Munyaya inotevera, tichakupa system software mienzaniso nemhando dzadzo, kuti iwe ugone kunzwisisa zvakadzama nezvazvo.
System Software Mienzaniso
MaSystem software anoita basa rakakosha kana uchishandisa komputa kana nharembozha, nekuti pasina ivo komputa sezvatinoziva haina zvazvinoreva kana mashandiro. Pano tinogona kukuratidza zvimwe masystem software mienzanisoAsi kutanga zvakakosha kuti unzwisise zvavari, zvavari, uye zvavakagadzirwa.
Naizvozvo, software iseti yezvirongwa uye maitiro anobvumidza komputa kana nharembozha kuita mamwe mabasa; Ivo vanoshanda kubatana neanoshanda system uye nekudaro vanokwanisa kuidzora zviri nyore kuburikidza neayo Hardware. Komputa isina software haigadzirike.
System software kana zvakare inonzi base Software, inoumbwa neyekushandisa system, madhiraivha (macontroller) nemaraibhurari, ayo anobatsira zvese pamwechete kuti zvishande zvakakwana.
Kupfupisa, software ndeyekutanga kune manejimendi yekombuta, ndiko kuti chero chirongwa chinogadzirwa nesoftware, nekuti inobvumidza iko kushanda kuti iite uye kuita mabasa anodikanwa kwairi. Izvozvi zvatine izvi zvakajeka, tinogona kukuzivisa iwe kune vamwe Sisitimu software mienzaniso:
Fedora Linux
Iyo inoshanda sisitimu kubva kuLinux, inozivikanwa kuva yakachengeteka uye yakasimba kwazvo. Iyi sisitimu ine vashanduri vazhinji vanobvumidza maBhaibheri maviri matsva kuburitswa gore rega rega, ayo ane inoshamisa nhau mumabasa uye maficha eiyo system.
Fedora inozivikanwa seinonyanya kushandiswa pakati peLinux vhezheni, kunyange ichikwanisa kutamba zvishoma ichipesana nenyaya yekuti haienderane nemamwe mapurogiramu nemaapplication.
ubuntu Linux
Ichi ndicho chimwe chei System Software mienzaniso iyo yakavakirwa paLinux. SaFedora, yakanyatsogadzikana uye yakachengeteka, asi ine kuwiriraniswa kwakawanda kwezvirongwa uye kunyorera, inogamuchirawo maviri anovandudzwa ekuvandudzwa pagore, izvi zvinoitika muna Kubvumbi naGumiguru.
Microsoft Windows
Kuve yakajairika uye inoshandiswa sisitimu pasirese, yakagadzirwa neMicrosoft. Yakatanga kukura isina kumira muma90s, kuburikidza neshanduro yayo yekutanga, yakagadzirwa muna 1985.
Windows ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoita kuti ive imwe yeanoshanda masystem, asi zvakare ine zvimwe zvinhu zvinoonekwa sezvakanyanya kunaka, sekutyisidzira kukuru kwemarware. Saizvozvo, makambani, vashandisi vega nemasangano havazeze kuishandisa.
Android
Iyo inozivikanwa nekuzivikanwa kwayo kukuru, ichiva imwe Software System mienzaniso inonyanya kushandiswa pasi rose, nemamirioni evashandisi pane nhare mbozha, neApple yeApple semakwikwi makuru.
Android inonzi yemahara inoshanda sisitimu ine akawanda mabasa, ayo zvakare ane hombe yekushandisa chitoro pamusika, ichitsigirwa neGoogle, imwe yemakambani makuru mumunda wezve tekinoroji.
Android ndiyo imwe yemienzaniso yeSystem Software, asi iwe unoda kuziva zvakawanda nezve chii chinonzi Android? Kana iwe uchida kuve neruzivo rwakawanda, tinokukoka iwe kuti uone vhidhiyo inotevera:
vatyairi
Ivo havazivikanwe nemazita akanyoreswa, ivo vanongomiririrwa chete neiyo marangi iyo yavo, muenzaniso wakajeka kwazvo, ndeye AMD kana zvasvika kumakadhi emifananidzo zvakare ASUS yemamaboardboard, kana iyo inozivikanwa HP yemaprinta uye zvishongedzo.
