Iinguqulelo zamagama ngexesha leminyaka!

ILizwi yinkqubo eyenze ukuba ubomi bube lula kwizigidi zabantu emhlabeni kwaye ukubhala okunokwenzeka ngaphambili kuphela kusetyenziswa oomatshini bokuchwetheza kunokwenziwa namhlanje. Ukusukela oko yasungulwa nguMicrosoft, iphucule ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo Iinguqulelo zamagama, Bazi bonke ngokufunda eli nqaku linomdla.

Iinguqulelo zamagama

Esi sicelo ngoku siyinxalenye yeenkqubo zeOfisi yeMicrosoft, isuti okanye iqonga lekhompyutha elibandakanya izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zedesktop. Ukuvela kwayo okokuqala kwakungo-1989 kumatshini weMac emva koko ngo-1990 kwiWindows. Ukusukela ngoko yaziwa ngegama likaMicrosoft Word kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye izigidi zabantu zixhamle kwindlela idatha eqhutywa ngayo.

Umvelaphi

Inguqulelo yokuqala yayinombulelo wayo kuCharles Simonyi noRichard Brodie, ababengabasebenzi beXerox, yaqala ukuyilwa ngo-1981, kodwa ukuthengiswa kwayo kwaqala ngo-1983 kwaye kwathiwa igama leLizwi 1.0 kwiinkqubo ze-Xebix kunye ne-MS-DOS iinkqubo zokusebenza. Ezinye iinguqulelo zavela emva kwazo kodwa azizange zibonwe ngabasebenzisi.

Kwakunenkqubo yokusebenza yeWindows ukuba ngo-1989 yaqala ukuphunyezwa ngezixhobo ezingcono zokusebenza nayo. Ngo-1990 babesele benenguqulo 3.0 yeWindows, apho iLizwi laqala ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo enkulu, kancinci kancinci iinkonzo ziye zaphuculwa zada zaba yiOfisi.

Inkqubo ikwazile ukwenza imisebenzi yabantu ekufuneka bayile, bahlele, bajonge kwaye babelane ngeefayile ngokulula, le nkqubo isetyenziswa ngababhali, intatheli, abaphathi beeprojekthi kunye nabani na okwangoku ekufuneka ebhale okanye ebhala amaxwebhu.

Indaleko yeLizwi

Ngohlobo ngalunye lwayo luzisa utshintsho olutsha kunye nophuculo, kunye nokubandakanya imisebenzi emitsha, eyenza ukuba ibe sisixhobo esifanelekileyo kwabo bakwintsimi yeeprosesa zamagama. Xa yayiqala ukusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ze-MS-DOS, yayine-Word version 1.0 kwaye ngale nkqubo yokusebenza yafikelela kuhlobo lwe-6.0.

U-Microsoft weza kwenza iinguqulelo ezininzi ngaphandle kwe-13, u-12 waphuma ngo-2007 kwaye uhlaziyo olulandelayo lwaluyi-14 ngo-2010. . Kwangokunjalo, nenguqulelo yeMac yeOfisi kaMicrosoft ka-13 ayikho kwiikhompyuter, kodwa ukuba ucinga ngokuyazisa ukuba isetyenziswe kuphela kwizixhobo eziphathwayo.

Iinguqulelo zeLizwi ze-MS-DOS

I-MS-DOS sisichazi seNkqubo yokuSebenza kweDiski yeMicrosoft, inkqubo yeMicrosoft esebenza ngokusekwe kwisicatshulwa. I-MS-DOS iqale nge-1.0 kwaye ineenguqulelo ezili-9 zizonke, kodwa yaqala ukubekwa endaweni yenkqubo yeWindows. Kule nkqubo ayinamkeli kangako ngokusebenza ngokusekwe kwiLizwi eligqibeleleyo:

