I-EPROM: Uhlobo lweememori ezingazinzanga, ezinokucwangciswa nezinokucimeka.
Ufuna ukwazi yintoni imemori ye-EPROM? Ukho kwindawo elungileyo, kuba apha siza kukufundisa yonke into oyifunayo malunga nayo, ukusuka kwiintsingiselo zayo ukuya kwiimpawu zayo nangaphezulu.
Imemori ye-EPROM
Njengoko sisazi, ukuba ikhompyuter isebenze ngokufanelekileyo ifuna iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zememori, kodwa uyazi yintoni imemori ye-EPROM? Qhubeka ufunda, kuba kweli nqaku linomdla kunye nezinto ezintsha siza kukufundisa zonke iinkcukacha malunga nalo.
Yintoni imemori ye-EPROM?
Ngokomgaqo, ukwazi yintoni imemori ye-EPROM, kufuneka sazi ukuba lulwahlulo lweROM. Ke, sinayo into yokuba i-EPROM, isifinyezo se-Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, ayinakuguqulwa, icwangciswe kwaye inokucimeka.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nentsingiselo yememori yeROM, ndiyakumema ukuba ufunde inqaku elibizwa: Imemori yeROMInkcazo, umsebenzi, iimpawu kunye nokunye.
Ukongeza, inkumbulo ye-EPROM icwangciswe ngombane, emva koko, ulwazi lunokucinywa ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Emva koko, siza kukhankanya ezinye izinto ezahlula i-EPROM kwezinye iintlobo zememori.
Izixhobo
Njengoko besitshilo kwicandelo elidlulileyo yintoni imemori ye-EPROM, Olu hlobo lwenkumbulo aluguquguquki. Ke, unokugcina ulwazi olugcinwe ixesha elide; Ukongeza, ivumela ukuba ifundwe ngendlela engenamda.
Ukongeza, olu hlobo lweenkumbulo lufundwa kuphela kwaye lwenziwa ngokutsha ngombane, Oko kukuthi, idatha igcinwa ide imemori iphinde irekhodwe. Kule meko, kubalulekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba ukwenza uhlengahlengiso kwakhona akufuneki ukuba sikhuphe imemori kwibhodi yesekethe.
Ukongeza, i-EPROM inobungakanani obahlukeneyo kunye namandla; ezisusela kwii-byte ezingama-256 ukuya kwii-megabytes ezi-1. Kwelinye icala, imemori yeROM ifakwe ngaphakathi kwinxalenye yequartz ebonakalayo, apho ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kufikelela khona ngexesha lenkqubo yokucima ulwazi.
Ngokubhekisele kwindlela yokuqhagamshela iimodyuli kwinkqubo yebhasi, iyasynchronous, Oko kukuthi, akukho siginali yewotshi elawula ukusebenza kwesiseko sememori. Nangona kunjalo, olu nxibelelwano luqhutywa ngesilawuli okanye iadaptha yememori.
Inkqubo
Phakathi kwezinto ezisinceda siqonde yintoni imemori ye-EPROM, kufuneka sichaze ukuba injani inkqubo yayo. Ngale ndlela, kubalulekile ukuqaqambisa ukuba ukwenza olu hlobo lwenkqubo esiyifunayo, okokuqala, inkqubo ye-EPROM.
Okwesibini, sifuna uthotho lweempembelelo zombane ezinamandla ombane phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-25 volts. Kule meko, ezi ntsingiselo zisetyenziselwa isikhonkwane esikhethekileyo sememori ye-EPROM, kangangexesha elimalunga ne-50 millisecond.
Ngokufanayo, ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza i-EPROM, kufuneka sisete idilesi yolwazi. Kananjalo, kufuneka sichonge ungeniso lwedatha.
Kwelinye icala, i-EPROM iqulethe iseti yee-transistors ezisebenza njengeeseli zememori. Ngale ndlela, i-transistor nganye itshintsha imeko xa kusetyenziswa i-voltage kuyo ngexesha lenkqubo yenkqubo.
Ngokumalunga nomba wokugqibela, kufuneka sicacise ukuba imeko yokuqala yezi transistors icinyiwe, ngokuhambelana nomqondiso olinganayo olingana no-1.
Ukongeza, kuyimfuneko ukuqaqambisa ukuba le nto inokubakho kubukho besango elidadayo kwi-transistors nganye. Ke, intlawulo yombane ihlala isangweni ixesha elide, ivumela umxholo orekhodwe ukuba ugcinwe ngokusisigxina kwimemori ye-EPROM.
Ukusebenza
Eyona nto iphambili ekufuneka siyikhankanyile malunga nokusebenza kwememori ye-EPROM, kukuba iqala kuphela xa sibhale umxholo ngaphakathi kuyo. Emva koko, inyathelo elilandelayo kukufaka iyunithi ngaphakathi kwenkqubo, apho iya kuhlala isebenza njengesixhobo sokufunda ayikho enye into.