Bhatani Mamaneja
Iyo inowedzerwa neese mashandiro masystem, iwo anotyairwa nepakati unit inobvumidza iyo yese inoshanda sisitimu kuve yakagadzirirwa kutanga. Izvi hazviwanzo kutakura zita, kunyangwe isu tine nyaya yaGrub, inova bootloader inosanganisirwa neLinux uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa..
glibc
Iwo raibhurari inoshandiswa zvakanyanya neLinux, inozivikanwa kwazvo sezvo mazhinji emapurogiramu anoshanda mukati meiyo sisitimu yekushandisa ari, sekutaura, mumaoko mawo. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kumabasa akakosha mazhinji uye pamusoro pezvose kugadzira system yekufona.
GNOME
Inodaidzwa kuti inobatsira graphical interface kune akawanda maLinux zvigadzirwa, iri nyore uye nyore kushandisa interface, kunyangwe ichionekwa seisingaenderane, kune vashandisi vatsva. Shanduro 3.0 yakaunza kukakavara kwakawanda, nei yaive neyakagadziriswa zvizere desktop.
Bash
Ndiwo mutauro wechirongwa, asi zvakare iri yekuraira mutsara interface, inozivikanwa kushandiswa muLinux uye Unix nehunyanzvi nzira yekutarisa pamhando dzakasiyana dzemabasa pane system. Izvi zvinoshanda sehwindo uko maodha anogona kunyorwa uye chichava pamusoro pekududzira nekuaita.
MacOS
Iyo inoshanda sisitimu yakagadzirwa neApple, sekune makomputa, uye anoshandiswa chete neMac chigadzirwa mutsetse.Iyo sisitimu ine zvakawanda maficha uye kusanganisa, kubva pakombuta kuenda kune laptop; Izvi zvakaburitswa muna 2001, uye kubvira ipapo yakave inozivikanwa kwazvo, asi panguva imwechete, inodhura.
BlackBerryOS
Iyo mobile mobile system, yakagadzirwa neBlackBerry, ino sisitimu inobvumidza kushandiswa kwemabasa akawanda uye ine rutsigiro rwemhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa, yakashandisirwa kushandiswa kwema touch touch. Yakagadziriswa mukunopera kwema90's, yakave inozivikanwa kwazvo nekutendera mukana weemail uye webhu kubhurawuza.
Unix
Iyi ndeimwe ye system software mienzaniso isinganyanyo kuzivikanwa, iyo ine zita reUnix, yakagadziriswa pakupera kwema60s neboka revashandi veBell Laboratory, iyo iri sisitimu inoshanda, ivo vanopa multitasking uye multuser sevhisi.
Solaris
Kunyangwe isinga zivikanwe seyavo vambotaurwa, iyi ndeimwe yeiyo System Software mienzaniso Kuva yemhuri yeUnix, ndeimwe yeanonyanyo kuzivikanwa mubhizinesi renyika uye inozivikanwa kuva imwe yeyakagadzikana.
linux mint
Iyo inoshanda sisitimu yakavakirwa paUbuntu, inovavarira kupa mushandisi chimiro chazvino uye chakanakisa mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika interface. Iyo inokwanisa kutsigira akasiyana mafomati uye makodhi, pamwe nekuve nemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzemahara uye dzakavhurika sosi yekushandisa.
HP-UX
Yakagadzirwa naHewelett-Packard, iri sisitimu inoshanda inoramba ichigadziridzwa iyo inopa yakasimba uye yakagadzikana inoshanduka nharaunda yebasa nharaunda inotsigirawo hombe nhamba yezvishandiso kubva kumavara edhitaini kune yakaoma graphic dhizaini zvirongwa.