• Igama 1 1983: yayiyeyokuqala ukuba ithengiswe ngenkqubo ye-MS-DOS kwiikhompyuter ze-IBM, yayisebenzisa uhlobo lwemizobo yohlobo lweWYSIWYG, kwaye abasebenzisi babenokubona ifomathi kwiscreen ngelixa babethayipha, kodwa le fomathi yayinomda kakhulu. Ukuba yeyokuqala, ayizange yamkelwe kakhulu ngabasebenzisi kuba ayinayo imisebenzi emininzi kwaye ngokusisiseko amanqaku aphambili kuye kwafuneka ukuba kusetyenzwe kuwo kwi-Notepad okanye kwi-TexEdit. Abasebenzisi balo nyaka bakhetha ukusebenzisa i-WordStar, iMultimate kunye neLizwi eligqibeleleyo.
• Ilizwi 2 1985: kugcinwa imisebenzi esisiseko kunye neyokuqala. IMicrosoft ngelo xesha yayijolise ikakhulu kwinkqubo yokusebenza eyayiyiflegi kuloo nyaka yayineentengiso ezininzi ngaphakathi kwintengiso.
• ILizwi 3 1986: eyaziwa njengeLizwi 3.0 inguqulelo, engakhange igcine intengiso elindelweyo yemveliso inyuka, ithathelwa ingqalelo kuba iphumeze ezinye izinto ezinje ngokufakwa kwemizobo yemibala ye-CGA kunye ne-IBM EGA, ukongeza iindlela zombhalo nge-EGA.
• ILizwi 4 1987: yayiyinguqulo ye-IBM engu-4.0 eyayizisa iKhadi leMizobo elitsha, ke ngoko yavumela ukwenza ubumbeko lombhalo, yayisekwe ekusetyenzisweni kwesicelo seWindows 2.x (iMicrosoft Pageview) apho ungabona khona kwangaphambili kwaye wenze Iimpawu ezibonakalayo.
• ILizwi 5 1989: le nguqulo yaqala ukuseka ukusetyenziswa kwemowudi yemizobo, kodwa ubumbeko kufuneka lwenziwe kwikhadi layo lemizobo emva koko lwenze inkcazo yemowudi yevidiyo eyayinqwenelwa, de kwaba ngulo nyaka apho iMicrosoft Word yayiyinkqubo ukusebenza kwesicelo se-DOS.
• ILizwi 5.1 1991: le yayiyiminyaka yokugqibela yokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo ye-MS-DOS, yayingenabo ubuchule obuninzi, kuphela kwimowudi yemizobo kunye notshintsho oluthile kujongano.
• ILizwi 6.8 1993: yayiyeyokugqibela kwiinguqulelo zolu hlobo lweprosesa yamagama ye-MS-DOS, kwaye igcina imeko efanayo neenguqulelo zangaphambili, kodwa ngayo bazama ukusebenzisa ezinye izicelo ezinokuvumela ukubumba Inkqubo entsha ethi kamva ibandakanywe kwiinkqubo zokusebenza zale mihla.

Iinguqulelo zeMicrosoft yeWindows

Kwiinkqubo ezisebenza ngeWindows, iOfisi kaMicrosoft ezenzekelayo ibe yeyona nto ibubutyebi bayo kwaye ayizange ivele kule nkqubo yokusebenza de kwaba yiminyaka emithandathu ikhutshiwe:

• ILizwi 1989: kulo nyaka iLizwi lokuqala lakhutshelwa iinkqubo zeWindows 1.0 kunye ne-2.0, lalisebenza ngemeko yemizobo ekulula ukuyiphatha, kodwa ukuthengisa akuzange kulunge kuba ezinye iintlobo zeeprosesa zamagama bezisetyenziswa. Olona hlobo lutsha lwaluyilo lokubandakanya ibar yesixhobo, ibhokisi yencoko yababini kunye nenketho yokubandakanya imifanekiso.

