EPROM: Isina kugadzikana, inogadziriswa uye inogadziriswa mhando yekurangarira.
Unoda kuziva chii chinonzi EPROM ndangariro? Iwe uri munzvimbo chaiyo, nekuti pano isu tichakudzidzisa iwe zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezvazvo, kubva pane zvarinoreva kusvika kune zvahunhu uye nezvimwe.
EPROM ndangariro
Sezvatinoziva, kuti komputa ishande nemazvo inoda mhando dzinoverengeka dzekurangarira, asi unoziva chii chinonzi EPROM ndangariro? Ramba uchiverenga, nekuti mune ino inonakidza uye inyowani chinyorwa isu tichakudzidzisa iwe zvese nezve izvo.
Chii chinonzi EPROM ndangariro?
Mukutaura, kuziva chii chinonzi EPROM ndangariro, isu tinofanirwa kuziva kuti chikamu cheROM. Nekudaro, isu tine kuti iyo EPROM, chirevo cheErasable Programmable Read Chete Ndangariro, haina kugadzikana, inogadziriswa uye inogoneka.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvimwe zvakawanda nezve zvinorehwa neROM ndangariro, ndinokukoka kuti uverenge chinyorwa chinonzi: ROM ndangariro: Tsananguro, mashandiro, hunhu uye nezvimwe.
Pamusoro pezvo, ndangariro yeEPROM inogadzirwa nemagetsi, mushure meizvozvo, ruzivo rwunogona kudzimwa nekushandisa mwenje yeultraviolet. Tevere, isu tichataura humwe hunhu hunosiyanisa iyo EPROM kubva kune mamwe marudzi endangariro.
Zviratidzo
Sezvatakataura muchikamu chakapfuura pamusoro chii chinonzi EPROM ndangariro, urwu rudzi rwekurangarira harusi rwekuchinja. Nekudaro, iye anokwanisa kuchengeta iyo ruzivo rwakachengetwa kwenguva yakareba yenguva; pamusoro pezvo, inobvumira kuti iverengerwe nenzira isina muganho.
Uye zvakare, iyi mhando yekurangarira inoverengwa-chete uye nemagetsi inogadziriswazve, ndokuti, iyo data inochengetwa kusvikira ndangariro dzanyorwa zvakare. Panyaya iyi, zvakakosha kutaura kuti kuita reprogramming hatidi kubvisa memory kubva kubhodhi redunhu.
Pamusoro pezvo, iyo EPROM ine hukuru hwakasiyana uye kugona; ayo anotangira kubva pa256 byte kusvika 1 megabytes. Kune rimwe divi, ndangariro yeROM yakavharirwa mukati mechinhu chakajeka chequartz, kuburikidza neiyo ultraviolet mwenje inopinda panguva yekudzima ruzivo.
Nezve iyo nzira yekubatanidza ma module kune system system, iri asynchronous, ndiko kuti, hapana chiratidzo chewachi chinodzora iko kwekutanga mashandiro endangariro. Nekudaro, kubatana uku kunoitwa kuburikidza nemutongi kana memory adapta.
Kuronga
Pakati pezvinhu zvinotibatsira kunzwisisa chii chiyeuchidzo cheEPROM, isu tinofanirwa kutaura kuti chirongwa chayo chiri sei. Nenzira iyi, zvakakosha kusimbisa izvo kuti tiite urwu rudzi rwemaitiro atinoda, kutanga pane zvese, mugadziri wePRMOM.
Chechipiri, isu tinoda akateedzana emagetsi mafuru ane voltage inokwana pakati pegumi nemakumi maviri nemashanu volts. Panyaya iyi, idzi pulses dzinoiswa kune yakakosha pini yeEPROM ndangariro, yenguva ingangoita makumi mashanu emamirisecond.
Saizvozvo, panguva yePRPROM chirongwa chehurongwa, tinofanirwa kuseta kero yeruzivo. Zvakare, isu tinofanirwa kuona izvo zvakanyorwa.