Mhando dzeSystem Software
Iyi mienzaniso yesystem kana base base yakarongedzwa mukati meakasiyana macomputer seti uye magumo senge boot loaders, command line interfaces, graphical interfaces uye BIOS. Tevere, tinokuratidza izvo chimwe nechimwe chiri nezve:
Operating Systems
Ivo vanomiririrwa nekuve iyo huru seti yesoftware yechinhu, iyo inotsanangudza sarudzo dzatinogona kuita nadzo. Ndo izvo zvinotibvumidza kupindirana kuburikidza nevatyairi uye Hardware, kutipa isu simba rekushandisa komputa kana nhare mbozha.
Kusvika kumacomputer, ese ari maviri desktop uye laptop, Microsoft yeWindows ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa pasirese, nepo Google's Android sisitimu yekushandisa ichishandiswa nharembozha nemapiritsi. Kunyangwe paine mamwe akawanda, akadai seMacOS, Linux, Unix, pakati pevamwe.
Vatyairi kana vatyairi
Izvi zvinoguma musisitimu kunyatso kuratidza Hardware uye nekudaro kuishandisa kuburikidza nayo. Muenzaniso uri nyore kwazvo ndowatinobatanidza mbeva nyowani, kana purinda, izvi zvinongoerekana zvaisa mamwe mafaera anonzi madhiraivha, ayo anotendera izvo zvekushandisa kuti zvishandiswe, kunyangwe dzimwe nguva zvichikosha kuita kumisikidza nemaoko kuburikidza neCD kana kurodha pasi faira. muInternet.
Zvitoro zvebhuku
Iwo anodanwawo kunzi maraibhurari, iwo ari akajairwa seti yemabasa ayo anoita kuti zvive nyore kune iyo inoshanda sisitimu yekunyora uye kududzira makodhi, nenzira iyi inotipa mukana wekuvhura maforodha uye kutiratidza mafaera atinokumbira.
Aya maraibhurari kazhinji haadi kutanga, nekuti iwo anotungamirirwa nhevedzano yemirairo uko inogara ichiwanika kushandisa sekureba sekuiswa kwayo. Dzinogona kushandiswa nezvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana kutsanangura mhedzisiro yekupedzisira yedudziro yekodhi, kuitira kuvhura uye kuratidza chero faira.
Bhuti maneja
Izvo hazvisi kuganhura kuti ndeipi sisitimu yekushandisa isu yatichatanga pane chero chishandiso, nekuti mamiriro acho ndeokuti anopfuura imwe chete akaiswa. Inodaidzwa nenzira iyi nekuti kana mudziyo wabatidzwa, zvinoita sekutipa simba rekusarudza maitiro atinoda.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti sekureba sekunge paine chete imwechete sisitimu yekushandisa yakaiswa, iyo bootloader haizoonekwe, kunyangwe izvi hazvireve kuti yako yekushandisa system haina iyo, inongotsvaga kungozvisarudzira yega.
Graphic inowanikwa
Inowanikwa seyakakwana sisitimu yekushandisa iyo inogona kana inogona kunge isipo, basa rayo guru nderekuti iri nyore kushandisa, iri nyore kudyidzana nayo, uye kazhinji inofadza kwazvo ziso. Iyo inozivikanwa nekuchengetedza yakanangana kubiridzira nemushandisi, saka vazhinji vanosarudza kushandisa iyi interface kupfuura yekuraira tambo.
Raira mutsara interface
Imwe nzira yekubvumidza mushandisi kudyidzana nechavo mudziyo inyaradzo apo mushandisi anogona kugadzira akasiyana akateedzana emirairo kuti awane hwakawanda hwesarudzo dzakakumbirwa. Iyi interface yave iripo kubva pakagadzirwa makomputa, ichibatsira mushandisi kuita mabasa.
Bios
Icho chidimbu chakakosha chekushanda kwesoftware, iyo inobatsira kutanga uye kutsanangura kana ichingozvisarudzira yega sisitimu yekushandisa kana kuenda yakananga kune bhutsu maneja. Iyo inogara ichibatanidzwa mune chero chishandiso, iyo isiri chikamu cheinoshanda system.