Ke, ngaphambi kokubeka inkumbulo ye-EPROM ekusebenzeni, kufuneka utshintshe imeko yokuqala yeeseli zolwazi. Ngamanye amagama, kufuneka sisebenzise i-voltage kuwo onke amajelo e-transistor kwizinto ze-semiconductor, ukwenzela ukuba isango eliphezulu lifumane isigxina esibi.
Ukongeza kule nto siyikhankanyileyo apha ngasentla, kufuneka sicacise ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuyikhupha imemori ye-EPROM yebhodi yesekethe apho ifakwe khona, kananjalo sinako ukuwuguqula umxholo wayo ukuba siyayifuna. Ngapha koko, ukuba kunjalo, inkqubo ilungile ngokuthe ngqo, njengoko kuchaziwe ngezantsi.
Usebenziso
Ukuqala kwinto yokuba i-EPROM lulwahlulo lwememori yeROM, sinesona sixhobo sayo siphambili sokwenza ikhompyuter ukuqala. Kananjalo nokubonelela ngezixhobo eziyimfuneko kulayisho lwenkqubo yokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwamacandelo eepheripherali.
Kwelinye icala, esona sicelo sikhulu solu hlobo lwenkumbulo lwenzeka kwiinkqubo ezilawulwa ngokuncinci okanye ngokuqhubekekayo. Ngale ndlela, i-EPROM iba yindawo apho kunokwenzeka ukugcina ulwazi ngendlela esisigxina, enje: iinkqubo zokusebenza, usetyenziso lweekhompyuter, iilwimi zenkqubo kunye neendlela.
Ukongeza, ndiyakumema ukuba ubukele le vidiyo ilandelayo, apho uya kufumana khona iinkcukacha malunga nokusetyenziswa kokufunda nokubhala imemori ye-EPROM kwicandelo leemoto.
Kule meko, kubalulekile ukuba ukhankanye ukuba umxholo esijolise kuwo uqukethe uthotho lweedatha ezigcinwe kwiiseli zolwazi. Ke, ezi seli ziqulethe iitransistors zerhafu yombane; ezothulwayo kwimveliso yefektri.
Isusiwe
Ngokucima inkumbulo ye-EPROM, into yokuqala ukukhankanywa kukuba ayinakwenziwa ngokuyinxenye. Oko kukuthi, nje ukuba senze isigqibo, kufuneka siqhubeke nokucima yonke into egcinwe kwimemori.
Ukwenza oku, sisusa imemori ye-EPROM kwinkqubo kwaye sicime umxholo weseli nganye ngokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Ngendlela, ihamba ngefestile yememori ye-quartz ide ifike kwindawo apho izinto ze-photo-conductive zikhona, kwaye yiyo loo nto ichithe isigxina esigcina i-transistor ivuliwe.
Kule meko, kubalulekile ukuba ukhankanye ukuba inkqubo echazwe apha ngasentla ibangela ukuba i-transistor icime, kwaye ixabiso layo elisengqiqweni liyatshintsha ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-1. yonke le nkqubo ingathatha imizuzu eli-2537 ukuya kwengama-10, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bememori.
Okokugqibela, emva kokucima ulwazi kunye nenkqubo entsha, siyakwazi ukubuyisela imemori ye-EPROM kwindawo yayo yoqobo okanye siyisebenzise kolunye usetyenziso oluyifunayo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ukusukela ngoko le nkumbulo isebenza kuphela njengeyunithi yokufunda kuphela.
Kule meko, kule vidiyo ilandelayo ungayibona indlela yokurekhoda imemori ye-EPROM, emva kokucima umxholo wayo.
Okuninzi
Ukusukela ekuzalweni kweenkumbulo ze-EPROM, uyilo lwazo luye lwavela. Ke, okwangoku, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kukufumana izixhobo ezineeseli zokugcina, ezinokulungiswa ngokukodwa.
Kule meko, ukuhanjiswa kwezi seli ezincinci kuthatha amagama ahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwimodeli ekuyo inkumbulo kusapho lwe-EPROM kuthotho lwama-2700. Ngale ndlela, sinamalungiselelo angaphakathi anokuchongwa njenge-2K x 8 kunye ne-8K x 8.
Ngokumalunga neyokugqibela, umzekelo, sinokuthi umbutho wangaphakathi weebhloko uhambelana ne-EPROM yemodeli 2764. Ngale ndlela, imatriki eyenza iiseli zokugcina ayibaleki ingcinga ehambelana nokudibanisa nokukhetha, phakathi kwabanye .
