Indlela kaBruno Munari yokusombulula ingxaki

bruno-munari-1-indlela

UBruno Munari: Igcisa lase-Itali kunye nomzobi wegraphic, elona thuba liphezulu le-Futurism kunye nokukholelwa ngokuthembekileyo kubugcisa kunye netekhnoloji.

Kweli nqaku uza kufunda yonke into enxulumene Indlela kaBruno Munari yokusombulula ingxaki. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, wayengumculi obalaseleyo kunye nomzobi wegraphic, xa kuziwa kubugcisa kunye nobuchule; uhlala ehlala ngaphambili kwikamva.

Indlela kaBruno Munari

Ngokomgaqo, kufuneka icaciswe ukuba Indlela kaBruno Munari yenye yazo malunga noyilo kunye nokusombulula iingxaki. Ngendlela yokuba eyona nto icetyiswayo kukuqala ukhankanye ezinye zeekhonsepthi ezisisiseko ezinxulumene nomxholo, emva koko ujonge indlela esicinga ngayo namhlanje.

Iziseko ezinxulumene noko

Emva koko siza kudwelisa iikhonsepthi ezintathu ezisisiseko zokuqondwa kwe Indlela kaBruno Munari nokusombulula ingxaki. Zezi:

Uyilo

Ngokubanzi, ingqikelelo yoyilo inxulunyaniswa nobuchule bokuyila, kuba kungayo apho sifumana isisombululo sayo nayiphi na ingxaki. Ke, ikho phantse kuyo nayiphi na indawo yobomi bethu, ngakumbi kwicandelo lezemizi-mveliso, intengiso, uyilo kunye nonxibelelwano, phakathi kwabanye.

Nangona kunjalo, inkcazo esesikweni yoyilo isixelela ukuba le yinkqubo apho sifumana khona ukulungiswa kwengqondo malunga nengxaki ethile ekufuneka isonjululwe. Ngendlela efanayo, igubungela ukufundisisa kweminye imilinganiselo, enjengoku: ukusebenza, ukusebenza, ubomi obuluncedo kunye nokunxibelelana kwento nomsebenzisi.

Ukongeza, uyilo lusebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngemizobo, imizobo, imizobo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ebonisa ngayo ukucwangciswa kwangaphambili. Okokugqibela, uyilo luyafana nendalo, ubuchule kunye nophuhliso.

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Malunga noku, ndiyakumema ukuba ufunde inqaku lethu elibizwa: Intshayelelo kuyilo lwegraphic Into yobomi!, Kuba kuyo uya kufumana kumxholo wayo, ekusebenzeni kwayo nokunye okuninzi.

Indlela

Ngokwenxalenye yayo, indlela yokusebenza ibhekisa kuseto lweendlela kunye neendlela, ezisetyenziswa ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo yokuphendula kwingxelo yengxaki. Kwangokunjalo, sinokuthi indlela yokusebenza iyahambelana nenkxaso yomqondo esichaza ngayo indlela esisebenzisa ngayo iinkqubo ezithile.

Okokugqibela, ngenxa yobume beengxaki, kuqhelekile ukuva malunga neendlela ezahlukeneyo zendlela. Phakathi kwabo, oku kulandelayo kuvela: uphando, i-didactic, indlela yezomthetho kunye noyilo, phakathi kwabanye.

Indlela

Ngokumalunga nendlela, sinokuthi le yindlela okanye indlela esizilawula ngayo ukufikelela kwinjongo ecetywayo, kubandakanya ukusonjululwa kwengxaki. Ukongeza, sinendlela yokuba inkqubo icwangcisiwe, ilungelelaniswe kwaye yakhiwe, ephendula kwiingcinga ezithile esele ziqikelelwe malunga nembono esinayo malunga nento esiyiqwalaseleyo.

I-Metodology yoyilo

Ngokubanzi, indlela yoyilo sisixhobo esisisiseko sokwenza umsebenzi kweengcali zoyilo lwegraphic. Ewe, oku kuyabavumela ukuba basondele ngokuchanekileyo kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi enxulumene nendawo yabo, kunye nokusombulula iingxaki.

