Iyi inoshanda sisitimu ndeimwe yeakakurumbira pasirese, asi wakambozvibvunza here kuti vangani Linux shanduro vanga varipo kusvika nhasi? Pano iwe unowana mhinduro!
Chii chinonzi Linux?
Linux iyo yakavhurwa sosi, Unix-senge inoshanda sisitimu. Izvo zvinoumbwa kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwemapurojekiti akasiyana, uko GNU inomira, inotungamirwa neAmerican programmer Richard Stallman akabatana neFree Software Foundation, hwaro uhu hune chinangwa chekuparadzira Mahara Software, kuwedzera kune inoshanda system kernel inozivikanwa se «Linux », Inotungamirwa neyeFrance programmer Linus Torvalds, mudzidzi wesainzi yemakomputa.
Muna 1991 akagadzira Linux uye nekukurumidza akawana kutarisisa kwevakawanda, avo vanoshandisa mazano eOpen Source Software, vakagadzira yakasimba sisitimu yekushandisa.
Pfungwa iyi yakazvarwa muHelsinki, guta guru reFinland. Nekuti Torvalds aikwanisa kuwana maseva eUnix, kubva kuyunivhesiti. Iyo system yaakashandisa kugadzira kernel yake yaive "Minix".
Kunge chero chinogadzirwa chakasikwa, ichi chaingova chirongwa chekushandisa wega, uko Torvalds akafunga nezverunyararo rwake kana achishandisa komputa yake.
Iwo makuru maficha eGNU Software /Linux Ndizvo zvinotevera:
- Chinhu chikuru che Linux ndeyekuti iri rakavhurika sosi software kana "Vhura Sosi"
- Iyo yemahara zvachose uye iwe unongofanirwa kuitora kubva kune internet mutengesi.
- Chimwe chinomira pachena ndechekuti "Inofarira Multitasking" sezvo iri yega sisitimu yekushandisa ine chishandiso ichi, icho chinobvumidza kushandiswa kwemaapplication akati wandei panguva imwe chete, pasina kupindira pakati pavo. Kusiyana neWindows chishandiso chinonzi "Cooperative Multitasking".
- Imwe pfungwa yakasimba ye Linux ndeyekuti mhando dzese dzemambure dzinogona kushanda nemazvo chaizvo, izvi zvakare zvinopa mukana mukuwana internet.
- Kuteedzera yapfuura poindi, nekuda kweizvi, tinogona kushandura PC yedu kuita sevha, ine yakaderera kwazvo mitengo kupfuura zvakajairwa.
- Linux Iyo haina kubatwa senge inotakurika sisitimu, asi nhasi kwazvo zvese kugoverwa kwayo kuri.
- Iyo system Linux Iyo ine zvese zvakakosha zvinhu kugadzira zvirongwa zvakasimba uye software uchishandisa mitauro: "C", "C ++", "ObjectiveC", "Pascal", "Fortran", "BASIC", pakati pevamwe. Izvo zvinofarira nharaunda yevanogadzira.
- "Multi-mushandisi" ndeimwe yehunhu hwayo hukuru uye iyo yakamisa iyo iko iko parizvino, pakati pevamwe, ichibvumira vashandisi vakasiyana kuwana izvo zvakafanana zviwanikwa pasina kupindira.
- Kuchengeteka kwayo kwepamusoro ndechimwe chinhu chinochiisa zvakanaka, izvi zvichiperekedzwa nemupiro wevakawanda wevakawanda.
- Kugumisira asi kusiri kupedzisira, Linux inogona kuchinjirwa kune chero chishandiso. Muenzaniso wakajeka ndiyo Android system, iri zvakare kugovera kwe LinuxTichaona izvi gare gare.
Chronological kurongeka kweLinux vhezheni zviripo kusvika parizvino.
"Distro" sedzidziso dze Linux, ingori imwe yeiyo GNU system kugovera /Linux Inosanganisira package yezvirongwa, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirwa kwayo. Pano tinowana runyorwa rweDistro yakarairwa zvichiteerana.
