Iindidi zeetopiki zenethiwekhi kunye neempawu zazo

Los iintlobo zeetopiki zenethiwekhi kunye neempawu zazoYenza imephu ebonakalayo yenethiwekhi, ebavumela ukuba batshintshe idatha kunye nolwazi. Kule nqaku uza kuba nokufunda ngakumbi ngesi sihloko sinomdla.

iintlobo ze-network-topologies kunye neempawu zazo 1

Iindidi zeetopiki zenethiwekhi kunye neempawu zazo

Xa uthetha ngesi sihloko emhlabeni wekhompyuter, kubhekiswa kulwakhiwo nakwimephu ebonakalayo kunye nengqiqo abathi abaphuhlisi kunye neenkqubo basebenzise ukutshintshiselana ngedatha ngenkqubo yenethiwekhi.

Iindidi zetopology yenethiwekhi kunye neempawu zazo zinoncedo oluvumela iindawo ezahlukeneyo (iikhompyuter, iiprinta, iiseva, iihabhu, iitshintshi kunye nee-routers) ukuba zidityaniswe, ukuze kuthunyelwe idatha kunye nolwazi kulowo nalowo.

Iqulethwe yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-topology ebonakalayo, yindlela apho iintambo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-media zidibene khona, phakathi kweendawo, kunye ne-topology efanelekileyo apho indlela apho imikhosi ifikelela kumajelo. Jonga njani Yakha intambo yenethiwekhi

Ukuyibeka ngamanye amagama, yindlela eyilwe ngayo inethiwekhi. Olu luvo lunento yokwenza nombutho kunye nokunxibelelana kwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezivumela ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kunye nolwazi kwiindawo ezithile.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-topology zenethiwekhi kunye neempawu zazo, ezenza ukuba nganye ibe yinkqubo eyahlukileyo kwenye. Lo mmandla wenziwa ngabadwelisi benkqubo abahlukeneyo ekufuneka bazi iikhowudi ezahlukeneyo kwaye balawule ulwimi oluthile lwekhompyuter yedijithali.

iintlobo-zenethiwekhi-topologies-kunye neempawu zazo 2

Ukudityaniswa, uhlobo lweetopiki zenethiwekhi kunye neempawu zazo zivumela ukuseka indlela yokuqhagamshela inkonzo ye-intanethi kumboneleli kunye nendlela yayo yokuhambisa nge-router. I-topology ivumela ukusekwa kwendlela ekufuneka zilawulwe ngayo i-transmissions kwaye ziya kubhekiswa phi.

Uyilo luvumela iswitshi ukuba iqhagamshelwe kolunye utshintsho okanye i-router, enokuthi ikhokelele kumamkeli okanye kwindawo yokusebenza. Oku kudala uhlobo lwamasebe afana nomthi, emva koko iyaxatyiswa indlela i-router yokuqala ehambisa ngayo kuzo zonke izixhobo ngeendlela.

Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zenethiwekhi zinokuphuhliswa ngokumisela uyilo olusisiseko, olusoloko luhambelana nokunxibelelana phakathi kweendawo. Umgama phakathi kwabo umisela amajelo osasazo okanye imithombo yeendaba. Nangona kunjalo, into nganye yenza unxibelelwano ngokwasemzimbeni, amaqondo okuhambisa kunye nomqondiso ngamanye amaxesha unokuchaphazela ukusebenza ngokukuko kwenethiwekhi.

Izinto ezenza ukuba eli nyathelo lenzeke ngumnatha wenethiwekhi, izixhobo zenethiwekhi, iiterminal kunye nejelo apho idatha ihamba khona ibizwa ngokuba yimithombo yeendaba zonxibelelwano. Ezi zinto zivumela ukwakheka kwemephu yokwakha yenkqubo yenethiwekhi, ebizwa ngokuba yitopiki yenethiwekhi. Emva koko siza kubona iintlobo ze-topology yenethiwekhi kunye neempawu zazo ezingezantsi.

Zithini topologies?

Kwilizwe lothungelwano, abaqulunqi beenkqubo kunye nabaphuhlisi bathathela ingqalelo iindidi ezisibhozo kuphela zetopiki yenethiwekhi kunye neempawu zazo xa kucwangciswa kwaye kulungiswa uthungelwano. Le yimithi okanye ubume obuphezulu, ibhasi, iringi okanye isetyhula, inkwenkwezi, umnatha, kunye nePoyinti yokwalatha, masibone.

iintlobo-zenethiwekhi-topologies-kunye neempawu zazo 3

Umthi, ubukhosi okanye umthi

Olu hlobo lwetoyoloji lubonwa njengengqokelela yenethiwekhi ekwimo yenkwenkwezi kodwa icwangciswe kakuhle. Kuxhomekeke kubukhosi bayo, ulwakhiwo luyasekwa ngokusekwe kwindawo nganye ebizwa ngokuba ngamagqabi. Amanqanaba adlulisa kwaye afumane idatha evela kwenye indawo kwaye awuphathi uphindaphindo. Yahluke kakhulu kwezinye iingqokelela yezobuchwephesha apho banoxanduva lokusasaza kuphela.