Zvishandiso zvekuziva
Kuongorora kushanda kweiyo Hardware, akateedzana software kana zvirongwa zvinowanikwa mune ye RAM ndangariro, processor, network makadhi, pakati pevamwe, anoshandiswa; Ivo vakapiwa basa rekuona musina kutsetseka dhata.
Kugadzirisa uye optimization maturusi
Ivo vane basa rekugadzirisa software kuti iwedzere kushanda kwayo kana kushandisa mashoma zviwanikwa. Kazhinji kumapurogiramu emakomputa, iwo anowanzo kuve akagadziridzwa kuti akwanise kushanda zvakanyanya, nekumhanyisa uye kuti ivo vanokwanisa kushanda vane mashoma memory uye / kana simba rekushandisa.
Servers
Ivo vari kumhanya software iyo inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa uye zvikumbiro zvemushandisi uye kupindura zvinoenderana. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa pane zvese zvishandiso kunyangwe pamakomputa akazvipira anonzi "The Server" kana "Servers".
Ivo vanokwanisa kupa akasiyana uye akawanda masevhisi pane imwechete komputa, pamusoro pekuve uine akati wandei maseva anomhanya. Iwo mukana wakakura maererano nekuchengeteka, nekuti iwo akatsiga zvakanyanya.
Software budiriro nzira
Software methodologies chimiro chekuronga akateedzana ezviitiko kana maitiro mukugadzirwa kweiyo ruzivo system; Idzi nzira dzakashanduka pamusoro pemakore uye dzinogona kuwanikwa kazhinji mukomputa yenyika. Tinogona kutaura zvinotevera:
Mapopoma kana "Cascada"
Imwe yekutanga nzira dzekuvandudza software yaive Waterfall, inonziwo "mapopoma", inoumbwa nhevedzano yemirairo inoenda nhanho nedanho, ichizadzikiswa zvakaringana, pasina kusvetuka chero yadzo.
Mushandisi anoona zvinodiwa uye ozoenda kune dhizaini dhizaini, kuti aone nzira iyo ichaitwa, zvino inosimbiswa uye pakupedzisira mabasa ekugadzirisa anoitwa.
Iyo inozivikanwa nekuve neinofungidzira nzira. Yakagadzirwa muma 70s uye parizvino ichiri kushandiswa mune mamwe mamiriro, inoonekwa senzira yakachengeteka asi inodaidzira nekufamba kwenguva, ichitadza kukurumidza kuendesa.
Asi nzira iyi yakazove nemakakatanwa akati wandei, senzira yekuvandudza software ichinonoka, chirongwa ichi chine mhosho kana kuti hachikwanise kuzadzisa zvinodiwa neichi, mukuwedzera icho chinotanga kutanga, izvo zvinounza kunonoka kwakawanda.
Iterative kana kuwedzera muenzaniso
Mumakumi masere makumi masere iterative kana yekuwedzera modhi yakatanga, senge Spiral, RAD neRUP, nzira dzese idzi dzakafanana muenzaniso unoratidzira kuwedzera kwemabasa, vachizvipira kuenda nhanho nhanho, asi rimwe nerimwe remabasa aya rinoitwa mune yakapihwa nguva uye iwe unogona kuona kushamwaridzana kudiki pakati pavo.
Iyi modhi yakavakirwa paWallfall modhi, asi neiyo iterative uzivi, nekudaro, ine akawanda mapoinzi akafanana neiyi modhi, asi izvi zvinoshandiswa kakawanda. Tinogona kukuratidza mimwe mienzaniso:
Spiral Models
Kupesana neiyo "Cascada" modhi, iyo inopa kurongeka kwakasimba, inopa (zvichibva pakudonha kwemvura kudonha) mashandiro ari nani, nekuti inoratidza kuwirirana kwemabasa mune zvinokurumidza prototypes, hukuru hwakafanana uye kuitika mune zviitiko zvekugadzira uye kugadziriswa. yemapurojekiti.
