Iingcali zokhuselo lwe-cyber zichaza ukuba intsholongwane ye-computer luhlobo lwe-malware, kunye neentshulube, ezinokuziphindaphinda ngenjongo yokonakalisa iinkqubo ezininzi kangangoko. Kule nqaku, sichaza iintlobo zeentsholongwane zekhompyuter yingozi kwinkqubo. Siyathemba ukuba iluncedo.
Iindidi zentsholongwane zekhompyuter
Iindidi zeentsholongwane zekhompyuter ziinkqubo ezinobungozi ezonakalisa okanye ziguqula iifayile okanye ezinye iinkqubo. Iintsholongwane zisebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ingena kwikhowudi yayo enobungozi kwinxalenye yangaphakathi yefayile, ukuze kuthi, ngalo mzuzu, ifayile, ethi ibe yinto ephumezekayo, ihlale ingumntu ophethe le ntsholongwane kwaye ke, ophindaphindwayo koku.
Nazi ezahlukeneyo iintlobo zeentsholongwane zekhompyuter ezinokuguqula okanye zonakalise iinkqubo:
isoftwe
Lixesha lekhompyuter lobuchwephesha elibangelwa kukudibana kwamagama: isoftware enobungozi okanye isoftware enobungozi. Ezi iintlobo zeentsholongwane zekhompyuter, yenzelwe ukungena kunye nokonakalisa ikhompyuter okanye iifayile ngaphandle kwemvume evela kumniniyo.
Ke, i-malware yenziwe ngokukodwa ukubhekisa kulo naluphi na usongelo lwekhompyuter. Ngaphakathi kwezi iintlobo zeentsholongwane zekhompyuter, Kukho iindidi ezininzi ezineenkcukacha ngakumbi ngokwesoyikiso ngasinye ezinje ngeentshulube, iTrojans, ii-virus zekhompyuter, i-adware, ispyware okanye i -hlengoware.
Intsholongwane yekhompyuter
Olu luhlobo lwe-malware, umsebenzi wayo kukuchaphazela ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwenkqubo. Indlela yokosulela kungokusebenzisa ikhowudi enobungozi, kwaye eyona nto ifunekayo kukuba ifuna ukuthatha inxaxheba komsebenzisi wenkqubo ukuze asebenze, kwaye ngalo mzuzu, ulawulo ukuze onakalise ikhompyuter ngokusasazeka.
Kukho ezahlukileyo iintlobo zeentsholongwane zekhompyuter, ezo zenzelwe ukucaphukisa kuphela, kodwa zikhona ezinye ezonakalisa ikhompyuter, zisuse iifayile ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo nakwindlela esebenza ngayo.
Ngokubanzi, abahlali bazimele, kodwa endaweni yoko bajonge njengeefayile ezisebenzayo, umzekelo: Windows .exe.
Umbungu wekhompyuter
Olu lolunye uhlobo lwentsholongwane ekhompyuter ye-malware eqhelekileyo, kwaye umahluko ngeentsholongwane kukuba akukho mfuneko yokuba umsebenzisi okanye nayiphi na ifayile itshintshwe ukuba ichaphazele ikhompyuter. Njengentsholongwane, inokuphindaphinda kwaye isasazeke.
Xa ungena kwikhompyuter, umbungu uzama ukufumana iidilesi zezinye iikhompyuter ngokusebenzisa uluhlu lokudibana, ukuthumela iikopi kunye nokubosulela.
Banokwenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yekhompyuter icothe kakhulu, kwaye yenza ukuba ikhompyuter yakho ithumele imiyalezo ngaphandle kwemvume nge-imeyile okanye nayiphi na inethiwekhi yoluntu.
ITrojan
ITrojan izama ukungabonwa ngelixa ingena kwikhompyuter ukuze ithathe amanyathelo ukuzama ukuvula inkqubo kwezinye iinkqubo ezinobungozi ezinokuthi zingene kuyo.
Enye yezinto eziqhelekileyo phakathi kweeklasi ezahlukeneyo ze-malware kukuba bazama ukungena kwinkqubo ngokungathi ziifayile ezisemthethweni. Le malware ingena kwikhompyuter yakho njengenkqubo yezomthetho kwaye ngelixa ngaphakathi, yenza indawo phakathi kwenkqubo yokhuselo kwezinye iifayile ze-malware zokungena nokusulela. IiTrojans azinako ukuzisasaza.
Spyware
Ezi ezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane zekhompyuter zinokufakwa kwikhompyuter yakho, zisebenza ngokufihlakeleyo, zizifihla ngokusisigxina ukuze ukhuseleko lwakho lungasebenzi.
