ari mhando dze network network uye hunhu hwavos inogadzira mepu chaiyo yemambure, iyo inovabvumidza kuchinjana data uye ruzivo. Muchinyorwa chino iwe unozogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyi inonakidza nhaurwa.
Mhando dzetiweki topologies uye hunhu hwavo
Kana uchitaura nezvenyaya iyi munyika yecomputer, zvinotaurwa kune chimiro uye mapuratifomu epanyama uye anonzwisisika mepu ayo vanogadzira uye programmers vanoshandisa kuchinjana data kuburikidza ne network network.
Mhando dzetiweki topology uye hunhu hwavo zvine chinobvumidza icho chinobvumidza akasiyana node (makomputa, maprinta, maseva, hubs, switch uye ma routers) kuti abatanidzwe kune mumwe nemumwe, kuitira kuti vatumire dhata neruzivo kune yega yega.
Iyo inoumbwa neinonzi inonzi topology yemuviri, ndiyo nzira iyo tambo dzinodaidzwa kuti midhiya dzakabatana, pakati penzvimbo, uye netopiki inonzwisisika uko nzira iyo vanopinda vanowana midhiya inotsanangurwa. Ona sei Gadzira netambo tambo
Kuti uzviise mune mamwe mazwi, ndiyo nzira iyo netiweki yakagadzirirwa. Pfungwa iyi ine chekuita nesangano nekubatana kwemidziyo nemidziyo inobvumidza kuendesa kwedata neruzivo kunzvimbo dzakananga.
Kune akawanda marudzi etiweki topologies uye maitiro avo, ayo anoita kuti imwe neimwe iite conformation yehurongwa hwakasiyana kubva kune imwe. Iyi ndima inoitwa nevagadziri vakasiyana-siyana vanofanirwa kuziva macode akasiyana uye kubata chaiyo komputa mutauro wedhijitari.
Iko kuumbana, mhando ye network topologies uye hunhu hwavo zvinoita kuti zvigoneke nzira yekubatanidza sevhisi seinternet kubva kumupi uye nenzira yayo yekufambisa kuburikidza neiyo router. Iyo topology inobvumidza kumisikidza nzira iyo kufambisa kunofanirwa kutarisirwa uye nekwavanotungamirwa.
Iyo dhizaini inobvumira iyo switch kuti ibatanidzwe kune imwe switch kana router, iyo inogona kutungamira kune inomiririra kana kubasa. Izvi zvinogadzira mhando yematavi akafanana nemuti, zvinobva zvayemurwa nemabatirwo anoitwa router yekutanga kune mamwe ese mahedhi kuburikidza nematanho.
Akasiyana maratidziro ekushambadzira anogona kuvandudzwa nekumisikidza dhizaini yekuvakisa, iyo ingango gara ichienderana nekubatana pakati penzvimbo. Daro pakati pavo rinotarisa kutapurirana kana midhiya chiteshi. Nekudaro, chinhu chimwe nechimwe chinogadzira kubatana kwepanyama, huwandu hwekutapurirana uye chiratidzo chingangokanganisa mashandiro akanaka enetiweki.
Izvo zvinhu zvinoita kuti chiito ichi chikwanisike ndewe server network, zvishandiso zve netiweki, zviteshi uye chiteshi kuburikidza iyo iyo data inofamba yainodaidza kutaurirana midhiya. Izvi zvikamu zvinobvumidza kuronga mepu yekuvaka yeiyo network system, iyo inonzi network topology. Tichazoona iwo marudzi eetwork topology uye iwo maitiro pazasi.
Ndeapi matoposi?
Munyika yemasaiti, programmers uye vanogadzira vanongotarisa chete sere marudzi eetopiki topology uye hunhu hwavo pakuronga nekugadzira network. Aya ndiwo muti kana hierarchical, bhazi, rin'i kana denderedzwa, nyeredzi, mesh, uye Kunongedza kunongedza, ngatione.
Muti, hierarchical kana muti
Rudzi rweiyi topology inoonekwa sekuunganidzwa kwemanetwork muchimiro chenyeredzi asi yakarongeka kwazvo. Zvichienderana nehurongwa hwayo, iko kuvaka kunosimbiswa zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzega dzega dzinonzi mashizha. Idzo node dzinofambisa uye dzinogashira data kubva kune imwe node uye hadzibate kudzokorora. Yakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune mamwe matopiki uko ivo vari ivo chete vane basa rekugovera.