Izvo zvakakosha kujekesa kuti maBhaibheri haana kuwedzerwa, kuti haana kutsigirwa kana aive mapurojekiti asi haana kubudirira. Izvi kuitira kuchengetedza nguva, nekuti dai ese akawedzerwa paizove neanopfuura mazana masere emhando dze Linux.
Izvo zvakati, sezvo Linus Torvalds akagadzira yake inoshanda sisitimu yekungonakidzwa muna 1991, vabatsiri vakasvika uye yekutanga vhezheni yakazvarwa:
- Linux 0.12: Ndiyo yekutanga yeiyo Linux shanduro munyika, mugadziri wayo aive HJ Lu muna 1992. Kuisirwa kwacho kwaifanirwa kuitwa nemadhiropu maviri, rimwe raive nebasa reBooting komputa, uye imwe yeRooting iyo. Kuti maitiro apedze zvinobudirira, komputa yaida kuve nehexadecimal mhando mupepeti.
- MCC Yenguva Linux: Iko kugoverwa kweLinux kwekare kwakagadzirwa paManchester Computing Center, zvakare muna 1992. Musiki wayo aive Owen Le Blanc, uye yakamira kuve yekutanga vhezheni inogona kuiswa yakazvimiririra pane chero komputa. Yakaparadzirwa pachena pane FTP server paManchester Computing Center.
- Tami Linux: Mwedzi mishoma gare gare muna 1992, vhezheni itsva ye Linux iyo yaakagadzira kuTexas A&M padhuze neUnix uye Linux Mushandisi Boka. Iyi vhezheni yaive yekutanga kupa akasiyana windows mune ino system kupfuura kungoita zvinyorwa zvemavara.
- softlanding Linux MaSystem (SLS): Kugoverwa uku kwakaburitswa panguva imwechete neiyo yapfuura (Tamu Linux), asi inosiyana nekuti yakaisa hwaro hweshanduro dzakanakisa dze Linux izvo zvatiri kuziva parizvino. Iyo yaive yakavakirwa pa MCC Yenguva Linux uye mugadziri wayo aive Peter McDonald. 2 yeLinux Distros ayo achiri kutenderera aive akavakirwa paSLS, aya ari "Debian" uye "Slackware".
- Slackware: Iyi vhezheni yakabuda pakati pegore 92, uye kubva pakuvhurwa kwayo kusvika panopera kupera kwema90 yakatonga Software musika. Kubva paSoftlanding Linux Systems uye nedzimwe shanduro dzataurwa pamusoro apa, iyi ndiyo yekare kudarika ichiri kushanda uye iri kugamuchira zvigadziriso.
- YGGDRASIL: Yakagadziriswa mukambani yaAdam J. Ritcher mudunhu reCalifornia, yaive yekutanga Distro yakagoverwa neCD ROM: Yaivewo yekutanga iyo inogona kugadziridzwa uchishandisa Plug uye Play. Yakavambwa mukupera kwa1992 neYggdrasil Computing Inc.
- Debian: Kufambidzana kubva pakati pa1993, iyi yanga iri imwe yeiyo Linux shanduro yakasimba, uye izvo nekufamba kwemakore zvinoramba zvichivandudza. Sezvambotaurwa, yaive zvakare yakavakirwa paSLS uye mugadziri wayo aive Ian Murdock. Yaiwanika kuburikidza neCD-ROM uye yakatorwa online. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti iyi vhezheni inoratidzira pamberi uye shure munhoroondo ye linux, mamwe akawanda ma distros akavakirwa paDebian. Iyi software inonyanya kushanduka nekuti inoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzemakomputa uye inowanikwa mumitauro yakawanda.
- Red Hat Linux: Iyo ndeimwe yeshanduro dzekare, uye ichiri kushanda nanhasi, kunyangwe iri pasi pezita rakasiyana mushure mekubatana neFedora. Iyo Red Hat kambani yaive nebasa rekuburitswa kwayo muna1994, ndiyo imwe yemhando shoma dzekutengesa. Mushure mekubatana muna 2003, inoshanda pasi pezita rekuti Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Iyo yakapayona kushandiswa kwesoftware package manejimendi ekushandisa, uye yakaisa hwaro hweshanduro dzinotevera kuti dziite.