Iindawo ezizodwa zibekelwe bucala kwinethiwekhi ngenxa yempazamo ebangelwe kwindlela yoqhagamshelo lwendlela ngokwayo. Ukusilela kuvumela i-node yamagqabi ukuba ibekelwe bucala, kodwa ukuba ikhonkco elipheleleyo lisilele, eli candelo linokubekwa lodwa kubangele ukuba kunqumle uhlobo oluthile losasazo.

Oku kwenzeka ngokubanzi ngenxa yokugcwala kwetrafikhi, ke kubalulekile ukuba uphuhlise iindawo eziphambili ezinceda ukugcina imenyu yolwazi eyahlukileyo kunaleyo idityaniswe nenethiwekhi. Ubume benethiwekhi emva koko benziwa buhambisa iipakethi zedatha kuzo zonke iindawo, ezivumela ukuba zisetyenziswe njengezihlanganisi.

ibhasi

Ikwabizwa ngokuba "ngumjelo oqhelekileyo", "umgca" okanye "umgca", yenye yezona zinto zinomdla kakhulu ezikhoyo kwiintlobo zeetopiki zenethiwekhi kunye neempawu zayo, ithathwa njengenye yezona zilula ukuziphuhlisa. Ulwakhiwo luqukethe ijelo lonxibelelwano le-PtP elidibanisa abasebenzisi kwaye lihlala libadibanisa phakathi kweendawo ezimbini zokuphela.

Isebenza ngokufana nefowuni ebizwa ngokuba yitin esetyenziswa ngabantwana ukudlala nokunxibelelana. Xa inkqubo yonxibelelwano yenziwa ngendlela etshintshiweyo, isangqa esisigxina siyasekwa. Ngokwamagama aqondakalayo, isebenza ngokufana nomnxeba, xa icwangciselwe kuphela ukufowunela inombolo ethile kwaye ngokusisigxina.

Olu nxibelelwano luhlala lude lufuneka, lunokukhutshwa xa lufuneka. Kufana nokudiliza unxibelelwano lwenkqubo, emva kokuba iwenzile umsebenzi emva koko inqanyulwe.

Isangqa, isetyhula okanye isangqa

Inethiwekhi ekuvumela ukuba uququzelele kwaye uodole iinethiwekhi ngendlela ezinzileyo. I-node nganye inxibelelana nezinye iindawo ezenza ukuhanjiswa kunye nonxibelelwano olunye. Emva koko indlela eyahlukileyo yenziwa phakathi kweendawo ezivumela ukuphatha iipakethi zedatha nganye.

I-topology yeringini ayinakubonwa ngokungafaniyo nangona kukho ukugcwala kumacala omabini okanye ujika ngendlela esetyhula, ukwenza uhlobo lweringi. Inokucwangciswa ngendlela eya kumacala amabini, apho iringi ivumela ukubonelela ngendlela enye phakathi kweendawo ezimbini.

Ezi ndlela zothumelo ngamanye amaxesha zinokuphazanyiswa ukuba ezinye zeendawo zinengxaki. Phakathi kwezibonelelo kukuba isixhobo ngasinye sinokufikelela kuthokheni, sinethuba lokuhambisa ngaphandle kweengxaki.

Ayifuni node esembindini yokulawula unxibelelwano phakathi kweekhompyuter. Ikwavumela izixhobo ukuba ziqwalasele inkqubo ye Ukunyanzeliswa ngokususa intambo kuphela.

randy

Iindidi zeetoyoloji kunye neempawu zazo ziyabavumela ukuba babonelele ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zomsebenzisi okanye zenkampani. Kule meko, inkwenkwezi yeenkwenkwezi okanye inkwenkwezi njengoko ibizwa njalo, iyakuthintela ukubakho kwenethiwekhi. Oku kwenziwa ngokudibanisa zonke iindawo ukuya kwindawo engumbindi.