Ukongeza, le modeli yememori ye-EPROM ine-standard standard terminal, kunye ne-28-pin encapsulation. Kule meko, olu hlobo lwephakeji lwaziwa nje ngokuba yi-DIP, isifinyezo sePakethe ye-In-line ye-Dual, kwaye yeyakho ngaphezulu kwayo yonke into kuhlobo lwamalungiselelo abizwa ngokuba yiJEDEC-28.
Kwelinye icala, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yememori ye-EPROM, ngakumbi ngokubhekisele kwinqanaba levolthi elisetyenzisiweyo. Ke, sinokufumana iimodeli ezisebenza ngee-volts ze-12,5 volts (v), 13v, 21v kunye ne-25v.
Kule meko, kubalulekile ukuba ukhankanye ukuba konke kuxhomekeke kumenzi kunye nezinye izinto ezinxulumene nesixhobo ngasinye sememori ye-EPROM ekhoyo kwintengiso. Kwangokunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokurekhodwa kwedatha, apho zombini ixesha lokunyanzelwa kombane kunye nenqanaba lokuqonda elinxulunyaniswa neendlela zokusebenza ziyahluka.
Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga
Uncedo lokuqala ukukhankanya malunga nememori ye-EPROM kukukwazi ukuphinda usebenzise kwakhona amaxesha ngamaxesha njengoko kufuneka. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka sihlale siqinisekisa ukucima umxholo kunye nokurekhoda entsha.
Kwelinye icala, inkumbulo ye-EPROM imele inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwephesha, kuba iyasivumela ukuba siguqule okanye silungise ulwazi olurekhodwe kulo. Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lweenkumbulo luneengxaki ezithile, phakathi kwazo esinokuthi sikhankanye oku kulandelayo:
Inkqubo yokurekhoda umxholo ifuna isixhobo esikhethekileyo, esibizwa ngokuba yinkqubo ye-EPROM. Ngendlela efanayo, xa sifuna ukucima ulwazi, sijongana nenkqubo ecothayo, ende kwaye inzima, kuba phakathi kwezinye izinto kufuneka sikhuphe imemori kwibhodi yesekethe.
Okokugqibela, inkqubo yokususa umxholo ayivumeli ukutshintsha iibits ngokwahlukeneyo, ngokuchaseneyo, kufuneka sisuse yonke ibhloko yolwazi. Nangona kunjalo, ekuphenduleni le ngxaki, iinkumbulo ze-EEPROM zavela.
I-emulator yememori ye-EPROM
Inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji esinokuthi siyonwabele namhlanje, isikhokelele ekubeni sithethe malunga nobukho beemulators zeememori ze-EPROM. Ngendlela yokuba kuyimfuneko ukumisela zombini intsingiselo kunye nokusebenza okufanayo.
Ngokomgaqo, i-emulator yememori ye-EPROM sisixhobo esiyilelwe ukusebenzisana kunye nophuhliso lweesekethe ezilawulayo ezincinci okanye ii-microprocessors, kunye nenkqubo yokubeka iliso. Ngale ndlela, i-emulator yolu hlobo ithatha imemori ye-RAM ngamazibuko amabini, enye yazo igcina iimpawu zomnxibelelanisi we-EPROM kwaye enye isebenza njengejelo lokuhambisa ukuhamba kwedatha kwimemori ye-RAM.
Kule meko, sinokukhankanya isixhobo esenziwe yinkampani ye-AMD, enenkumbulo yeFlash EPROM. Ukongeza, sinesixhobo esinevolthi yenkqubo yee-volts ezi-5 kwaye ivumela imemori ukuba iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde yenziwe kwakhona.
Kwangokunjalo, esi sixhobo sikwazi ukusebenza njenge-emulator enesakhono esiphezulu sokugcina kwaye, kwangaxeshanye, njenge-Flash EPROM memory programme. Ke, nje ukuba iyunithi izalisekise umsebenzi wayo wenkqubo, singayikhupha ikhowudi yokugqibela kwi-emulator kwaye siyifake kwibhodi yesekethe, emva koko isixhobo esithi siya kuqhubeka siziphatha njengememori ye-EPROM.
Umahluko phakathi kwememori ye-EPROM kunye nenkumbulo yeFlash EPROM
Okokuqala, njengoko besesitshilo, imemori yeFlash EPROM iyakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi emibini, oko kukuthi, ukongeza ekuziphatheni njenge-EPROM eqhelekileyo, inegalelo lokubhala. Kwelinye icala, inkqubo yokurekhoda nokucima idatha kwimemori entsha yeFlash iveliswa ngokuhlukileyo, ngelixa kwii-EPROM eziqhelekileyo ziinkqubo ezimbini ezahlukileyo ezahlukileyo.
