I-WiFi yitekhnoloji enika nawuphi na umsebenzisi amandla okumisela uqhagamshelo ngaphandle kwamacingo kwiikhompyuter ezahlukeneyo nezixhobo kwicandelo elithile. Kungenxa yoko le nto eli nqaku liza kuchaza isebenza njani i-wifi ukuthatha ithuba kwisibonelelo ngasinye nakwizakhono ezizivelelayo.
Isebenza njani iWiFi?
I-WiFi iqukethe itekhnoloji esebenzisa unxibelelwano ngaphandle kwamacingo ukuseka unxibelelwano kwinethiwekhi nakwisiphi na isixhobo esikunxibelelwano lwendawo. Ukufezekisa lo msebenzi isebenzisa imiqondiso yerediyo kunye ne-infrared ukuze ikwazi ukufezekisa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ethile kunye nolwazi kwizixhobo nganye ezixhumeneyo.
I-WiFi sisicatshulwa se-Wireless Fidelity esithetha ukungathembeki ngaphandle kwamacingo, ithathwa njengeetekhnoloji esebenzayo kuba iyimpendulo kwindawo yekhompyuter eyenziwe luthotho lwemigangatho ethile yenethiwekhi engenazingcingo.
Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile ukuba isebenze njani i-WiFi, kuba inika ukuqiniseka kokusebenza kwangaphakathi kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Iphawulwa ngokungabi nasidingo seentambo zokusebenza kwaye ingafuneki nayiphi na indlela ebonakalayo yokuvelisa ukwanda.
Isebenzisa amaza ombane ukwenza uhambiso ngalunye lwedatha, nangona kunjalo inomda wokugubungela kuba ixhomekeke kwirediyo ethile apho ikwazi ukubonelela khona. Iimpawu ezisebenzisayo ekusebenzeni kwazo ziyafana kakhulu nee-smartphones namhlanje, ke zilandela inkqubo efanayo yenkqubo.
Unxibelelwano olungenazintambo
Umbuzo wendlela esebenza ngayo i-WiFi inokuphendulwa ngokulula, njengoko ifuna isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-router, apho uqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi lwenziwa kunye ne-eriyali enayo evumela ukuhanjiswa komqondiso ngendlela engaphakathi kwirediyo enikiweyo kwaye ngaphandle kwentambo.
Isixhobo ngasinye sisebenza njengesamkelo samaza ombane aveliswe kuphela ukuba sikwiindawo ezithile zokugubungela umzila, ukuze unxibelelwano olungenazingcingo lusekwe ngemiqondiso yerediyo evumela ukufikelela kwi-intanethi.
Iikhompyuter zinekhadi eliguquka kwiimpawu ezingenazingcingo kwaye linakho ukuguqula idatha kunye nolwazi olunikezwe kwirediyo yerediyo eveliswe yi-eriyali yendlela, ke kubalulekile ukuba izixhobo zihambelane neempawu.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi yonke into malunga ne-imeyile uyamenywa ukuba ufunde eli nqaku Isebenza njani i-imeyile, apho iimpawu zayo, ulwakhiwo lwayo, iiseva elinazo, imisebenzi yayo esisiseko kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezininzi zichaziwe.
Ukuhanjiswa kwemiqondiso
Emva kokufumana imiqondiso, i-router inoxanduva lokufumana kwaye emva koko ifake idatha yesiginali yokufaka kwiikhowudi zebhanari ukuthumela olu lwazi lutsha kwinethiwekhi, oko kukuthi, kwi-intanethi nge-LAN eyindawo yenethiwekhi yendawo kunye ne-Ethernet enentambo inakho. isetyenziswe kwakhona.
Kuyaziwa ukuba inkonzo ye-Ethernet eneentambo ihlala kunxibelelwano lwe-DSL kwaye inokubanjelwa kunxibelelwano lwentambo olunentambo, ukuze unxibelelwano lwe-intanethi kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezixhumeneyo ziqinisekiswe.
Kukwanokuthiwa inkcazo yendlela esebenza ngayo iWiFi ngenxa yokuba inonxibelelwano oluya kumacala omabini, ke iinkqubo ziqulathe ukusebenza okuphindeneyo. Ke inokubonelela ngoqhagamshelo ngokuthumela idatha ethile kwi-router engenazingcingo ukuze ikwazi ukuguqula imiqondiso kunye nokuseka unxibelelwano kwikhadi leadaptha engenazingcingo enesixhobo.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi iindlela zokuphuhlisa isoftware ngendlela efanelekileyo nefanelekileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufunde inqaku le- Inkqubo ye-Agile, apho kucacisiwe zisetyenziswa kuphuhliso lwesoftware eyahlukeneyo apho isekwe kuphuhliso ngomjikelo wokuphindaphinda.
