nemapurojekiti makuru emangwana.
Kana iwe wakafarira chinyorwa ichi uye chaibatsira, tinokukoka iwe kuti ushanyire webhusaiti yedu kuti udzidze zvimwe zvinonakidza ruzivo izvo zvinogona kukubatsira iwe nezve zvemagetsi sezvazviri Chii chinonzi tekinoroji yevana? sumo yenzira. Kune rimwe divi, kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezvenyaya iyi, tinokusiya inotevera vhidhiyo kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.