La ikhompyutha yedijithali, Yintsimi ye-elektroniki ebandakanya ukufundwa kweempawu zedijithali ukuze kuqhubekeke kwaye kulawulwe iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye nenkqubo esezantsi, ngokuchaseneyo ne-elektroniki ye-analog kunye nemiqondiso ye-analog. Ke, ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nesi sihloko kunye nawo onke amanqaku afanelekileyo, qhubeka ufunda eli nqaku.
Yintoni i-elektroniki yedijithali? neziseko zayo eziphambili.
Yintoni i-Digital Electronics?
Singatsho ukuba zimbini iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemiqondiso, enye yi-analog okanye iyaqhubeka kwaye enye yidijithali okanye ikwahlukile. Ke ngoko, isayensi okanye icandelo lophando kwiindawo zobunjineli zibizwa ngokuba yi-analog kunye ne-elektroniki yedijithali ngokwahlukeneyo. Ke ngoku kwindawo ye ikhompyutha yedijithali, kubalulekile ukuqonda uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo olunazo.
Ke, ukusuka kubuchwephesha bemizi-mveliso ukuya kwiindawo ezithile zonxibelelwano, ukusuka kwiinkqubo ezihlanganisiweyo ezincinci ukuya kwizixhobo zomkhosi. Ke, mhlawumbi olona tshintsho luphambili lwe-elektroniki, ukwehla kobungakanani kunye nokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji.
La ikhompyutha yedijithali, Imalunga neenkqubo zombane ezisebenzisa isiginali yedijithali endaweni ye-analog. Oku ikwangowona mboniso uqhelekileyo we-algebra ye-Boolean kwaye sisiseko sayo yonke imijikelezo yedijithali yeekhompyuter kunye nayiphi na imveliso yabathengi, enjengeeselfowuni.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo neqhelekileyo yeyunithi ye ikhompyutha yedijithali, isango elinengqiqo. Amasango ahlukeneyo, ukuya kuthi ga kumashumi amawaka, abekwe ndawonye ukuze iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zenziwe kunokuba zaziwa. Inkqubo yedijithali entsonkothileyo yolu hlobo lwe-elektroniki yaziwa njengeisekethe yedijithali. Inxalenye enkulu yeenjineli ze-elektroniki, imigaqo ye «isekethe yedijithali«,» Logic »kunye« nenkqubo yedijithali », inokutshintshwa ngaphakathi komxholo othetha nathi malunga neesekethe zedijithali.
UKUQALA
Isekethe yedijithali inokwakhiwa ngokwendalo ukusuka kwiisekethi ezincinci zombane ezaziwa ngokuba ngamasango enengqondo, anokusetyenziselwa ukwenza ulwazi oludibeneyo. Onke amasango enengqondo ayilelwe ukuba akwazi ukwenza umsebenzi we-Boolean logic xa esenza imiqondiso ethile.
Isango elinengqondo lihlala livela kulunye okanye ngaphezulu kokulawulwa kombane, okuyi-transistors, kodwa ii-valves ze-thermionic ziye zasebenzisa imbali. Imveliso yesango elinengqondo, emva koko inokulawula okanye yokondla ngakumbi amasango enengqondo.
Enye indlela yokujonga isekethe yedijithali kukwakha ukusuka kwiitafile zokujonga, ezinye zithengiswa njenge "zixhobo ezinokucwangciswa", nangona zikhona ezinye iintlobo ze-PLD. Iitafile zokujonga zingasebenzisa imisebenzi efanayo noomatshini abasebenza esangweni, nangona kunjalo zinokucwangciswa ngokulula ngaphandle kokutshintsha iintambo.
Oku kuthetha ukuba umyili ngesiqhelo unokulungisa iimpazamo zoyilo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokutshintsha ubume bekhebula. Ke kwiimveliso ezincinci zomthamo, izixhobo ezinengqondo ezinokucwangciswa zinokuba sesona sisombululo sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ke, zihlala zenziwe ziinjineli zisebenzisa isoftware yoyilo oluzenzekelayo.
Imijikelezo edityanisiweyo inee-transistors ezininzi kwi-chip ye-silicone kwaye yeyona ndlela inexabiso eliphantsi yokwenza awona masango axhumeneyo.
Iisekethi ezihlanganisiweyo ngokubanzi zifunyenwe zingeniswe kwibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo, eyibhodi enezinto zombane kwaye inxibelelana nomkhondo wobhedu.
Uyilo
Kwelinye icala, sinokuthi iinjineli zisebenzisa iindlela ezininzi ukunciphisa ukungafuneki okunengqondo ukuze kuncitshiswe ubunzima beesekethe.
Ukunciphisa eli candelo ukuntsonkotha kunye neempazamo ezinokubakho, ke ngoko, zihlala zithande ukunciphisa iindleko. Ukuhlengahlengisa okunengqondo kunokupheliswa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezininzi ezaziwayo, ezinje ngemizobo yezigqibo ezibini, iimephu zeKarnaugh, iBoolean algebra, kunye nendlela yokubala yobugcisa.
Iinkqubo ezihlanganisiweyo ezinee-microcontroller kunye ne-logic programmable controllers zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-logic yedijithali kwiinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ezifuna ukusebenza ngokukuko. Ke ezi nkqubo zihlala zicwangcisiwe ziinjineli zesoftware okanye oombane, kusetyenziswa ulwimi lweleli.