Kule meko, kubalulekile ukuba ukhankanye ukuba umvelisi weenkumbulo ze-EPROM Flash uthathe amanyathelo okhuseleko ayimfuneko, ngendlela enokuthi ingenzeki ukuba ngengozi sicime ulwazi oluthile olubalulekileyo. Ke, olu hlobo lweenkumbulo lunemiyalelo emiselweyo kwangaphambili apho ukucinywa kwedatha kunye nemisebenzi yenkqubo isekwayo.
Ngokumalunga nomba wokugqibela, ngaphakathi kwemiyalelo ephambili singakhankanya oku kulandelayo: Ukufunda, ukuseta kwakhona, ukuzikhethela, i-Byte, ukucima i-chip kunye nokucima icandelo. Kwicandelo labo, ezimbini zokuqala zinoxanduva lokulungiselela inkumbulo yenkqubo yokufunda elandelayo, ngelixa umthetho obizwa ngokuba "Ukuzikhethela" unoxanduva lokuchonga zombini ikhowudi yomenzi kunye nohlobo lwesixhobo.
Ukongeza, i-Byte command isetyenziselwa ukufaka inkqubo entsha kwimemori ye-EPROM, ngelixa "Cima i-chip" isetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ukuqala inkqubo yokususa idatha. Okokugqibela, ngomyalelo «Cima» icandelo sinokuwucima ngokukodwa umxholo orekhodwe kwimimandla ethile yenkumbulo.
Iinyani zokuziyolisa
Ukuzalwa kwememori ye-EPROM kungenxa yesidingo sokusombulula ingxaki yeprogram ekhoyo kumanduleli wayo, inkumbulo ye-PROM. Ke, i-EPROM ivumela ukulungisa nayiphi na impazamo enokubakho evela kule nkqubo.
Imemori ye-EPROM inefestile ye-quartz ebonakalayo, evumela ukufikelela kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ngexesha lokucinywa komxholo. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, le festile kufuneka ihlale ivaliwe ukukhusela iziphumo zokukhanya kwendalo ekususeni ulwazi oluqulathwe kwi-EPROM.
Nangona kunjalo, nangona sithatha amanyathelo okhuseleko ukuze ulwazi kwimemori ye-EPROM lungacinywa, inyani kukuba ekuhambeni kwexesha itshintshiwe ngokungenathemba. Ngethamsanqa, oku akwenzeki kude kube semva kwamashumi eminyaka usetyenzisiwe kwimemori.
Isishwankathelo
Ukuqonda ngcono yintoni imemori ye-EPROM, Enye yezinto zokuqala ekufuneka sizithathele ingqalelo kukuba luhlobo lweememori ezingazinzanga, ezinokucwangciswa nezinokucimeka. Ngale ndlela, i-EPROM ithathwa njengoncedo ngakumbi kunenkumbulo PROM.
Iimpawu kunye nokusebenza
Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba olu hlobo lweenkumbulo lunokuphinda lusebenze; ngohlobo lokuba sikwazi ukucima umxholo kwaye siphinde sirekhode okanye senze inkqubo entsha. Kule meko, oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yombane osetyenziselwa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, ogqithisa ngefestile ye-quartz ebonakalayo esecaleni kwenkqubo yeememori eyaziwa njengeROM.
Ngokumalunga nalo mbandela wokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuba ukhankanye ukuba xa sele sicimile umxholo wenkumbulo ye-EPROM kwaye sayicwangcisa kwakhona, ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, iya kusebenza kuphela njengememori yokufunda kuphela; nokuba ikwindawo eyiyo kuyo okanye kwenye inkqubo apho ifuneka khona.
Kwelinye icala, sinememori ye-EPROM ephucula ukusebenza kwe-PROM, ngendlela efanayo ne-EEPROM edlula eyayo. Ngokukodwa ngokubhekisele kwimemori yokucima amandla, kubandakanya iinkqubo zeBIOS.
Ukucima inkumbulo
Ukongeza, kufuneka sikhankanye ukuba inkqubo yokususa ulwazi kunye nokwenza kwakhona imemori ye-EPROM icotha kwaye inzima. Kananjalo, ifuna ukukhupha imemori yebhodi yesekethe ukuze ikwazi ukuguqula umxholo wayo; Ngapha koko, ayikuvumeli ukupheliswa ngokuyinxenye.
Isiphelo
Ngamafutshane, ukuphendula umbuzo wethu malunga yintoni imemori ye-EPROM, kungcono ucinge ukuba yimemori enokufundwa kuphela enokucwangciswa kwaye inokucimeka. Ngale ndlela, sinokuthi olona phawu lwayo luphambili kukuba umxholo wayo unokucinywa ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, emva koko sinokuphinda siyicwangcise kwakhona ngokusebenzisa amandla ombane.