Ukongeza, olu hlobo lwendlela, njengayo nayiphi na enye, ineenjongo ezibonakalayo kwinkqubo yokufunda nokufundisa. Ewe, oko kuyindlela esebenzayo yokuhambisa ulwazi phakathi kwezizukulwana ezahlukeneyo; ngohlobo lokuba lomelezwe ngamava abayili abafundisayo kunye nalawo abafundi banethemba lokufunda.

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Yeyiphi indlela kaBruno Munari yokusombulula ingxaki?

Okokuqala, kufuneka siqaphele ukuba u-Bruno Munari wakha uyilo njenge projekthi enengqiqo, ehambelanayo, ethe ngqo kunye nenjongo. Ngale ndlela, wamisela ukuba inkqubo yoyilo iqala ukusuka kwinkcazo esengqiqweni yengxaki kwaye kubandakanya ukwakhiwa kwezisombululo, de kube kufikelelwe kwisiphumo esifezekileyo, njengemveliso yesiko lorhwebo.

Ngamanye amagama, i Indlela kaBruno Munari Ukusombulula ingxaki, kubandakanya iseti yokusebenza elungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo, ngokweziphumo zamava angaphambili. Ukongeza, inenjongo ephambili yokwandisa iziphumo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwandisa iinzame.

Kwelinye icala, uMunari wamisela ukuba uyilo lubandakanya izinto ezininzi, phakathi kwazo esinokuthi sikhankanye oku kulandelayo: ukubonwa, umzi-mveliso, umzobo kunye noyilo lophando. Ngendlela efanayo, uqinisekisile ukuba yiprojekthi yolwakhiwo enika isiphumo esihle, ukuba nje nganye yezinto eziyenzayo ifundwe ngokuchaneka.

Amanqanaba enkqubo kaBruno Munari

Ngokubanzi, i Indlela kaBruno Munari Ukusonjululwa kweengxaki kuseka izigaba ezininzi. Ngokuphathelene noku, inqanaba ngalinye kula liphendula kulungelelwaniso kunye nolungelelwaniso lwenkqubo yoyilo.

Ingxelo yeNgxaki

Inkqubo yoyilo lukaBruno Munari iqala kwimbono yokuba ingxaki ngokwayo inezinto eziyimfuneko kwisisombululo sayo. Ngendlela yokuba, kwisisombululo sabo, kuyadingeka ukuba bazi ngalinye lala macandelo, ukuya kwinqanaba lokuzisebenzisa kamva kuphuhliso lwenkqubo yoyilo.

Kule meko, izisombululo esinokuthi sizinike ingxaki ethile zihlala ziindidi ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwazo sinokukhankanya oku kulandelayo: okwethutyana, okuqinisekileyo, ukuthengisa, ukuthelekelela okanye uqikelelo.

Ukubola kwengxaki

Ngokubanzi, ukubola kwengxaki yoyilo kubangela ezinye iingxaki, nganye kuzo inokusonjululwa. Ngale ndlela, ibhanki yezisombululo ezinokwamkeleka ezinokubakho kwingxaki yoyilo ngokubanzi iyakhiwa.

Ukuqokelelwa kwedatha

Kweli nqanaba, idatha enxulumene nefom nganye ethe yasetyenziswa ekusombululeni iingxaki ezingaphantsi iyaqokelelwa, kubandakanya izixhobo kunye nobuchule. Ngale ndlela, sinokufumana iimeko ezisonjululwe ngobuchwephesha kwaye ezinye zabelana ngezisombululo, ezisisalathiso kuphuhliso lweprojekthi.

Uhlalutyo lwedatha

Eyona njongo iphambili yohlalutyo lwedatha kukubonelela ngesikhokelo malunga nokungakwenzi ngexesha lenkqubo yoyilo. Ukongeza, iyasinceda ukubonelela ngesikhokelo kunye neengcebiso malunga noku, ngelixa sinokuthi sinciphise ukwenzeka kweempazamo kuyilo.

