Ukuba ufuna ukwazi Yintoni i-camNdiyakumema ukuba ufunde eli nqaku. Apha uya kufumana yonke into oyifunayo malunga nale sicelo esinomdla ekhompyutheni ephucula umgangatho kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zeenkqubo zokuvelisa ngokubanzi.
Yintoni ikham?
Igama elithi CAM, ligama lesiNgesi elichaza ukulinganisa, ukumodareyitha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso (iComputer Aided Manufacturing), luhlobo lwetekhnoloji oluzama ukwenza ngokwahlukeneyo inxenye yomjikelo wemveliso, ngakumbi ukucwangcisa, ukuphathwa kunye nokulawulwa kwemisebenzi yokuvelisa. . Kule nto isebenzisa iinkqubo zekhompyuter, eziqulathe ujongano oluvumela unxibelelwano nezixhobo zemveliso.
Kule meko, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ubukho beentlobo ezimbini zonxibelelwano ezinxulumene ne-CAM, zezi:
- Ujongano olungqalileyo: ikhompyuter inxibelelana ngqo nenkqubo yokuvelisa, ukuze ijongane kwaye ilawule izixhobo zayo kunye nokusebenza.
- Ujongano olungathanga ngqo: Ikhompyuter sisixhobo soncedo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, kodwa akukho nxibelelo ngqo nayo.
Ngale ndlela, kunokuthiwa owona msebenzi uphambili we-CAM kukubonelela ngolwazi kunye nemiyalelo evumela ukuzenzekelayo koomatshini abakhethekileyo ekwenziweni kwamalungu aqinileyo kunye neziqwenga. Kule nto, ifuna amaxwebhu ejiyometri aveliswe yi-Computer Aided Design (CAD).
Omnye umsebenzi we-CAM yinkqubo yeerobhothi ezikhetha kwaye zibeke izixhobo zolawulo lweekhompyuter zolawulo lwamanani (CNC). Ukongeza ekubeni nakho ukwenza eminye imisebenzi, enjengokupeyinta, ukuwelda, kunye nokuhambisa izinto kunye nezixhobo ngaphakathi kwezithuba eziphakathi.
Kwelinye icala, ngaphambi kokuthatha ukhenketho lwendlela ye-CAM, kubalulekile ukuba ukhankanye ukuba inzame yokuqala yokuphuhlisa olu hlobo lwesicelo yayiyinkqubo yamacandelo ngokulawulwa kwamanani. Ngamanye amagama, ukuveliswa kweenkqubo zoomatshini abalawulwa ngokwamanani abakwaziyo ukuguqula imiyalelo kwiintshukumo, kubandakanya nokwenza iinkqubo zeerobhothi kunye nomxholo wabalawuli abanengqondo abacwangcisiweyo namhlanje.
Ukuqonda ngcono ukuba yintoni Yintoni i-cam, kunye nobudlelwane bayo nabacwangcisi abanengqondo, unokufunda eli nqaku lilandelayo: umlawuli weengcinga ezicwangcisiweyo. Apho uyakufumana ukusuka kwinkcazo ukuya kwiingenelo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga.
Historia
Ukuphuhliswa koyilo lwemveliso kunye neendlela zokuvelisa ikakhulu kubangelwa kukuvela kweekhompyuter ngexesha le-50s. Ngelo xesha, kwavela umzobo wokuqala ovumela imizobo elula engadibaniyo. Kwangokunjalo, umxholo weenkqubo zokulawulwa kwamanani zaphuhliswa.
Emva kwexesha, ngokufika kwesitayile, kwaqala ixesha lemizobo yokuyilwa kunye noyilo.
Kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, kwaqaliswa umxholo weCAD, kunye neenkqubo ezithile kuwo, ezazingqinelana nokwaziswa kwezorhwebo kwimiboniso yeekhompyuter.
Kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-70, eli shishini lasebenzisa ubuchule bokuyila obuncediswa yikhompyuter kunye neendlela zokwenza, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lweenkqubo zokumodareyitha kunye nolawulo lwamanani, phakathi kwezinye izixhobo ezibalulekileyo zolu hlobo.
Kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo ze-CAD / CAM kuye kwasasazeka, kunye nenkqubela phambili kwizixhobo kunye nokuvela kwezixhobo ezithathu-ntathu. Kwakulixesha lokuvela kwengcinga yokwenyani yokwenyani.
Emva koko, kwii-90s, i-automation yeenkqubo zorhwebo ziye zasasazeka ngokudityaniswa kweendlela zedijithali zoyilo, uhlalutyo, ukulinganisa kunye nokuveliswa kwemveliso.
Ukusuka apho ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuzenzekelayo kweenkqubo zorhwebo kuyilo oluncediswa yikhompyuter kunye nokuvelisa kuqhubekile nokukhula, kuyeyona nto iphambili nenokucetyiswa kuphuhliso lweenkampani ezifuna ukuphucula iinkqubo zazo zemveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zakho zokwenza imveliso.
Kwinqaku lethu iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo Uya kufunda ngakumbi malunga nesi sihloko sinomdla.
Izixhobo
Ukwazi okungakumbi malunga nantoni Yintoni i-camApha ngezantsi siza kuchaza ezona mpawu ziphambili:
- Kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweekhompyuter ukunceda kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kweemveliso.
- Unika izixhobo zokuncedisa ijiyometri efunekayo ukwenza inxenye.
- Yenza ikhowudi kumatshini wolawulo lwamanani wekhompyuter.
- Ukuzalisa iteknoloji yeCAD yokuncedisa ukuvelisa.
- Yenziwe ngezixhobo zekhompyutha kunye nesoftware yokuvelisa, kunye neendlela ezivumela unxibelelwano nezixhobo.
Amanqanaba
Ngokubanzi, inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso incediswa yitekhnoloji ye-CAM ibandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:
- Inkqubo yocwangciso: Kubandakanya ukucwangciswa kwemveliso, uhlalutyo lweendleko, kunye nokufunyanwa kwezixhobo kunye nezinto zokwenza imveliso.
- Ukuchithwa kwamalungu: Kubandakanya inkqubo yolawulo lwamanani.
- Ukuhlolwa: Kubhekiswa kwintsebenzo yovavanyo lomgangatho.
- Indibano: Ifuna ukulingiswa kwerobhothi kunye nenkqubo.
Emva kokugqiba onke la manqanaba, isiqwenga okanye imveliso yokugqibela ilungele ukupakishwa, ukuthengiswa kunye nokusasazwa.
Inzuzo
Ngokusekwe kwinkcazo, iimpawu kunye namanqanaba e-CAM, izibonelelo zayo zinokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ngokubanzi, kunciphisa iindleko ezinxulumene nomsebenzi kunye nokunyusa amandla enkqubo, ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela kunye nezinto zayo. Ngamanye amagama, iyenza lula, ilungiselele kwaye inyuse umgangatho wenkqubo yokuvelisa.
Kwelinye icala, iququzelela isindululo sezinye iindlela zokuphuculwa kwemisebenzi enxulumene nenkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokunciphisa ukubanakho kweempazamo ngumntu osebenzayo. Ukongeza, ikwandisa ukuhanjiswa kokusetyenziswa koomatshini, ukunciphisa ixesha elityalwe kuphuhliso lwenkqubo yokuvelisa.
Kwangokunjalo, inegalelo ekudalweni nasekusebenziseni iinkqubo zolawulo lwamanani, ishenxisa isidingo sovavanyo loomatshini. Ukongeza, iqinisekisa usetyenziso olufanelekileyo lwedatha kunye nezixhobo ezichaphazelekayo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, ukwandisa ukungqinelana kunye nokuchaneka ekwenziweni kwamalungu oomatshini.
Okokugqibela, ikhuthaza kwaye ikhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwetekhnoloji entsha.
Nangona kunjalo, njengoko itekhnoloji yahlukile kwezinye iinxalenye zomjikelo wemveliso, akunakwenzeka ukuba ufumane zonke izibonelelo ezibanzi zoyilo lwemveliso kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa, okwenza oku kube yeyona nto iphambili kuyo.