Kune rimwe divi, iyo EPROM ine seti ye transistors inoshanda seyemusoro maseru. Nenzira iyi, transistor yega yega inoshandura nyika kana magetsi achiiswa pairi panguva yehurongwa hwekuita.
Panyaya yeichi chikamu chekupedzisira, tinofanirwa kujekesa kuti mamiriro ekutanga ema transistor aya abviswa, anoenderana nechiratidzo chine musoro chakaenzana na1. Mushure mezvo, transistor anotendeuka obva achengeta kukosha kwakaringana kuenzana ne0.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvakafanira kuratidza kuti chokwadi ichi chinokwanisika nekuda kwekuvapo kwegedhi rinoyangarara mune yega yega ma transistors. Nekudaro, kuchaja kwemagetsi kunogara mune rakataurwa gedhi kwenguva yakareba, zvichibvumira izvo zvinyorwa zvakachengetedzwa kuti zvigare zvachose mundangariro yeEPROM.
Operation
Chinhu chikuru icho chatinofanira kutaura nezve mashandiro eEPROM ndangariro, ndechekuti inotanga chete kana tanyora zvemukati mukati mayo. Mushure meizvozvo, nhanho inotevera ndeyekuisa iyo unit mukati meiyo system, uko icharamba ichishanda seyekuverenga mudziyo hapana chimwe chinhu.
Nekudaro, usati waisa chiyeuchidzo cheEPROM mukushanda, zvinodikanwa kuti uchinje mamiriro ekutanga emaseru eruzivo. Mune mamwe mazwi, isu tinofanirwa kuisa voltage kuyambuka transistor chiteshi kune iyo semiconductor zvinhu, kuitira kuti gedhi repamusoro riwane mhosva yakaipa.
Pamusoro peizvo zvatataura pamusoro, isu tinofanirwa kujekesa kuti zvinokwanisika kubvisa iyo EPROM ndangariro yebhodhi redunhu kwayakaisirwa, uyezve isu tinogona kugadzirisa zvirimo kana tichiida. Muchokwadi, kana zvirizvo, maitiro acho akajeka, sezvakakurukurwa pazasi.
Utility
Kutanga kubva pachokwadi chekuti EPROM idimendi reyeuchidzo yeROM, isu tine icho chikuru chishandiso kugadzira komputa bhutsu. Zvakare nekupa zviwanikwa zvinodikanwa zvekutakurwa kweiyo sisitimu yekushandisa uye mashandiro ezvipenga zvinhu.
Kune rimwe divi, iko kushandiswa kukuru kwerudzi urwu rwekurangarira kunoitika mune diki-inodzorwa kana micro-yakagadziriswa masystem. Nenzira iyi, iyo EPROM inova svikiro uko zvinokwanisika kuchengetedza ruzivo mune semi-zvachose nzira, senge: mashandiro, macomputer ekushandisa, mitauro yekuronga uye maitiro.
Pamusoro pezvo, ndinokukoka kuti utarise vhidhiyo inotevera, kwaunowana ruzivo nezve iko kunyorera kuverenga nekunyora ndangariro yeEPROM mundima yemotokari.
Panyaya iyi, zvakakosha kutaura kuti izvo zvemukati izvo zvatino tarisa zvine akateedzana e data mabheti akachengetwa mumaseru eruzivo. Nekudaro, aya maseru ane ma transistors emagetsi anobhadharisa; ayo anoburutswa kubva kufekitori nzira.
Dzadzimwa
Nezve kubviswa kweiyo EPROM ndangariro, chinhu chekutanga kutaura ndechekuti haigone kuitwa zvishoma. Ndokunge, kana tangoita sarudzo, isu tinofanirwa kuenderera kudzima zvese zvirimo zvakachengetwa mune zvakataurwa ndangariro.