Node dzega dzega dzakasarudzika kubva kunetiweki kuburikidza nechikanganiso chinokonzereswa munzira yekubatana kwayo. Iko kutadza kunotendera iyo shizha node kuti igare iri yoga, asi kana iyo yakazara chinongedzo ikakundikana, chikamu chinogona kuve chakasarudzika, zvichikonzera imwe mhando yekutapurirana kutemerwa.
Izvi zvinowanzoitika nekuda kwekuwandisa kwemigwagwa, saka zvakakosha kukudziridza node dzepakati dzinobatsira kuchengetedza menyu yemashoko akasiyana neaya akabatanidzwa kunetiweki. Chimiro chenetiweki chinobva chaumbwa icho chinofambisa mapaketi edata kunzvimbo dzese, ichiitendera kuti ishandiswe sezvinobatanidza.
bhazi
Iyo zvakare inonzi "yakajairika rukoronga", "mutsara" kana "mutsetse", ndeimwe yemhando dzakasiyana dzinonakidza dziripo mumhando dzeetwork topologies uye hunhu hwayo, inoonekwa seimwe yeakareruka kugadzira. Chimiro chine PtP yekutaurirana chiteshi inobatanidza vashandisi uye inogara ichivasanganisa pakati pemagumo maviri.
Inoshanda yakafanana neinonzi toni foni iyo vana vanoshandisa kutamba uye kutaurirana. Kana terevhizheni system ichiitwa nenzira yakachinjika, denderedzwa risingaperi rinosimbiswa. Mumashoko anonzwisisika, inoshanda zvakafanana nefoni, kana yakarongedzwa chete kufonera kune imwe nhamba uye zvachose.
Kutaurirana uku kunoramba kuripo kusvika pakuda, kunogona kusunungurwa pazvinodiwa. Zvakafanana nekubvisa kutaurirana kwehurongwa, mushure mekunge waita basa uye wobva wabviswa.
Mhete, yakatenderera kana mhete
Iyo netiweki iyo inokutendera iwe kuronga uye kuodha maratidziro mune yakatsiga nzira. Node yega yega inobatana nemamwe mapfundo achiumba imwe yekufambisa uye kutaurirana. Ipapo nzira yakasarudzika inogadzirwawo pakati penzvimbo dzinobvumidza kubata mapakeji eimwe data.
Iyo mhete topology inogona kuve unidirectional kunyangwe paine traffic munzira dzese kana kutenderera nenzira yakatenderera, ichigadzira mhando yerin'i. Inogona zvakare kuve yakarongedzwa nenzira yekudyidzana, uko mhete inobvumidza kupa nzira imwechete pakati penzvimbo mbiri.
Idzi nzira dzekufambisa dzinogona dzimwe nguva kukanganiswa kana dzimwe dzemanyowani dziine dambudziko. Pakati pezvakanaka ndezvekuti mudziyo wega wega unokwanisa kuwana chiratidzo, uine mukana wekutumira pasina matambudziko.
Izvo hazvidi iyo yepakati node kugadzirisa kubatana pakati pemakomputa. Iyo zvakare inobvumira zvishandiso kumisikidza system ye Virtualization chete nekubvisa tambo.
Estrella
Mhando dze topologies uye hunhu hwavo dzinovatendera kuti vape akasiyana masisitimu zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi kana kambani. Mune ino kesi, nyeredzi topology kana nyeredzi sekudanwa kwazvinoita, inogumira mukana wekuti netiweki idonhe. Izvi zvinoitwa nekubatanidza maodhi ese kunzvimbo yepakati.
Iyi node yepakati inotumira mafambisirwo ainogamuchira kune chero nzira yekumusoro uye kune ese ma node ari mune network. Nharaunda dzepiri dzinotaurirana, dzichipfuudza chete kubva kunharaunda yepakati. Kana paine kukundikana mumutsetse wekubatanidza wechero ipi zvayo node, iyo yepakati node yaizongokonzera yayo yega kupatsanurwa
Dambudziko rega nderekuti iyo yepakati node inogadziriswa ichitsigira huwandu hwakawanda hwetraffic. Ndosaka rudzi urwu rwechimiro chetopiki topology ichikurudzirwa mune madiki masisitimu uye kwete mumasystem ekufambisa ayo anogadzira huwandu hwetraffic uye yakawanda vhoriyamu mukutumira nekugamuchira dhata.