Iiradiyo zeWiFi
Iimpawu zerediyo yile nto isebenza ngayo i-router, ichaza ukuba isebenza njani i-WiFi, ukuseka unxibelelwano oluyimfuneko ukuthumela kunye nokufumana ukuhanjiswa kweempawu ngamaza ombane.
Oonomathotholo abasetyenziselwa ukumisela olu nxibelelwano kunye nothungelwano baguqulwa babe ngamaza kanomathotholo njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, kodwa ezi zona ngamaza kanambambili, athi emva kokuphinda enze olunye uguquko, aguqulwe abe ngamaza kanomathotholo kwakhona.
Kungenxa yokuba ukusebenza kweWiFi kubini, ke kukutshintshiselana rhoqo kolwazi kunye nedatha ngeempawu kunye namaza adluliselwa phakathi kweekhompyuter kunye nomzila.
Ngendlela efanayo nefanayo kukusebenza kwee-smartphones, oko kukuthi, okwangoku kunye neWalkie-Talkies eyaziwayo, kodwa umahluko kukuba usasazo ngalunye olwenziwe lwenziwa ngesiqhelo esihamba phakathi kwe-2,4 GHz ukuya kwi-5 GHz , ke olu dluliselo luthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba luphezulu.
Iinkcukacha ngokubanzi
Ngale nqanaba liphezulu lokuhamba, isixa esikhulu sedatha sinokuhanjiswa, ke isantya se-intanethi siya kuba siphezulu, kungoko kunokuthiwa ngale ndlela unxibelelwano lunokusekwa ngozinzo olukhulu nakwiimeko ezifanelekileyo zezixhobo.
Icandelo elibalulekileyo lolwazi malunga nendlela esebenza ngayo iWiFi, esetyenziswa ngumgangatho we-802.11 IEEE, esisigama sesiNgesi seZiko leeNjineli zoMbane neze-Elektroniki. Kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba lo mgangatho usetyenzisiweyo uneentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezinikezela ngeenjongo ezifanayo, kodwa ezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngumgangatho we-802.11g kunye nomgangatho we-802.11n.
Iiradiyo zeWiFi zinesakhono sokuhambisa idatha kwiibhendi ezihamba rhoqo ezintathu, ke unokukhetha ukusebenzisa ibhendi yamaza oyifunayo, ngaphandle kwawo nawuphi na umbutho okanye nawuphi na umyalelo, ukuze ube nethuba lokutsiba ukusuka kwelinye iqela ukuya kwelinye ukuze ufumane uzinzo olungcono kunxibelelwano nenethiwekhi ukunqanda nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka okunokuvela.
Njengoko ifuna ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka, idatha ethunyelweyo iyafuneka ukugcina uhambiso ngokufanelekileyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto uthungelwano olungenazingcingo lunakho ukuseka unxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunxibelelwano olungenazingcingo ngaxeshanye kwinethiwekhi.
Imfuno ngokubanzi zonxibelelwano lweWiFi
Ukuphendula umbuzo wendlela esebenza ngayo i-WiFi, inkqubo eyenziweyo kumaza ngophawu lwerediyo icacisiwe, kodwa ukufezekisa unxibelelwano, izixhobo ziyafuneka ukuvelisa isiginali ehambelana nayo.
Kubalulekile ukuba izixhobo, njengaso nasiphi na isixhobo, kufuneka zibenekhadi elingenazingcingo, inokuba sesixhobo sombane esingenazingcingo ukuze sikwazi ukumisela uqhagamshelo kwinethiwekhi kwaye sisebenzise wonke umsebenzi onikwa yile teknoloji ye-WiFi.
Ngenxa yoku, okwangoku kungafunyanwa ukuba izixhobo eziphathwayo zinamakhadi angenazingcingo ukuze angaxhomekeki kwiadaptha engenazingcingo ezisebenzisa izixhobo ezindala.
Ngeekhompyuter ezindala, kuye kwafuneka usebenzise iadaptha apho kufuneka idityaniswe khona kwizibuko le-USB, nangona kunjalo bekukho ukhetho lokusebenzisa ikhadi elingenazingcingo elinokuthi lixhume kwislot equlethe amakhadi e-PCI.
Ezinye iimfuno
Kwimeko yeekhompyuter ezinje ngeeprinta okanye iidesktops, ezi okanye zinekhadi elingenazingcingo ukuseka uqhagamshelo olungenazingcingo kufuneka basebenzise iadaptha engenazingcingo enokuqhagamshelwa kwizibuko le-USB elisisifinyezo esiNgesini kwi-Serial Bus jikelele.
Ngeekhompyuter zedesktop nazo zine-slot ye-PCI, kulapho unakho ukuqhagamshela ikhadi elingenazingcingo ukuba ube nethuba lokungena kwinethiwekhi ye-WiFi. I-router isebenza njengebhulorho eya kwikhonkco eliphambili lesango kunxibelelwano olungenazingcingo.