Kuti tiite izvi, tinobvisa ndangariro yeEPROM kubva muchirongwa uye kudzima zvirimo musero rega rega ne ultraviolet mwenje. Nenzira, inopfuura nepahwindo requartz rekurangarira kudzamara yasvika kune iyo foto-inoitisa zvinhu, uye nekudaro inobvisa mutero iyo inochengeta iyo transistor iri pamusoro.
Panyaya iyi, zvakakosha kutaura kuti maitiro akatsanangurwa pamusoro anoita kuti transistor idzime, uye kukosha kwayo kunonzwisisika kunoshanduka kubva pa0 kusvika pa1. Pamusoro pezvo, tinogona kuratidza kuti wavelength ye ultraviolet mwenje ine huwandu hwe2537 Angstroms, uye maitiro ese anogona kutora pakati pegumi nemakumi matatu maminetsi, zvinoenderana nekwanisi yekurangarira.
Chekupedzisira, mushure mekubvisa iyo ruzivo uye chirongwa chayo chitsva, isu tinokwanisa kudzorera iyo EPROM ndangariro kunzvimbo yayo yepakutanga kana kuishandisa mune imwe application inoida iyo. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti urangarire kuti kubva ipapo zvichienda ndangariro iyi inoshanda chete seyunoverengwa-chete unit.
Panyaya iyi, mune inotevera vhidhiyo iwe unogona kuona maitiro ekurekodha EPROM ndangariro, mushure mekubvisa zvirimo.
Kusiyana
Kubva pakazvarwa EPROM ndangariro, dhizaini yavo yakachinja. Nekudaro ikozvino
Panyaya iyi, kugoverwa kweaya madiki maseru kunotora mazita akasiyana, zvinoenderana nemhando iyo ndangariro iri mumhuri yePROM yematanho 2700. Nenzira iyi, isu tine gadziriro dzemukati dzinogona kuzivikanwa se2K x 8 uye 8K x 8.
Nezve iyo yekupedzisira, semuenzaniso, tinogona kutaura kuti yemukati kurongeka kwemabhuroko kunoenderana neEPROM yemhando 2764. Nenzira iyi, matrix anogadzira maseru ekuchengetedza haatize pfungwa ine chekuita nekumisikidza nekusarudza, pakati vamwe.
Pamusoro pezvo, iyi EPROM yekurangarira modhi ine yakajairika terminal dhizaini, iine 28-pini encapsulation. Panyaya iyi, rudzi urwu rwepakeji runongozivikanwa seDIP, chirevo cheDual In-line Package, uye chiri pamusoro pezvose kurudzi rwegadziriro inonzi JEDEC-28.
Kune rimwe divi, kune akasiyana marudzi EPROM ndangariro chirongwa, kunyanya zvine chekuita nemagetsi mwero unoshandiswa. Nekudaro, isu tinogona kuwana mamwe mamodheru anoshanda nematanho e12,5 volts (v), 13v, 21v uye 25v.
Panyaya iyi, zvakakosha kuti utaure kuti zvese zvinoenderana nemugadziri uye humwe hunhu hwakabatana neyese yeEPROM zvishandiso zvekurangarira zviripo pamusika. Saizvozvo, zvinokwanisika kutsvaga akasiyana masitayera ekurekodha dhata, uko kwese nguva yenguva yekumanikidza kwemagetsi uye nhanho dzemafungiro dzakabatana nemastaera ekushanda anosiyana.
Kubatsira uye kusagadzikana
Mukana wekutanga kutaura nezve EPROM ndangariro kugona kuishandisa zvekare kakawanda pazvinenge zvichidikanwa. Kuti tiite izvi, tinofanira kugara tichive nechokwadi chekudzima zvirimo uye nekunyora nyowani.