Mesh
Iyi network topology inzira yekubatana yakafanana neiyo yapfuura apo node yega yega yakabatana kune ese maodhi. Iyo inobvumidza kutakura mameseji kubva kune imwe node kuenda kune imwe kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana siyana. Kana iyo mesh network yakabatana zvizere, hapana chinokanganisa mukutaurirana. Iyo zvakare inobvumidza sevha yega yega kumisikidza yayo kubatana neese mamwe maseva.
Iko kunakirwa nerudzi urwu rwe network network topology uye hunhu hwayo ndeyekuti haina kurongeka kuburikidza nepakati node, izvi zvinogadzira fungidziro umo kutadza kuri kushoma. Kubvumira kuchengetedza kwenguva yakareba. Imwe bhenefiti ndeyekuti kana kubatana kwacho kukanyangarika, hakukanganisa neti dzemagetsi.
Iyo mesh network yakavimbika kwazvo, inoderedza redundancy, uye kuvimba kunoshivirira kukundikana kwepamusoro. Imwe yekukanganisa kwerudzi urwu rwe network network topology ndeyekuti ivo vari kudhura kuisa. Dzinoda kusangana kweimwe neimwe yenzvimbo pamwe neese mamwe mapfundo.
Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera huwandu hwekupindirana iyo yega inofanirwa kuve nayo. Ndosaka zvakakosha kuronga topology zvichibva pane wired kana waya isina waya. Iyo redundancy yemigwagwa kuenda kunzvimbo imwe chete inoderedza kuwanda kwezviitiko zvekutadza.
Imwe yekukanganisa ndeyekuti mutengo unowedzera wekuisa unogona kuve wakakwira kana uchiedza kumisikidza network kuburikidza netambo. Izvo zvavanotungamira mukushandisa kushandiswa kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwezviwanikwa pakati peavo zvavanoziva Maitiro ekubatanidza kunetiweki kutsvaga chimiro chinobatsira.
Pfungwa nepfungwa
Iyo inonziwo "Point to Point Protocol" kana "Peer-to-Peer", inomiririra mhando dzetiweki topologies uye hunhu hwavo, izvo zvinoshandisa marefu-renji maratidziro (WAN), ayo akasunga algorithms akatiomesera. Iko kukanganisa kunogadziriswa munzvimbo dzepakati uye kumagumo.
Point-to-point network ndeavo vanopindura kune imwe mhando yehurongwa hwekuvakisa iyo yega yega chiteshi che data inoshandiswa kutaurisa makomputa maviri chete, mukushora kuri pachena kune multipoint network, umo yega yega data chiteshi inogona kushandiswa kutaurirana. mapfundo.
Network zvishandiso zvinoita zvakafanana uye vaviri vaviri nemumwe. Chigadzirwa chega chega chinotora chinzvimbo chekuburitsa kana kugashira. Iko kuomarara kwesisitimu iyi kunokutendera iwe kuti umise rusununguko muchikumbiro chemashoko. Basa rinowanzo shandurwa uye iye anogamuchira anova anotumira.
Iwo mairesi anogamuchira chete iwo meseji anoburitswa nemaodhi enetiweki. Ivo vanozivisa chiteshi chinogamuchira zvinoenderana nekero yekutumira. Kubatana pakati penzvimbo dzinoitwa neimwe kana anopfuura masystem ekuparadzira. Izvi zvinogona kuvatumira kumhanya kwakasiyana, zvichivabvumidza kuti vashande zvakafanana. Nzvimbo dzepakati dzinogona kuburitsa traffic inoenderana nerudzi rwemeseji yavanotumira.
Iko kunonoka kuri kukonzerwa nekufambisa kwemeseji kuburikidza nepakati node. Mari yekumisikidza inoenderana nenhamba yetambo dzinodiwa pakubatana kukuru uye huwandu hwehukama pakati pehukama.