Iinkalo zesicelo
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuninzi, iindlela zeCAM ziya zisetyenziswa ngakumbi kumacandelo afana: noomatshini, oomatshini, ubunjineli bombane kunye ne-elektroniki, uyilo, imephu, inzululwazi, izithuthi kunye nearosfera. Ngotyekelo lokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo, i-CAM ngokungathandabuzekiyo ibe yitekhnoloji yexesha elizayo.
Ukwahlula
Kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwabo, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeenkqubo zeCAM. Zezi:
Iinkqubo zokubhalwa kweekhowudi zemiyalelo
Ifuna ukuba kuchongwe umzobo ngumsebenzisi weeteknoloji ukuba zifumaneke kwimodeli yeCAD. Ikhowudi yolawulo lwamanani yenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo yinkqubo.
Iinkqubo zesizukulwana esizenzekelayo sendlela yezixhobo
Umsebenzisi kufuneka amisele ukuba yeyiphi indawo eya kuthi yenziwe ngomatshini, kunye nezixhobo eziza kusetyenziswa. Inkqubo ivelisa iitrajectories kunye nekhowudi yolawulo lwamanani.
Iinkqubo zokulinganisa zenkqubo yoomatshini
Iindlela zezixhobo zenziwa ngesandla okanye ngokuzenzekelayo. Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zinokubonwa ngokuzoba ii-trajectories ezilandelelweyo okanye ngokumelwa kwenxalenye emva koomatshini.
Iinkqubo zokujonga ukungqubana
Bayakwazi ukuchonga iintlobo ezimbini zokuphazamiseka. Eyokuqala phakathi kwesixhobo senkxaso yaso kunye nesiqwenga esiza kwenziwa ngomatshini, kwaye okwesibini phakathi kwetafile, ukulungiswa kunye nezinye izinto zendalo esingqongileyo.
Isoftware yorhwebo
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zesoftware kwintengiso ekhethekileyo kwiindlela ze-CAM, nganye inikezela ukuphucula ngaphezu kwabandulelayo. Ezona nkqubo ziphambili zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- Umbono we-NC: Ngokusekwe kwinkqubo yethu ye-CAD, iyasivumela ukuba sikhethe indlela yoomatshini esiyithandayo. Iitrajectories zenziwa ngokusekwe kwiiparameter ezichaziweyo ngaphambili.
- Catia: Ngaphandle kwesoftware ekhethekileyo yeCAD, inezixhobo zeCAM eziluncedo. Olona phawu lwayo luphambili kukudalwa kweendlela ezigqityiweyo.
- Inkqubo yeNC: Ngokusekwe kwinkqubo eyaziwayo ye-AUTOCAD, umsebenzisi kufuneka aphawule ukuqala kunye nokuphela kwezixhobo zendlela kumzobo weCAD.
- I-DEAS: Njengesoftware yaseCatia, yinkqubo yeCAD enezixhobo zeCAM. Ivumela ukuvelisa ii-trajectories ezipheleleyo kunye nokuchonga ukungqubana.
- Pro-Injineli: Inempawu ezifanayo zesoftware ye-I-DEAS.
- I-PowerMill: Isoftware ekhethekileyo kwimveliso yeCAM, ejolise ikakhulu kwi-aerospace nakwishishini leemoto. Iyakwazi ukuvelisa iimilo ezinzima kakhulu.
- I-RhinoCAM: Inkqubo ye-CAM ekwaziyo ukucoceka iindawo ezintsonkothileyo kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezine-lathe, imisebenzi yokugaya kunye nokumba.
- I-SICUBE: Igxile ekwenzeni i-CAM laser cuts ngokuvelisa ii-trajectories ezizenzekelayo zoomatshini be-3D.
- I-SMIRT: ijolise kuyilo loyilo kwaye iswelekile, isetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo kwisitampu sezithuthi.
I-CAD / CAM
Yinkqubo encediswa yikhompyuter kunye netekhnoloji yokuvelisa, eyona njongo yayo iphambili kukuxhasa uyilo, ukwenziwa kunye nophuhliso lweemveliso, ukuphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuvelisa kunye neendleko. Oku kufezekiswa ngokudibanisa izicelo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zekhompyuter, ezinje ngeCAD kunye neCAM.