- Mandrake kana Mandriva Linux: Yakaburitswa muna 1998 uye yakavakirwa paRed Hat Linux, yakanangiswa kuruzhinji nemakomputa ekushandisa wega. Yakanga iri sisitimu yakakodzera kwazvo kune vese vanotanga uye kunyanya. Mugadziri wayo aive Co-muvambi wekambani yeFrance MandrakeSoft, Gael Duval.
- anouya Linux: Iyi vhezheni yakagadzirwa yeJapan, forogo yeRed Hat uye inotsigirwa neVineCaves. Yakatanga kukura muna 1998 uye muna 2000 yakaburitswa kuruzhinji.
- ELKS: Iyo isisitimu inotakura isina zviitiko zviitiko iyo nucleus ye linux, Iyo yakagadzirirwa makomputa ane akadzika mapurani, semuenzaniso mabiti gumi nematanhatu. Yaimbozivikanwa seLinux-16, uye yakatanga kushanda muna 8086.
- Yinja Imbwa: Iyo Distro kubva 1999, yakagadzirwa ingangoita panguva imwe chete neRed Hat Linux uye zvichibva paari. Asi izvi zvakasiyana pakuti yaishanda zvakakwana paPower PC makomputa.
- ElinOS: Icho chimwe cheiyo Linux shanduro nemaindasitiri mafomu uye aishanda muHost makomputa. Mapakeji ayo ese akavhurwa sosi, ndosaka kuburitswa kwayo muna 99 kwaive kufambira mberi kukuru.
Linux shanduro kubva mugore 2000
- SmoothWall: Iyi distro yakatangwa pamusika muna 2000 uye yaive imwe yemhando dzakanakisa dzeMoto panguva iyoyo. Sezvo yaingoshanda kwete kwete chete seyakachengeteka sevhisi mumasaiti, asi zvakare yakashanda sevha.
- CRUX Linux: Iyo ndeimwe yekutanga minimalist vhezheni yeLinux, yakagadzirirwa vagadziri uye yakapusa. Yakaburitswa muna 2001 uye ichiri kushanda paLinux kernel. Kugadziridzwa kwayo kunoitwa nevakagadziri vakasiyana munharaunda yeCRUX.
- Skolelinux: Iyi distro inozivikanwa zvakare seDebianEdu, ndiko kuti, iri vhezheni yedzidzo yaDebian iyo yakaburitswa muna 2001. Yaifungidzirwa sedziviriro yezvikoro muNorway, kufambisa chirongwa chekudzidza chevadzidzi uye nemhando yekuongorora yemudzidzisi.
- PA-RISC Linux: Iyo iri nyore distro yakatangwa muna 2001, nechinangwa chekuti makomputa ane PA-RISC processor anogona kunakidzwa neLinux kernel system.
- Arch Linux: Muna 2002 Judd Vinet uye yaive yakavakirwa pana Crux. Neichi chikonzero, iri zvakare iri minimalist Distro, inozivikanwa nekuwedzera mashoma ekushandisa kune iyo kuisirwa. Yaive imwe yekutanga kugamuchira otomatiki inogadziridzwa online.
- KNOPPIX: Iko kugovera kweGerman nekombiki LinuxKubva pane iyo Open Source system, inotakura zana muzana uye inogona kutakurwa paCD kana pendrive, uyezve paDVD. Muna 2002 yakagadziriswa naKlaus Knopper, aivimba neDebian Distro kuti agadzire iyi vhezheni. Hunhu hwayo ndeyekuti inochengetedza yemahara desktop desktop, inozivikanwa seLXDE.