• ILizwi leWindows 3.0: oku kwavela ngo-1990 emva kokwenziwa kweenguqulelo kwiikhompyuter zakho, apho ukuphuculwa kwabekwa kwindawo yokuhlangana ukuze isebenze kwimizobo engabandakanyi isicatshulwa kuphela, kungoko kuphehlelelo iLizwi likwazile ukuba neshishini lokukhula kufuneka ukuzinzisa kwintengiso.
• ILizwi leWindows 2.0: yaphuma ngo-1991 yokuhlaziya iMicrosoft Office 3.0, kwaye le yaba yenye yeenkampani eziphambili ekuhlaziyweni kweenkqubo zokusebenza yeWindows. Ukusukela ngoko ibiyinxalenye ephambili yeenkqubo zokuzenzekelayo zeofisi, ishiya ngasemva ukhuphiswano lwayo olomeleleyo, iLizwi eligqibeleleyo.
• ILizwi leWindows 6: lisusela ngo-1993, kwaye kukho umahluko okhoyo kwiinguqulelo kuba inkampani ifuna ukuvumelanisa amanani ohlaziyo lwayo kunye neenguqulelo zenkqubo nganye ye-DFOS, MAC kunye neWindows, phakathi kwabo abazame ukukhangela iifom zokujongana.
• Ngohlobo luka-1993, uphuculo lwenziwe kwiscreen kwaye ibar yesixhobo yongezwa emazantsi, kubandakanya izixhobo ezisi-8 ezitsha, kubandakanya imenyu yokuqulathiweyo, icandelo loNcedo, itafile yencoko yababini kunye noMncedisi weOfisi. Funda ukuba njani Ishedyuli yemisebenzi kwiWindows ngendlela elula kakhulu.
• Windows 95 Igama: ukusukela kule nguqulo ukuya phambili, unyaka wenguqulo nganye ubekwa esiphelweni ukususa ungqamaniso lwangaphambili. Le nguqulo yowe-1995 yayiza kuba yinguqulelo engu-7.0, apho ingathethi kuphela ngeprosesa yamagama elula ekwaziyo ukwazisa izixhobo ezongezelelekileyo ezili-9, ikwanazo nezixhobo zokuzoba, inkxaso yolwimi, ispell checker, kwaye yayiqukiwe kwiphakheji yeOfisi.

• ILizwi 97: uhlaziyo kule nguqulo luzise umncedisi omtsha "Clippy", ethi kubasebenzisi abaninzi ibe yingxaki kunokuba ibe yinto entsha, yayi luhlobo lwesoftware mascot eyaqhubeka ikhutshwa kwiinguqulelo zangaphambili kude kube ngo-2002, ihlala Yenzelwe ukuba ilungelelaniswe neemeko zabasebenzisi. Ikwazise inkqubo entsha ebizwa ngokuba yiVisual BASIC kwizicelo zeVBA ezazisetyenziswa de kwaba liLizwi 2016 ababefuna ukwandisa ngalo imisebenzi yeOfisi yesuti kunye nokwenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzekelayo.
• ILizwi 2000: yeyokugqibela kwiinguqulelo ezazineWindows 95 kwaye kunye nayo zazisa izixhobo ezitsha ezingama-23, phakathi kwazo iOfisi eyiyo yeNzuzo yafakwa, inkqubo eyenziweyo yiMicrosoft yokuthintela izenzo zobuqhetseba, yayikwasetyenziselwa ukuvumela ukusetyenziswa kweekopi ezisemthethweni kunye nohlaziyo olutsha kwiwebhusayithi yeofisi.

Ezinye iinguqulelo ngakumbi

• ILizwi 2003: kulo nyaka kwaye le nguqulo yaqala ukubizwa ngegama leMicrosoft Office Word, ukuyenza icace into yokuba le nkqubo yeyama-aplikeshini ezenzekelayo yeofisi yale nkampani kwaye iyinxalenye yenkqubo edibeneyo kunye neenkqubo ze-Excel, PowerPoint, Access kunye nabanye. Yayinezixhobo ezongezelelweyo ezingama-32, yayihlanganisa ipaneli yomsebenzi, yongeza iilebheli kunye neminye imiyalelo eyanceda abasebenzisi ukuba benze iintshukumo. Yazi ifayile ye Imbali yePowerPoint.
• ILizwi 2007: emva kweminyaka emi-4 uhlaziyo olutsha lwenziwa kwinkqubo, phakathi kwayo kuyilo lweRibbon yomsebenzisi yomdibaniso ocacileyo, iribhoni enokujongwa phezulu kwaye apho zonke izixhobo zahlelwa khona, kunye nayo Umsebenzisi wayenokuba nayo umsebenzi ongcono ujongano kuba ufumene imisebenzi ngokukhawuleza kwaye endaweni enye ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imiyalelo, ukongeza ukongeza ifomathi yefayile yeXML.
• ILizwi 2010: Iribhoni ihleli kule nguqulelo kodwa izixhobo zayo ziphuculwe, kubandakanya ukuba ezinye iifomathi zefayile zinokwabelwana ngazo kunye nolunye uhlaziyo kumbonakalo womsebenzisi, ukuhambelana okwandisiweyo kwiinkqubo zokusebenza zeWindows XP SP3, Windows Vista SP1 kunye neWindows 7.