Njengoko le router ingenacingo, uqhagamshelo kwinethiwekhi ye-Ethernet lunokusekwa ngentambo enika ukufikelela kwi-intanethi, kungatsho ukuba i-router inezibuko apho uqhagamshelo lwentambo okanye imodem yeDSL lusekiwe.
Uqwalaselo lwendlela engenazingcingo
Uqwalaselo oluthile kufuneka lusekwe kumzila ongenazingcingo, oku kuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo kunxibelelwano olungenazingcingo, ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ubumbeko olusisiseko lwezixhobo olunalo okanye olumiselwe kwangaphambili. Ukulungiselela le nto, i-SSID iyafumaneka, sisifinyezo kwisiNgesi sokuchonga iseti yenkonzo, eligama lenethiwekhi.
Kungenxa yale ndlela ukumiselwa okungagqibekanga kusekwe ngegama lomenzi wophawu. Xa ufuna ukwenza uguquko olufunekayo, ungagcina eli gama lingagqibekanga okanye linokutshintshelwa kwigama elikhethiweyo.
Njengemfuneko, ukucwangciswa kwejelo elifunyenwe kwi-router kufuneka kuguqulwe, okunokumiselwa okungagqibekanga okuyindlela yesitayile. kuba inokuvela kwamanye amakhaya akule ndawo.
Iinkcukacha ngokubanzi
Unokubonisa ithuba lokutshintsha ukhetho lokhuseleko olufumanekayo kwi-router, ukugcina idilesi ye-intanethi ikhona, ukuze ukwazi ukulawula ukuba zeziphi izixhobo ezinemvume yokufikelela kwinethiwekhi ethile.
Unokusebenzisa ubumbeko loqhagamshelo olusemgangathweni olufumanekayo kuba lunokusekwa njengabucala okanye uqhagamshelo kuluntu apho kulapho nasiphi na isixhobo esivunyelweyo ukufikelela kunethiwekhi esekwe kunye nokusebenzisa i-intanethi.
Kodwa ukushiya ubumbeko kunye nenketho yokufikelela eluntwini kunokuzisa ezinye izinto eziphazamisayo kuba zichaphazelekile kuhlaselo lwenethiwekhi nangubani na ofuna ukuba idatha ekhoyo kwinethiwekhi. Kungenxa yoko le nto kucetyiswa ukuba usete iphasiwedi ukwandisa ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi esekwe kwaye kuya kufuneka unyanzelise igama lomsebenzisi lenethiwekhi engenazingcingo.
Iindawo ezisebenzayo
Ukuqonda ukuba isebenza njani i-WiFi, kuya kufuneka uyazi iindawo ezisebenzisanayo. Okwangoku, amashishini eekhompyuter ngokunxulumene neekhompyuter kunye nee-smartphones ziyakhula ngenxa yemfuno yazo ephezulu yezixhobo, kungatsho ukuba usuku ngalunye oludlulayo lufumana ukuthandwa ngakumbi phakathi kwabantu.
Ezi ndawo zidibeneyo apho uqhagamshelo lweWiFi lwenziwe ngocwangciso loluntu phakathi kwalo olunokuthi lusetyenziswe nguye nawuphi na umsebenzisi. Ukususela kumzuzu isixhobo kunye nezixhobo zivuliwe, unxibelelwano lwe-WiFi lunokwenziwa.
Ngale nto ikwaveze ukuba ukhetho lugcinwa lwenziwe xa ucinyiwe, xa izixhobo zivuliwe, kukhangelwa iinethiwekhi ezikhoyo ukuseka unxibelelwano ngaphandle kwamacingo.
Unethuba kunye nethuba onokukhetha inethiwekhi ofuna ukuyidibanisa, ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhethe uthungelwano olunophawu lomeleleyo kuba lunika ukhuseleko olukhulu lokuzinza.
Kuyaziwa ukuba kwiindawo ezinonxibelelwano olu nxibelelwano lungenziwa ngaphandle kwengxaki kuba ngokubanzi alibonisi mfuneko yokufaka igama lomsebenzisi womnatha kunye negama lokugqitha elinokubakho. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindawo ezisebenzisanayo ezifuna ukuba ezi ndawo ezithile kufuneka zingeniswe ukuze zinxibelelane nenethiwekhi.
Kule meko, indawo yokunxibelelana inenethiwekhi yabucala.Ingabonakaliswa kwakhona ukuze ungene kwinethiwekhi yommandla othile wokunxibelelana, umntu kufuneka ahlawule ukufumana igama lomsebenzisi kunye negama eligqithisiweyo lwenethiwekhi.
Oku kwenzelwa ukugcina ukhuseleko olukhulu kuthungelwano ukuze abantu bangangeni ngeenjongo zokwenza i-cyberattack kwinethiwekhi. Kungenxa yoko le nto kucetyiswa ukuba xa usebenzisa uqhagamshelo lwenethiwekhi ukhuseleko lwezixhobo eziza kuqhagamshelwa ukugcina yonke idatha ebalulekileyo ikhuselekile.