Masizazi izibonelelo eziziswa kukusetyenziswa kwe-elektroniki yedijithali.
Ukumelwa
Ezi zinto zimelweyo zibalulekile kuyilo lwenjineli yedijithali yoyilo. Ukukhetha ukumelwa, iinjineli ziqwalasele iintlobo zeenkqubo zedijithali. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokumela iisekethe kukusetwa okufanayo kwamasango enengqondo.
Isimboli ngasinye esisengqiqweni simelwe yifom eyahlukileyo. Iseti yokwenyani yemilo yaziswa ngo-1984 ngokungqinelana nomgangatho we-IEEE / ANSI 91-1984 kwaye ngoku yenye yezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngabavelisi beesekethe ezihlanganisiweyo. Enye indlela yokwakha inkqubo yokutshintsha kombane. Yintoni enokumelwa njengetafile yenyani.
Inxalenye enkulu yeenkqubo zedijithali zinokwahlulwa ngokweenkqubo zokudibanisa kunye nokulandelelana. Kwinkqubo yokudibanisa, iziphumo ezifanayo zihlala ziboniswa xa kufakwa izinto ezifanayo.
Inkqubo elandelelanayo yindibaniselwano enye kunye neziphumo ezininzi ezibuyiselwe umva njengeziphumo. Oku kubangela oomatshini bedijithali ukuba benze ngokulandelelana kwemisebenzi.
Inkqubo elandelelanayo esisiseko ngokungathandabuzekiyo yiflop flop, eyindlela emele inani elinambini okanye "isuntswana". Iinkqubo zokulandelelana ngokubanzi ziyilelwe njengomatshini wombuso. Ngale ndlela, iinjineli zinokuyila indlela yokuziphatha engacacanga yenkqubo kwaye bayayivavanya ngaphakathi kokulinganisa, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iinkcukacha zemisebenzi yokucinga.
Ukwenza ulungelelwaniso lwengcinga, yonke imelo yesekethe yedijithali ineefomathi zefayile yedijithali, enokuthi iqhutywe ngabo bonke abaqulunqi beenkqubo ezinolwazi.
Izinto eziluncedo ze-elektroniki yedijithali
- Kuqala sinokuba neesekethe zedijithali ezilula ukuyila.
- Banokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokucwangciswa.
- Iimpawu ezidlulisiweyo azithobi kumgama omde.
- Kwakhona, le miqondiso yedijithali inokugcinwa ngokulula.
- Izixhobo ze-elektroniki zedijithali ngokuthelekisekayo zikhuselekile 'kwimpazamo' kunye 'nengxolo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezithile zoyilo olukhawulezayo, nayiphi na ingxolo encinci inokukhokelela kwimpazamo kumqondiso.
- Iisekethe ezingaphezulu zedijithali zinokwenziwa kwiichips ezihlanganisiweyo; Oku kuyakusinceda ukuba sifumane iinkqubo ezimbaxa ngobukhulu obuncinci.
- Umbane ongaphakathi kwalo naliphi na inqanaba lesekethe yedijithali unokuba sezantsi okanye ngaphezulu; ke mancinci amathuba okudideka.
- Iisekethe zedijithali zinokuthenjwa ngakumbi kuba iziphumo zazo lixesha elingenasiphelo, ngelixa iisekethe zeanalog zingatshintsha iziphumo kunye nokusingqongileyo.
- Kukhuseleke ngakumbi kwaye inqanaba lokuhambisa liphezulu kakhulu nge-bandwidth ebanzi.
Ukubaluleka kwe-elektroniki yedijithali
Kukho iinkalo ezininzi zobunjineli bombane kwindawo yesayensi kunye nobunjineli. Oku kufuna imfuneko yokuba nakho ukwenza isakhelo sedijithali.
Iinjineli zekhompyuter zinolwazi olubanzi kwicandelo lombane, uyilo lwesoftware, kunye nezixhobo kunye nokudityaniswa kwesoftware endaweni yendawo enye yombane.
Umda woku mkhulu kakhulu, kuba uyilo lwee-microcontroller, iikhompyuter zakho, ii-microprocessors kunye neekhompyuter eziphezulu.
Kwintsimi ye-elektroniki yedijithali isebenzisa i-VLSI (Umdibaniso oMkhulu kakhulu weSikali) ethe yanciphisa ubungakanani kunye nendawo epheleleyo yeebhodi zesekethe. Oku kuphucula ukuchaneka nokusebenza kwenkqubo.
Kwaye ngeenjongo zonxibelelwano, iinkqubo zedijithali zinenzuzo ebalulekileyo ekubetheni idatha. Ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kuhlala kukhuselekile kwaye kukhuselekile. Ezi zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezibonisa ukubaluleka kokuhamba kwezinto zombane zedijithali, kunye neeprojekthi ezinkulu ezizayo.
Ukuba ulithandile eli nqaku kwaye beliluncedo, siyakumema ukuba undwendwele iwebhusayithi yethu ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngolwazi olunomdla olunokuba luncedo kuwe malunga nezinto ze-elektroniki njengoko zinjalo Yintoni itekhnoloji yabantwana? intshayelelo yendlela. Kwelinye icala, ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngalo mbandela, sikushiya le vidiyo ilandelayo ukuze ube nolwazi oluthe kratya.