Injongo yayo kukuqokelela lonke ulwazi malunga nomsebenzisi, izinto ezenziwa kwikhompyuter, umxholo wediski enzima, usetyenziso kunye neenkqubo ezifakiweyo kunye nazo zonke iintshukumo ezenziwa kwi-intanethi.
Adware
Ezi iintlobo zeentsholongwane zekhompyuterLuhlobo lwenkqubo ekunzima ukuyicacisa, kuba ayichaphazeli ikhompyuter, kodwa inenjongo yokungena kuyo kunye nokufundisa intengiso, ngelixa ikwi-intanethi xa inkqubo isebenza.
Olu hlobo lwesoftware lufakiwe kwiinkqubo ezithi kamva zisasaze simahla, ziyindlela yokwenza imali kubavelisi.
ransomware
Ezi iintlobo zeentsholongwane zekhompyuter, linoxanduva lokuxhwila ulwazi kwikhompyuter kwaye lucele intlawulelo yemali ukuze kukhutshwe ulwazi. Le yenye ye-malware ethandwa kakhulu kutshanje, yiyo loo nto kucetyiswa ukuba uyihlaziye ngokusisigxina i-antivirus.
Ezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane zekhompyuter
Kukho ezinye iintlobo okanye iiklasi ngokweempawu zazo, ezona zibalulekileyo zichazwe apha ngezantsi:
Iintsholongwane zokuhlala
Olu hlobo lwentsholongwane yekhompyuter lufihla ngaphakathi kwimemori ye-RAM kwaye ukusuka apho, bayakwazi ukuthintela zonke iintshukumo ezenziwa kwinkqubo, ukonakalisa zonke iinkqubo okanye usetyenziso olwenziweyo.
Intsholongwane esebenza ngokuthe ngqo
Eyona njongo iphambili yale ntsholongwane kukuziphindaphinda kwaye xa ifikelele kwimeko yayo efanelekileyo, iyakwazi ukuzenza isebenze kwaye iye kwiinkqubo nakwizicelo zokubosulela.
Bhala ngaphezulu intsholongwane
Ezi ntsholongwane zichaphazela ngokukodwa ifayile eyosulelekileyo, kuba zibhala kumxholo wayo, zilawula ukuba zonakaliswe ngokupheleleyo.
Intsholongwane
Ezi iintlobo zeentsholongwane zekhompyuterAbazichaphazeli iifayile okanye iinkqubo, kodwa endaweni yoko ziidrive ezinzima ezinekhompyuter. Baqala ngokuchaphazeleka indawo yokuqalisa yezixhobo zokugcina okanye iihard drive.
Xa ikhomputha iqala ngesixhobo esigciniweyo, intsholongwane yesiqalo iya kuyosulela kule diski. Le ntsholongwane ayenzakalisi ikhompyuter ukuba nje ayizukuqala, ke eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo kukukhusela zonke izixhobo zokugcina ekubhaleni
Intsholongwane kulawulo
Le ntsholongwane iguqula iidilesi ezibonisa ukuba zigcinwa phi iifayile okanye iinkqubo. Ngale ndlela, xa inkqubo isebenza, intsholongwane iyasebenza. Kwaye xa usulelo lwenziwe, akunakwenzeka ukuba ulufumane, kuncinci, ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa iifolda.
Iintsholongwane zePolymorphic
Ngaba zikhona iintlobo zeentsholongwane zekhompyuter ukuba ngalo lonke ixesha bosulela, zifakwe kwikhowudi ngokwahlukileyo, ngaloo ndlela ziphuhlisa inani elikhulu leekopi, ukuthintela i-antivirus ekuzifumaneni.
Iintsholongwane ezininzi
Oku kwenza uthotho losulelo, umsebenzi wabo osisiseko kukosulela naliphi na icandelo, ifayile okanye inkqubo.
Intsholongwane yefayile
Le ntsholongwane ichaphazela iinkqubo okanye iifolda ezinokuphunyezwa. Xa usenza inkqubo enayo, iyaqhubeka yenziwe ukuba isebenze.
Intsholongwane yeFAT
Le ntsholongwane ihlasela izinto ezisisiseko kwikhompyuter, imisa ukungena kwiindawo ezithile zediski, apho kunokwenzeka khona ukugcina iifolda ezisisiseko okanye ezo zikwimeko ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni ngokuchanekileyo kwekhompyuter.
Ukuba uluthandile olu lwazi, siyakumema ukuba uphonononge ezi ezinye amakhonkco onomdla:
Iindidi zeebhasi kwi-Informatics kunye nokuSebenza kwayo
Umlawuli weMisebenzi kunye nokusebenza kwayo kwiWindows