RAD
Chinangwa chayo ndechekupa mhedzisiro uye inokurumidza mhedzisiro, inoitirwa kupa akakwana masisitimu ekuvandudza, uye yakagadzirirwawo kukwidziridzira kukodzera kweiyo yose software yekuvandudza maitiro. Pakati pezvakanaka zvaro, zvakatanhamara ndeizvi:
- Pedzisa zvese kubva mugadziriro yekuvandudza zvisina basa.
- Shandira mutengi nekukurumidza.
- Kurudzira mhinduro kubva kune vatengi vako kuvandudza mashandiro ako.
Agile Kubudirira Model
Mune ma90's, iyo Agile Development Model yakatanga nekuda kwekuita kunopesana nemaitiro apfuura uye akatorwa. Iyi modhi inopa kushanduka uye kugona kana uchiita basa, kazhinji makambani anosarudza iyi nzira nekuti zviri nyore kwavari kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvakatemwa. Pano tinokuratidza mhando dzakakurumbira:
Scrum
Nzira inonyanya kufarirwa inowanikwa mune ino modhi iScrum, inowanzoonekwa seinonyanya kushandiswa mumusika nekuda kwekugona kwayo kukuru uye nekumhanyisa mumhedzisiro yekupedzisira. Vanhu vanotevera vanoita nenzira iyi:
- Chigadzirwa Muridzi: Tsanangura mabasa anofanira kuitwa uye taura izvi kuchikwata.
- Dare rekuvandudza: Mapurogiramu, maTesters, Dhatabhesi, pakati pevamwe.
- Scum Master: Ndiye anotarisira kutsanangura, zvichibva pane zvakaedzwa nechikwata, chimwe chazvo uye kuzadzisa chinangwa chakamisikidzwa.
Yakanyanya programming nzira (xp)
Inotariswa seyakagwinya software mainjiniya maitiro. Parizvino inozivikanwa se XP (eXtreme Programming) nzira, inoshandiswa kunyanya kudzivirira kuvandudza mabasa asina basa, inomiririra kutarisa kwayo uye kugona mumapurojekiti akaomarara, kunyangwe zvichikwanisika kujekesa mapurojekiti akadaro izvo zvinotora nguva yakawanda.
Inotapukira Software
Haasi ese software anobatsira kugona uye nekukurumidza kwekombuta. Vamwe vanogona kukanganisa komputa nehutachiona pasina mushandisi kuziva; Aya ma softwares anonzi mavhairasi emakomputa, kana malicious software (malware), anongoda kukanganisa hurongwa hwekushandisa.
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzehutachiona hwemakomputa dzinoiswa muzvinzvimbo maererano nekwavanowanikwa, kwayakatangira, kana kukuvara kune inoshandisa system. Mamwe acho ndeaya:
- Mavhairasi anorwisa ndangariro yekombuta uye anoshandiswa kana sisitimu yekushandisa yatanga.
- Tungamira chiito mavhairasi, ayo anozvidzokorodza pachawo kana aurayiwa, achikanganisa mafaira mune dhairekitori.
- Nyora hutachiona; Izvi zvinodzima ruzivo rwese rwakachengetwa nekunyora pamusoro pemafaira.
- Bhoot virus, iyo inokanganisa bhutsu yeiyo hard disk.
- Macroviruses, izvi zvinokanganisa mafaera ane ekuwedzera seDOC, XLS, MDB, uye PPS.
- Polymorphic virus, ayo akavharirwa muhurongwa, zvichiita kuti zviome kuti antivirus ivaone.
- Mavhairasi eFAT, anodzivirira kupinda kune zvimwe zvikamu zve hard disk saka hazvibvumidze iwe kuvhura mafaera.
- Sequence mavhairasi, anowanikwa mune zvinongedzo uye mapeji ewebhu, anoitirwa kukanganisa hurongwa hwese.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva nezve hutachiona hunogona kukanganisa komputa yako, tinokukoka kuti uverenge chinyorwa chinotevera: Utachiona hutanhatu hunotyisa munhoroondo.