- Gentoo Linux: Iyi distro haina kumbobvira yatanga zviri pamutemo, zvisinei, yanga ichishanda pasi pezita rekuti Gentoo kubvira 2002. Zita rayo rinoreva Papua penguin, tichifunga kuti mascot ehurongwa ishiri yerudzi urwu. Iyi distro inoenderana nyore uye nekukurumidza kune chero kuvaka uye mashandiro ayo anoshanda chaizvo, zviri zvakanyanya kune vane ruzivo vashandisi vane font mapakeji.
- pangataura Linux: Iyi distro yakatanga kushanda senzira yekutsigira yevashandisi veOracle's Red Hat Linux muna 2002. Sezvo yakashanda zvakanyanyisa, makore mashoma gare gare yakava distro imwechete. Parizvino, inosimbiswa nemaseva akadai seBMM, Dell, Cisco uye HP. Inogona kuwanikwa mahara pamhepo kubva paOracle webhusaiti.
- Bvisa OS: Uku kugoverwa kwe Linux yakabuda muna 2002, uye zvakare yakavakirwa paRed Hat. Kunyangwe iinewo mamwe mapakeji eCentOS. Pakutanga kwa2002 iyi distro yaizivikanwa saClark Conect uye yakagadzirirwa makambani madiki ane server mabasa.
- Connochaet OS: Muna 2002 yaizivikanwa seDeli linux, asi gare gare yakagadzirwazve zvichibva paSalix uye Slackware, kunzi Connochaet OS. Pfungwa yake yaive pamakomputa ekare kana akaderera-zviwanikwa, achifunga nezve nharaunda yemazuva ano yenguva. Kunyangwe paine zvipingaidzo zvakaunzwa neDistro, kubvira 2016 yagashira isina kuvhiringidzwa.
- Runar Linux: Yakaburitswa kutanga kwa2002, pasi peLinux kernel nekodhi kodhi. Yakave yakamira nekuti inobudirira inoenderana nezvinodiwa nevashandisi, zvakare ine nyore-kutanga nemapakeji pasina kunetsekana. Mwedzi Linux distro inochinja-chinja inoshanda paX86 uye X86-64 mafiremu nenzira imwecheteyo.
- SME server: Pakati pa2002 ingangoita, iyi vhezheni yakanga yakamiswa mumusika, kubvira isati yapfuura kuburikidza nevaridzi vakasiyana. Sezvo inofungidzirwa nezita rayo, iyi software inopa masevhisi ezviteshi zvekubatana, zviri nani kuzivikanwa semuranda.
- Kwayedza Mage: Yaimbodaidzwa kunzi "Svikiro", iyo interface uye inoshanda system inoreva kune mashiripiti nouroyi, asi muzvirongwa zvePC. Chakavanzika parutivi, iyi distro inopa zvirinani kudzora kwemakomputa kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe shanduro, dzinogona kuita senge mashiripiti. Sezvo chiperengo chisiri chinhu kunze kwekuwanda kwemirairo, iyi software pachinzvimbo chekuita migove nemabhanari, inovaita nekodhi yekodhi; Ichi ndicho chikonzero vashanduri vakauya nezita iri.
- Vector Linux: Iyi distro ine musimboti we linux, inoenderana nechero mamiriro emakomputa uye inoitirwa vashandisi vepakati. Yayo interface inoitwa zvakanaka pamwe nechikamu chemifananidzo. Musiki waro aive Robert S. Lange, uyo akafuridzirwa naSlackware yekusimudzira kwayo. Nhasi, rutsigiro urwu runochengetwa nenhamba huru yevanofarira, vanoita kuti irambe ichishanda.
- Freeduc: Iyo yakasarudzika distro yakatangwa pamusika neiyo «Sangano reMahara Software mune Dzidzo uye Kudzidzisa». Yaivimba naKnoppix naDebian kugadzira bootable CD-Rom ine live interface. Iyi software yakanyatso gadzirirwa zvinangwa zvekudzidzisa.