Ukudala

Ibhekisa kukusekwa kwayo yonke imisebenzi enokwenzeka evela kuhlalutyo lwedatha kwaye inceda ekusonjululeni iingxaki. Ngendlela yokuba ezi zisivumele ukuba sikhethe isisombululo esinye okanye ezingaphezulu.

Izinto kunye netekhnoloji

Kule nqanaba kufuneka siqaphele zombini izixhobo kunye nezixhobo kunye nobuchule esinabo. Ngale ndlela, sinokuseka ubudlelwane obuluncedo kuphuhliso lweprojekthi yoyilo.

Uvavanyo

Okwangoku sifuna ukuvavanywa kunye nezilingo ezisivumela ukuba siphinde siqondise iinzame zethu xa kukho imfuneko. Ukongeza, iyasebenza ukomeleza iindlela ezinxulumene namathuba obuchwephesha.

Kule vidiyo ilandelayo ungayibona Imithetho emine yendlela yeCartesian, apho ifayile ye- Indlela kaBruno Munari.

Iimodeli

Ibhekisa kulwandiso lwesampulu eqinisekileyo, imveliso yophuhliso lwamanqanaba angaphambili eprojekthi yoyilo. Ngokumalunga noku, le sampulu kufuneka iqinisekiswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwayo.

Ukuqinisekiswa

Kule nqanaba kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba iziphumo ezifunyenweyo njengoko bekulindelwe. Ngendlela enokuthi sithathe inyathelo lokugqibela kuphuhliso lwenkqubo yoyilo.

Imizobo yokwakha

Ngokubanzi, imizobo yokwakha isebenza njengesikhokelo kulwakhiwo lweprototype. Okwangoku sisiya kunxibelelwano lwesisombululo sethu esicetywayo.

Solution

Inqanaba lokugqibela lenkqubo, apho sibona iprojekthi yoyilo igqityiwe. Kule meko, ukufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo kuthetha ukuba siphumelele ngempumelelo kwisigaba ngasinye sangaphambili.

Kodwa ngubani uBruno Munari?

U-Bruno Munari wayengumzobi obalaseleyo kunye nomzobi wegraphic, owazalelwa e-Italiya ngo-1907.

Kule nkalo, sinokuthi kulo lonke ixesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi, mininzi imirhumo ebalulekileyo awayinikayo malunga nokupeyinta, uyilo lwemizi-mveliso kunye negraphic, cinematography, phakathi kwabanye. Ukongeza, weza kuzonwabisa nakwezinye iindawo zobugcisa, ezinje ngokubhala kunye nemibongo.

Kwelinye icala, ngokwembono yeshishini, u-Bruno Munari wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kuhlaziyo lwamashishini kwilizwe lakhe emva kwemfazwe. Kwelinye icala, wayehlala ezibonakalisa ekholelwa ngokunyanisekileyo kwi-Futurism, kunye nakwindibano phakathi kobugcisa kunye nobuchule.

Ngamafutshane, u-Bruno Munari wema kwinqanaba lakhe lobuchule, awathi walifaka kwimisebenzi yakhe nganye. Kule nkalo, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba imveliso yakhe yobugcisa ingaphezulu kwama-200 emiboniso kwaye idlula imisebenzi engama-400.

Okokugqibela, kwiminyaka esithoba emva kokupapasha enye yeencwadi zakhe ezidumileyo, awayenesihloko esithi: Izinto zizalwa njani, uBruno Munari wasweleka kwilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa, kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe kwama-91. Nangona kunjalo, ilifa lakhe liyaqhubeka, kwimiboniso ye-Gallararte Museum of Arts, nakumntu ngamnye owaziyo ngomsebenzi wakhe ongaqhelekanga.

Ukongeza kule vidiyo ilandelayo unokufunda okungakumbi ngobomi beli gcisa lingaqhelekanga kunye nomzobi we-Futurism, ubugcisa kunye nobuchule.