Kune rimwe divi, iyo EPROM ndangariro inomiririra yakakosha tekinoroji kumberi, nekuti inotibvumidza kugadzirisa kana kugadzirisa ruzivo rwakanyorwa mukati maro. Nekudaro, iyi mhando yekurangarira inewo zvimwe zvinokanganisa, pakati pazvo zvatinogona kutaura zvinotevera:
Izvo zvemukati zvekurekodha maitiro zvinoda chakakosha mudziyo, unonzi EPROM programmer. Nenzira imwecheteyo, kana tichida kudzima ruzivo, tinotarisana neinononoka, yakareba uye yakaoma kuita, nekuti pakati pezvimwe zvinhu isu tinofanirwa kubvisa ndangariro kubva kubhodhi redunhu.
Chekupedzisira, maitiro ekudzima izvo zvemukati haatenderi kuchinjisa mabiti zvakasiyana, pane zvinopesana, isu tinofanirwa kubvisa iro rese bhuroka reruzivo. Zvisinei, mukupindura dambudziko iri, ndangariro dzeEEPROM dzakamuka.
EPROM ndangariro emulator
Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwatinogona kunakidzwa nhasi, zvinotitungamira kuti titaure nezve kuvapo kweEMPROM memory emulators. Nenzira yekuti zvinofanirwa kumisikidza zvese zvinoreva uye mashandiro ezvo.
Mukutaura, iyo EPROM ndangariro emulator chishandiso chakagadzirirwa kubatana pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwemacrocontroller maseketi kana microprocessors, pamwe nehurongwa hwekutarisa. Nenzira iyi, emulator yerudzi urwu inotora fomu ye RAM ndangariro ine madoko maviri, imwe yacho inochengetedza hunhu hwe EPROM interface uye imwe inoshanda senge chiteshi chekutakura kuyerera kwe data kune iyo RAM ndangariro.
Panyaya iyi, tinogona kutaura chishandiso chakagadzirwa nekambani AMD, iyo ine EPROM Flash memory. Pamusoro pezvo, isu tine kuti ine gadziriro yemagetsi emagetsi e5 volts uye inobvumira iyo memory kuti iitwe zvakare kusvika kungangoita zviuru zana.
Saizvozvo, chishandiso ichi chinokwanisa kushanda seyemulator ine yakakwira yekuchengetera masimba uye, panguva imwechete, seEPROM Flash memory programmer. Nekudaro, kana unit ikangozadzikisa chirongwa chayo chebasa, tinogona kutora kodhi yekupedzisira kubva kuemulator nekuiisa pabhodhi redunhu, mushure meizvozvo mudziyo unozoramba uchiita seyeuchidzo yePROM.
Musiyano uripo pakati pekurangarira EPROM uye Flash EPROM ndangariro
Chekutanga pane zvese, sezvatichangobva kutaura, Flash EPROM ndangariro inokwanisa kuita mbiri basa, ndiko kuti, pamusoro pekuzvibata seyakajairwa EPROM, ine yekunyora yekuisa. Kune rimwe divi, maitiro ekurekodha uye kudzima dhata mune itsva Flash memory inogadzirwa neimwe nzira, nepo mune zvakajairwa EPROMs iwo maviri akasiyana zvachose uye akapatsanuka maitiro.
Panyaya iyi, zvakakosha kutaura kuti mugadziri weEPROM Flash ndangariro akatora zvakafanira zvekudzivirira, nenzira yekuti hazviite kuti tikanganise rumwe ruzivo rwakakosha. Nekudaro, iyi mhando yekurangarira ine mamwe akafanotemerwa mirairo kuburikidza iyo iyo data kudzima uye zvirongwa zvehurongwa zvinomisikidzwa.
Nezve ichi chikamu chekupedzisira, mukati memirairo mikuru tinogona kutaura zvinotevera: Kuverenga, Kumisazve, Kuzvisarudzira, Byte, Delete chip uye Delete chikamu. Kune avo chikamu, maviri ekutanga ane basa rekugadzirira ndangariro kweinotevera nzira yekuverenga, nepo iwo murairo unonzi "Kuzvisarudzira" iri basa rekuona zvese kodhi yemugadziri uye mhando yechinhu.