- Linux kubva kuScratch: Iyi distro, senge yapfuura, ndeyezvinangwa zvekudzidzisa, asi yakanangana nevaya vanogadzira vanoda kudzidza kugadzira yavo system. Iyi distro inosanganisira bhuku raGerard Beekmans, kwaanotsanangudza zvakadzama maitiro ekutsigira zvinhu zvePC kuti zvibatanidze zvinogutsa nesisitimu. Iyo yakaunzwa zvakare mukosi ya2002.
- Black Panther: Iyi distro yakagadzirirwa Hungary muna 2002, yaive yakavakirwa paMandriva uye mugadziri wayo aive Charles Barcza. Kubva 2003, zvese zvadzo zvadzoserwa zvakauya nemazita anokwezva kutarisisa nekuda kwehukuru hwavo: Mumvuri, Rima, Kufamba Vakafa, Wakanyarara Muurayi, pakati pevamwe.
- PLD Linux: Iyi Distro idombo reDebian asi rakagadzirwa uye uye nevanhu vePoland. Iyi vhezheni inoshanda kune chero komputa, mutauro wayo wakanyanya chiPolish asi inogona zvakare kushandiswa muChirungu.
- Caixa Magica: Iyi distro chiPutukezi, ndosaka chiPutukezi chakanyanya. Kunyangwe iri yakafanana naDebian, saka maSUSE mapakeji akawedzerwa, imwe yazvino vhezheni inozivikanwa pasirese. Iyo yeruzhinji yekushandisa software uye haina chaiyo mirayiridzo yezvemberi zviitiko.
- Phayoune Akachengeteka Linux: Icho chimwe chevashoma Thai distros e Linux iyo yakaburitswa gore ra2002. Ine zvinhu zvikuru zvewebhu server, firewall uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvikuru zvakabatanidzwa nekuda kwemakambani zvinangwa. Yainyanya kuvakwa paFedora uye Linux kubva pakutanga. Inotsigira chero zvivakwa.
- ZVOKUDYA-PC: Iyo yakavhurika sosi software inopa akasiyana akasiyana mukana wekugadzira vatengi vatete kana nezvinangwa zvakakosha, kunyanya kune x86 zvimiro. Iyi distro iri kushanda kubvira 2002. Kuti uishandise iwe unofanirwa kuve nehurongwa hwekuziva uye uzive Linux.
- MontaVista Linux: Yakaburitswa muna 2002 uye yakavakirwa paKernel ye Linux. Iyi distro inokutendera kuti iwe ugadzire akadzika masystem emidziyo inowanzo shandiswa, semuenzaniso, nharembozha processor.
- eClinux: Iyi distro inotibvumidza isu kutakura iyo Kernel ye Linux kumakomputa asina memory memory. Icho chirongwa chakadzamirwa che Linux, uye inobatsira kernel kushanda pamafoni, maDVD, maPods, uye isinganzwisisike microprocessor.
- BioLinux: Iyo yakasimba kwazvo distro nemaraibhurari makuru epurogiramu, yakaburitswa muna 2002.
- GeexBox: A minimalist distro kubva linux, Yakavambwa muna 2002 uye chinangwa chayo yaive yekushandura iyo pc kuita multimedia player.
- mindi Linux: Iyi distro inotipa mukana wekugadzira mifananidzo yebhoti yemakomputa kubva kuma cores avo.
- Floppyfw: Iyi distro inoshanda kumisikidza iyo firewall mumadiki emakambani network. Yakabuda muna 2002.
- Dyne Bolic: Iyi distro inotarisana nekutamba kwemultimedia, yakafanana neGeexBox.
- LTSP: Iyo distro ine akasiyana akasiyana mapakeji ayo anotibvumidza isu kuti tiite Linux pamakomputa madiki emagetsi.
Mamwe maDistros e Linux izvo hazvigone kusiiwa pasina kutaura ndezvi: Fedora, Cent OS, PC Linux OS, iyo yakaburitswa pakati pa2002 na2003.
Kana iwe wawana ichi chinyorwa chinobatsira, usazeze kushanyira yedu inoenderana chinyorwa linux maficha