Iinkalo zesicelo

Yonke imihla zininzi iindawo apho Indlela kaBruno Munari yokusombulula ingxaki. Phakathi kwazo sinokukhankanya oku kulandelayo: Umhombiso, impahla yokunxiba, inkampu, izixhobo zokulinganisa, imidlalo yezemidlalo kunye nemidlalo, iimyuziyam kunye nemiboniso, ipaki yokonwabisa, iigadi, i-cinema kunye nomabonwakude, ubugcisa begraphic, phakathi kwezinye.

Ezinye iindlela zoyilo

Njengoko besesitshilo, ecaleni kwefayile ye- Indlela kaBruno Munari Kukho ezinye ezibaluleke ngokulinganayo, kodwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Zezi:

Indlela kaChristopher Jones yoyilo

KuChristopher Jones sityala indlela ezimbini ezintsha kuyilo, ezinje: ibhokisi emnyama kunye nebhokisi ebonakalayo. Ngokubhekisele kwindlela yokuqala yokuyila, umbhali ubeka ukuba, rhoqo, umyili ufumana iziphumo eziyimpumelelo, inkqubo yakhe angaziyo ukuba angayichaza njani.

Ngelixa umbono webhokisi esekuhleni ucingisisa ngemfuneko yokuseta kwangaphambili, zombini iinjongo kunye nohlalutyo lwengxaki kunye nesicwangciso esiza kulandelwa. Ngale ndlela, inkqubo yoyilo ibanzi kwaye yahlukile.

Ngokusekwe kwiingqikelelo zikaJones, emva koko sinokuthi inkqubo yoyilo kufuneka yenziwe ngezigaba ezibini. Eyokuqala kubo ibhekisa kukhangelo loyilo olulungileyo kunye nolwesibini, kulawulo lobuchule ekufuneka lusetyenziswe kwinqanaba lokuqala.

Ngale ndlela, sinokuqikelela iziphumo ezinokubakho ngokwakhiwa kwemodeli kwaye emva koko sinokukhetha olona khetho phakathi kwabo bonke. Kule meko, kubalulekile ukuba ukhankanye ukuba iziphumo ezinokubakho ziimveliso zomlinganiso weendlela ezahlukeneyo ezizezinye.

Indlela yoyilo lukaMorris Asimow

Ngokuphathelene nendlela yoyilo kaMorris Asimow, ichaza yonke inkqubo kwimbono yobunjineli. Yiyo loo nto eseka izigaba ezibini eziphawulwe kakuhle, ezidibeneyo.

Kule meko, eyokuqala kubo ibhekisa kucwangciso kunye ne-morphology yoyilo kwaye okwesibini, kuphuhliso lomjikelo wemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa, okubandakanya okuhambelana nokusasazwa kwemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi, i-Asimow igqiba ekubeni inkqubo yoyilo yenziwa ngokwesi sikimu silandelayo: uhlalutyo, ukuhlanganiswa, ukuvavanywa kunye nesigqibo, ukwandiswa, ukuphononongwa kunye nokuphunyezwa.

Indlela kaBruce Archer yoyilo

Kwelakhe icala, uBruce Archer uphakamisa iNdlela yeNkqubo yoYilo, apho amisela ukuba inkqubo yoyilo ifuna ukuzalisekiswa kwamanqanaba amathathu achazwe kakuhle. Kule meko, ezi zigubungela uhlalutyo, uyilo kunye nokwenza icandelo loyilo, olususela kwinkcazo yengxaki ukuya kuphuhliso lweendlela kunye nokulungiswa kwamaxwebhu emveliso.

Isiphelo

La Indlela kaBruno Munari ukusonjululwa kweengxaki kugxilwe kuyilo, inxenye yengqikelelo ngendlela. Ngendlela efanayo, umisela isidingo sokwenza isifundo sangaphambili malunga nemvelaphi yale projekthi, kunye nezinto kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko kuphuhliso lwayo.


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