• ILizwi 2013: le nkqubo, emva kweminyaka emininzi yile isasetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi, ukubonakala kwayo kwakuququzelelwe ngakumbi kwaye kugxile kwilifu, Oko kukuthi, amaxwebhu agcinwa kwi-OneDrive, yongezwa indlela entsha yemowudi yokufunda , imisebenzi yokukhangela ikholamu yongezwa, kuvulwa iifayile kwifomathi yePDF kwaye ingxelo yenziwe ukuba isetyenziswe kwizixhobo eziphathwayo.
• ILizwi 2016: Nangona yaphuma ngo-2015, yayingenabo ubuchule obutsha obenza ukuba ibonakale, kodwa ukuba iphucule leyo yayisetyenziswa kakhulu, yongeza ezinye iithebhu ukuyenza yahluke kwinguqulelo yangaphambili. Inemiba yeplatlatform egcinwe kwilifu evumela ukuhlelwa kwamaxwebhu ngabasebenzisi abohlukeneyo ukuba babe nenkqubela phambili ngexesha lokwenyani.
• Yongezwe uhlobo lwembali apho utshintsho olwenziwa khona luboniswa. Ikuvumela ukuba uvule kwaye uhlele iifayile kwifomathi yePDF ngokungathi uxwebhu lweLizwi kunye nezinye itemplate zongezwa kwabo benza iiprojekthi zobungcali.
• ILizwi 2019: le nguqulo yamva nje yeWindows ivelise iindaba ezininzi ezinje ngokufakwa kwepeni yedijithali, ukuhamba kumaphepha afana nencwadi, imiyalelo yokuguqulela, izixhobo zokufunda ezintsha, i-latex syntax yabo bathanda imathematics, umbhalo welizwi kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Iinguqulelo zeApple Macintosh

Inkampani yaseMacintosh yayingenazo iinkampani ezininzi ezaziphikisana ngelo xesha, ekuphela kwento eyayifuna ukuzibeka njengayo yayinguNisus Writer, njengeprosesa yamagama yokuqala eyasungulwa ngo-1989 kwaye yayineempawu ezininzi zeLizwi ezazikwazi ukuhlala de unyaka wama-2002.

• ILizwi leMacintosh ngo-1985: le ingangumbhalo wokuqala weLizwi kule nkqubo, babenenkangeleko ebabazekayo kunaleyo isetyenziswa yi-MS-DOS, ekhokelele ekubeni nabalandeli kunye nabasebenzisi ukongeza ekubeni ne-Apple yokuthengisa i-GUI kuye ukuze abe nokusebenza okungcono.
• I-Word Macintosh 1987: Ukugqitywa kwenziwa kunye neminye imisebenzi yasebenza nge-spell checker, yabonisa iphepha kwifomathi yesishwankathelo, amaphepha esitayile, ukujonga iphepha kwangaphambili, iisilabhili ezahluliweyo nokwenza ulwahlulo. Ukuba yinto entsha kulo nyaka, yathathelwa ingqalelo yiprosesa ehambele phambili, yayineenkcukacha ezimbalwa ezazineenguqulelo zamva (3.01 kunye no-3.02) eziguqulwe zalungiswa.
• ILizwi Macintosh 1989: kule nguqulelo yayiliLizwi 4, kunye nokuphuculwa kokujonga upelo, olusebenza ngengqondo ngakumbi kulwimi lwesiNgesi, lwalunomsebenzisi obenobuhlobo kwaye imisebenzi yongezwa njengombhalo okanye imizobo.
• ILizwi 5 leMacintosh: le nguqulo yonyaka ka-1991, le nkqubo yayisenezithintelo ezininzi kwaye inkqubela-phambili yayo yayingenakukhuphisana, eneneni abo bakhuphisana nabo ngqo i-WordStar kunye ne-Multimate bayigqwesa kakhulu kwimisebenzi, kodwa le ngxaki ikakhulu ibangelwa ziingxaki ebinazo IMicrosoft ukubeka izinto zayo ngokuchasene nokhuphiswano lwexesha.
• ILizwi 6 leMacintosh: Le nguqulo ineprosesa yamagama engcono, eyayingeyonto intsha kakhulu, kodwa isebenza ngokugqibeleleyo. Ujongano lubekwe kuyo olunokuthi luqatshelwe ngabasebenzisi ukusuka kumzuzu wokuqala abawusebenzisileyo.