Elona node liphakathi lithumela usasazo olufumanayo nakuliphi na ipheripherali node kunye nazo zonke iindawo ezikunethiwekhi. Iipheripheral node zidibanisa kunye nomnye, zidlulisela kuphela kwi-node ephakathi. Ukuba kukho ukusilela kumgca wonxibelelwano wayo nayiphi na indawo, eyona node iphakathi inokubangela ukwahlulwa kwayo

Ingxaki kuphela kukuba i-node esembindini yenziwe ngokutsha ixhasa isixa esikhulu sezithuthi. Kungenxa yoko le nto olu hlobo lwetoyoloji yolwakhiwo luyacetyiswa kwiinkqubo ezincinci kwaye hayi kwiinkqubo zothumelo ezivelisa isixa sezithuthi kunye nomthamo omkhulu ekuthumeleni nasekufumaneni idatha.

Unxweme

Le topology yenethiwekhi luhlobo lonxibelelwano olufana nolo lwangaphambili apho node nganye iqhagamshelwe kuzo zonke iindawo. Ivumela ukuthwala imiyalezo isuka kwenye indawo iye kwenye iye ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Xa umnatha womnatha uqhagamshelwe ngokupheleleyo, akukho siphazamiso kunxibelelwano. Ikwavumela iserver nganye ukuba iseke unxibelelwano lwayo kunye nezinye iiseva.

Uncedo kolu hlobo lwetopiki yenethiwekhi kunye neempawu zayo kukuba ayakhiwanga nge-node esembindini, oku kudala uqikelelo apho ukusilela kunqunyelwe khona. Ukuvumela ulondolozo ixesha elide. Olunye uncedo kukuba uxhulumaniso luyanyamalala, aluchaphazeli iindawo zenethiwekhi.

Uthungelwano lwe-mesh luthembeke kakhulu, lucutha ukungafuneki, kunye nokuzithemba kuyanyamezelana nokusilela okuphezulu. Enye yezinto ezingalunganga kolu hlobo lwetoyoloji yenethiwekhi kukuba zibiza kancinci ukuyifaka. Zifuna unxibelelwano lwendawo nganye kunye nezinye iindawo.

Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ukwanda kokunxibelelana okukhudlwana ekufuneka umntu ngamnye abe nako. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile ukuba ubume be-topology esekwe kunxibelelwano olunentambo okanye olungenazingcingo. Ukungafuneki kweendlela kwindawo enye kuya kunciphisa ukubakho kweentsilelo.

Enye yezinto ezingalunganga kukuba ukunyuka kweendleko zofakelo kunokuba phezulu xa uzama ukuseka uthungelwano ngeentambo. Oko bakhokelela ekuphumezeni ukusetyenziswa kwesixa esikhulu semithombo yobutyebi phakathi kwabo kuphuma ukuba bazi Ukuqhagamshela njani kwinethiwekhi  ukufumana isakhiwo esinenzuzo ngakumbi.

Inqaku ngenqaku

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi "Point to Point Protocol" okanye "Peer-to-Peer", imele iintlobo zeetopiki zenethiwekhi kunye neempawu zazo, ezisebenzisa amanethiwekhi amade (WAN), ii-algorithms zokudibanisa zinzima ngandlela ithile. Iimpazamo zilungiswa kwiindawo eziphakathi kunye naseziphelweni.

I-point-to-point network zizo ziphendula kuhlobo loyilo lwenethiwekhi apho ishaneli nganye yedatha isetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana neekhompyuter ezimbini kuphela, ngokuchasene ngokucacileyo neenethiwekhi ezininzi, apho ijelo ngalinye ledatha linokusetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Izixhobo zenethiwekhi zisebenza ngokufanayo kwaye zibini ngazinye. Isixhobo ngasinye sithatha indima yokukhupha okanye ukwamkela. Ukuntsokotha kwale nkqubo kukuvumela ukuba useke ukuzimela kwisicelo somyalezo. Iindima zihlala zibuyiselwa umva kwaye umamkeli abe ngumthumeli.

Izikhululo zifumana kuphela imiyalezo ekhutshwe ziindawo zenethiwekhi. Bachonga isikhululo sokufumana ngokwedilesi yokuthumela. Unxibelelwano phakathi kweendawo lwenziwa ngenkqubo yokuhambisa enye okanye nangaphezulu. Ezi zinokubathumela ngezantya ezahlukeneyo, zivumele ukuba zisebenze ngokufanayo. Iindawo eziphakathi zinokuvelisa ukugcwala ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomyalezo abawuthumelayo.

Ukulibaziseka kungenxa yokuhamba kwemiyalezo ngeendlela eziphakathi. Iindleko zofakelo zixhomekeke kwinani leentambo ezifunekayo kuqhagamshelo oluphambili kunye nenombolo yamakhonkco phakathi konxibelelwano.


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