Olu hlobo lwezixhobo ze-CAD / CAM zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa ngokubanzi, kunye nasekwenzeni iindawo, ukubumba kunye neeprototypes ezifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka komlinganiso. Ukongeza, isetyenziselwa uhlalutyo lobunjineli, oopopayi beekhompyuter, inkqubo yolawulo kunye nolawulo lomgangatho, phakathi kwezinye izinto eziluncedo nezibalulekileyo.
Amanqanaba e-CAD / CAM
Inyathelo lokuqala elinxulunyaniswa nolu hlobo lwetekhnoloji kukwenza imbonakalo yecandelo okanye imveliso kusetyenziswa imodeli ekhethekileyo yokuzoba kunye nesoftware yokuzoba. Kweli nqanaba kuyimfuneko ukuseka imigca, ii-arcs, i-ellipses, isangqa kunye namanye amaziko aya kwenza isiqwenga.
Emva koko kufakwe iiparameter zokusika, ezinje nge-feedrate, ujikelezo olujikelezayo, ubunzulu bokunqunyulwa, phakathi kwabanye, ukuze uqhubeke nokulinganisa kwendawo.
Okokugqibela, ukulinganisa kuguqulelwa kulwimi lomatshini wolawulo lwamanani wekhompyuter ukufumana inkqubo ezenzekelayo, eya kuthi ikwazi ukwenza eyona machining yenxalenye okanye imveliso ngokulandela imiyalelo ecwangcisiweyo.
Kule meko, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba inkqubo yolawulo lwamanani kukudityaniswa kweekhowudi ezininzi ezimele imiyalelo yentshukumo enikwe umatshini we-CNC, ukulawula izixhobo kunye nezixhobo eziguqula imathiriyeli ibe yimveliso egqityiweyo.
Phakathi kweentlobo eziphambili zoomatshini bokulawula amanani, kunokukhankanywa oku kulandelayo:
Ngokwemisebenzi ethile kubo bonke aba matshini, banakho ukuqhuba ukuhambisa kunye nokuhamba kwentloko, ukulawula isantya ngokokuhamba kwabo kwangaphambili kunye nokusika, ukwenza utshintsho lwezixhobo kunye nezinto eziza kwenziwa ngomatshini, ukuthambisa kunye nokupholisa, ukwenza imisebenzi yolawulo lukarhulumente ngokubanzi, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezininzi ezinxulumene noko.
Izigqibo
I-CAM sisixhobo sesoftware esikhethekileyo ekwenziweni kwezahlulo kunye neziqwenga eziqinileyo ngoomatshini abazisebenzelayo, umsebenzi wabo ophambili kukulawula inkqubo yokuvelisa ngokusetyenziswa kweekhompyuter, ukulungiselela ukuphucula umgangatho wokuphela kwemveliso kunye inkqubo yemveliso ngokubanzi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwasasazeka emva kokuvela kweekhompyuter, ukuqhubela phambili kwinkqubela phambili ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ineentlobo ezimbini zonxibelelwano, kuxhomekeke kudidi loqhagamshelo olufikelelwe yikhompyuter: ujongano olungqalileyo kunye nokujongana ngqo, kwaye inezigaba ezine: ukucwangciswa kwenkqubo, iindawo zomatshini, ukuhlolwa kunye nokudibana.
Ukongeza, kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwabo, zine iindidi zeenkqubo ze-CAM, ezinxulumene ngokulandelelana kwimiyalelo, ii-trajectories, ukulinganisa kunye nokungqubana. Ngenxa yoku, ifildi yayo yesicelo ibanzi kwaye yahlukile.
Okokugqibela, sisincomo se-CAD / CAM yoyilo oluncediswa yikhompyuter kunye nobuchule bokuvelisa. Ewe, ifuna ulwazi lwejiyometri olunikezwe sisixhobo se-CAD yoyilo. Ukusebenza kwayo, isebenzisa enye yeendlela ezininzi ezikhethekileyo zesoftware ezikhoyo, phakathi kwazo: ICatia, I-DEAS, RhinoCAM, njl.