• Igama 98 le-Macintosh: olu hlaziyo luka-1998 lolona khuphiswano lukhangeleka kakhulu kwiinguqulelo zeWindows, kodwa kule nguqulelo kunye nezo zilandeleyo, le nkqubo yaba semngciphekweni we-malware enokuthi izise ukuphazamiseka kumaxwebhu avelisiweyo, kuba le nguqulo iyekile ukuba Inkxaso yomsebenzisi.
• Igama 2000 kwiMacintosh: Yayiyiyo yokugqibela yeenguqulelo kwiinkqubo zokusebenza kweMacintosh ngaphambi kokuba ibizwe ngokuba yi-MacOS. Eyona nto intle ngayo kukuba yayisisiseko sokwenza iikhompyuter ezintsha zeMac, kwaye inkampani yenza ezitsha. Iinguqulelo zamagama kolu hlobo lwenkqubo, yayiyinguqulelo yokuqala enokuphunyezwa kwendalo kwaye yaba sisicelo esithandwa kakhulu.
• I-2001 Word vX: yayiyinguqulelo yokuqala yeMac OS X, inkqubo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa yiApple kwaye yayiyikhompyuter yokuqala yenkampani iMac, yayisisicelo sokuqala semveli esenziwe ngokukodwa kule nkqubo yokusebenza.

Iinguqulelo ezingakumbi

• Igama lika-2004 likaMacintosh: le ikopi echanekileyo yenguqulo yeLizwi 2003 eyayisebenzisa inkqubo yokusebenza yeWindows, iApple ngelo xesha yayiphuhlisa amaphepha, iprosesa yamagama yenkqubo ngokwayo kunye nabo babekuMthombo ovulekileyo woluntu babedala INeoOffice, inguqulelo entsha yeofisi, engenakususa ubunkokeli beLizwi kwiWindows.
• ILizwi 2008 kwiMacintosh: njengoko inguqulelo ka-2004 yayiphumelele kwihlabathi labasebenzisi benkqubo yokubhaliweyo kunye neenkqubo zeofisi, ikwazile ukuhlala isetyenziswa kangangeminyaka emi-4. Ngohlobo luka-2008, ugxininiso lwabekwa kujongano kunye neminye imisebenzi eyongezwayo evumela ukufikelela okungcono kunye nokuhlelwa kwamaxwebhu ayesenziwa.

• ILizwi 2012 leMacintosh: I-Samtware yayisele ilawula uninzi lwehlabathi ngoko ke iMicrosoft yagqiba kwelokuba yenze enye yazo ngokukhawuleza ukuba ingenele ukhuphiswano, le nguqulo yayineendlela ezintsha zokuzenzekelayo kunye nokufumana idatha kwakhona, kunye nendlela amaxwebhu anokuyenza ngayo. ayiyi kuhlelwa.
  Ubuchule bakhe obubalaseleyo kukubandakanya iividiyo ezikwi-intanethi kumaxwebhu kunye nokwabelana kwazo kwi-Intanethi ukuze amaqela okusebenza ayilelwe ukuzisebenzisa ngexesha lokwenyani.
• ILizwi 2016 leMacintosh: ukulandela umgca wenguqulo yangaphambili, akukho ziphuculo zininzi zenziweyo, kodwa kugxilwe ekubukekeni komboniso, ukongeza ujongano lomsebenzisi oluzenzekelayo ngentsha "Ufuna ukwenza ntoni?" Umsebenzi kwinkqubo . Yazi yonke Imbali yeThebhulethi.
• ILizwi 2019 leMacintosh: yeyokugqibela kwiinguqulelo, egcine ukwakheka komsebenzi ofanayo nangona kukho uphuculo: ibha yolwimi entsha yokuguqulela amagama kunye neetekisi ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba unonxibelelwano olwaneleyo lwe-Intanethi, imo yokufunda entsha apho unokwenza khona ngokwezifiso ujongano kunye nemixholo eyahlukeneyo, ukongeza imowudi emnyama kwabo bayithandayo.