Pamusoro pezvo, iyo Byte yekuraira inoshandiswa kuisa chirongwa chitsva muEPROM ndangariro, nepo "Erase chip" ichishandiswa zvakananga kutanga dhata rekudzima dhata. Chekupedzisira, kuburikidza nemurairo «Delete» chikamu isu pachedu tinogona kudzima zvirimo zvakanyorwa mune dzimwe ndangariro matunhu.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
Kuberekwa kweEMPROM ndangariro kuri nekuda kwekugadzirisa dambudziko reprogramu riripo mune yakatangira, iyo PROM ndangariro. Nekudaro, iyo EPROM inobvumidza kugadzirisa chero kukanganisa kunogona kubva mune ino maitiro.
Iyo EPROM ndangariro ine yakajeka yequartz hwindo, iyo inobvumidza kuwanikwa kweiyo ultraviolet mwenje panguva yekudzimwa kwezviri mukati. Nekudaro, pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, hwindo iri rinofanirwa kugara rakavharwa kudzivirira mhedzisiro yechiedza chechisikirwo kubva mukudzima ruzivo rwuri muEPROM.
Nekudaro, kunyangwe isu tichitora chenjedzo huru kuitira kuti ruzivo rwuri mundangariro yeEPROM rurege kudzimwa, chokwadi ndechekuti nekufamba kwenguva chakachinjwa zvisingaite. Neraki, izvi hazviitike kusvikira kwapera makumi emakumi emakore ekushandisa ndangariro.
Resumen
Kuti unzwisise zviri nani chii chinonzi EPROM ndangariro, chimwe chezvinhu zvekutanga chatinofanira kufunga nezvacho ndechekuti rudzi rweyeye isingachinjiki, inogadziriswa uye inogona kuyeukwa. Nenzira iyi, iyo EPROM inoonekwa seinobatsira kupfuura memory PROM.
Zvimiro uye mashandiro
Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti rudzi urwu rwekurangarira runogoneka; nenzira yekuti tinokwanisa kudzima zvirimo uye zvakarekodha kana kuronga imwe nyowani. Panyaya iyi, izvi zvinogoneka nekuda kwekushandiswa kweiyo ultraviolet mwenje, iyo inopinda iri pachena yequartz hwindo iri muchikamu chepamusoro chendangariro system inozivikanwa seROM.
Nezve ichi chikamu chekupedzisira, zvakakosha kutaura kuti kana tangobvisa zvirimo zveEMPROM ndangariro uye isu tazvigadzirisazve, yakagadzirira kushandiswa zvakare. Nekudaro, zvinongoshanda seyekuverenga-chete ndangariro; kungave munzvimbo yayo yekutanga kana mune imwe system kwazvinodiwa.
Kune rimwe divi, isu tine kuti iyo EPROM ndangariro inovandudza mashandiro ePPROM, nenzira imwechete iyo iyo EEPROM inopfuura yake. Kunyanya maererano nezviyeuchidzo zvekudzima ndangariro, kusanganisira zvine chekuita nezvirongwa zveBIOS.
Kuyeuka ndangariro
Pamusoro pezvo, isu tinofanirwa kutaura kuti maitiro ekudzima ruzivo uye kugadzirisa zvakare ndangariro yeEPROM inononoka uye yakaoma. Zvakare, zvinoda kuburitsa ndangariro yebhodhi redunhu kuti igone kugadzirisa zvirimo; Uyezve, haitenderi kubviswa kwayo.
Mhedziso
Muchidimbu, kupindura mubvunzo wedu nezve chii chinonzi EPROM ndangariro, zvakanakira kufunga kuti chiyeuchidzo chinogadziriswa uye chinogoneka kuverenga-chete. Nenzira iyi, isu tine kuti hunhu hwayo hukuru ndechekuti zvirimo zvinogona kudzimwa nekushandisa ultraviolet mwenje, mushure meizvozvo isu tinogona kuigadzirisazve kuburikidza nemagetsi emagetsi.