Funda kulo lonke eli nqaku Uyenza njani inkqubo kwinyathelo le-pc ngenyathelo? Zonke iinkcukacha apha! Okwangoku kulungile ukwazi okuncinci malunga nenkqubo, ke ayiyongcamango embi ukwazi inkqubo ngendlela elula kwaye efanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa eli nqaku.
Uyenza njani inkqubo yePC?
Okokuqala kufuneka siqonde ukuba yinkqubo kwaye oku kubhekisa kwinkqubo esebenzisa ialgorithm kwaye iyikhombise kubameli, ulwimi lwenkqubo ukuze lwenziwe ngekhompyuter. Okokuqala kukufuna isisombululo. Ngaphandle kwe-algorithms ngekhe zibekhona iinkqubo.
Inkqubo yesayensi ayiyinkqubo yophando. Ngaphandle koku, ukwenza iinkqubo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi owenziwa zizazinzulu zekhompyuter. Ukwenza iinkqubo kuhlala kuyindlela esenza ngayo izisombululo. Ke ngoko le ntetho yolwimi kunye nenkqubo yayo yokudala iba zezona zinto zisisiseko kuqeqesho.
Ialgorithm icacisa isisombululo kwingxaki esekwe kwidatha efunekayo ukumela ingxaki. Iilwimi zenkqubo kufuneka zibonelele ngendlela yokumela iinkqubo kunye nedatha. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ulwimi lubonelela ngeendlela zokulawula kunye neentlobo zedatha.
Isakhiwo solawulo sivumela amanyathelo e-algorithm ukuba abonakaliswe ngendlela elula kodwa engaqondakaliyo. Ubuncinci, ialgorithm kufuneka yenze ngokulandelelana ngokulandelelana, yenze izakhiwo ezisebenzisanayo zokukhetha izigqibo, kunye nolawulo oluphindaphindiweyo. Logama nje ulwimi lubonelela ngale miyalelo isisiseko, inokusetyenziselwa ukumela ii-algorithms.
Siqhubekeka sisenza inkqubo. Kuya kufuneka siqale siqwalasele ubungakanani benkqubo yehlabathi jikelele yeenkqubo ukuze sikwazi ukuqonda ukuba azisekho kwi-PC, kwaye sinokuzijonga kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo.
Inqanaba lokulawula kwezi nkqubo liphezulu kakhulu, kwaye zisetyenziswa phantse kuzo zonke izixhobo ze-elektroniki namhlanje, ukusuka kwiifowuni eziphathwayo ukuya kwiimoto zale mihla. Alithandabuzeki elokuba umhlaba wethu uphantsi kotshintsho olukhulu oluphantse lwabuguqula ubomi bethu. Isidingo sokwenza iinkqubo ezintsha yinto ebonakalayo.
Kutheni ungafundi ukwenza eyakho inkqubo? Ukuba unomdla kule nto, ungakhathazeki, kuba apha ngezantsi unokufumana intshayelelo emfutshane kwicandelo lenkqubo, elilungele iinkqubo ezenza ukuba enye yeembono zakho yenzeke.
Zibuze ukuba iya kuba yintoni inkqubo yakho
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ngaphambi kokuba uqale uphuhlise eyakho inkqubo, enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kukuqonda okucacileyo kwento esiyifunayo. Uluvo oluphambili lwenkqubo kukwenza umsebenzi wokukhuthaza iinzame zabasebenzisi, ke ngoko, singasebenzisa inkqubo yethu njengesiqalo, yeyiphi imisebenzi ekufuneka siyigqibile kwaye yeyiphi eyona ndlela isebenzayo.
Ngale nto engqondweni, sinokulinganisa impumelelo yenkqubo yethu ngokubhekisele kuncedo kubasebenzisi abayisebenzisayo. Xa sicwangcisa iinkqubo, sinokubona:
- Qiniseka ukuba ujonga imisebenzi edlalwa ngabantu ngesandla kwikhompyuter yonke imihla. Ngale ndlela, unokuyilungiselela inkqubo kwiimfuno esele zikhona kwaye uzame ukufumana indlela yokwenza inkqubo isebenze, ukuze umsebenzisi angasebenzi nzima.
- Sukuchitha naziphi na izimvo ocinga ngazo, zama ukubhala phantsi zonke izimvo ocinga ngazo. Ekuqaleni, unokucinga ngento engaqhelekanga okanye engaqhelekanga, kodwa olu luvo lunokukwenza ukuba wenze into eluncedo kunye nobuchule. Inokuba nomdla kuwe:Inkqubo ejolise kwinto
Jot phantsi izimvo ezivela kwezinye iinkqubo esele zenziwe
Asibhekiseli kubusela konke konke, kodwa lukhetho olufanelekileyo lokufumanisa ukuba inkqubo yakho ilahlekile okanye ucinga ukuba kukho indlela ebhetele yokwenza lo msebenzi. Ukuba ucinga ngeengxaki abanye abantu abazenzileyo xa ucinga ngenkqubo, unokufumana indawo yokuqala egxile kwinkqubo.
Unokuyila kwakhona inkqubo efana nenye inkqubo kumnatha, ukuba nje inempawu zayo kwaye iyilwe nguwe, akusayi kubakho ngxaki nge-copyright, njengoko oku kunokusetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kuphela.
Yenza uxwebhu loyilo
Nangona oku kunokubonakala kulula, inyani kukuba yenza okungaphezulu kunoko. Xa ucinga ngendlela yokubhala inkqubo bhala phantsi zonke izimvo zakho, oku kuya kukunceda ujonge kumbono ophambili.
Ukongeza ekumiselweni ukufezekisa ezona njongo zesicwangciso, ungasisebenzisa ukucacisa zonke iimpawu kunye neenjongo zesicwangciso kwiprojekthi. Ngokwesiqhelo oku kubonakala kunzima, kodwa zininzi iitutorials kwi-intanethi zokwenza amaxwebhu ayiliweyo, ke kufuneka ujonge ukuqala ukwenza amaxwebhu.
Qala ngento elula
Impazamo enye uninzi lwabantu abafuna ukuqalisa kwicandelo lenkqubo eyenziweyo kukuyila into enzima kakhulu, ukuze bazi. Ukuba sele unamava kwaye uyile iinkqubo ngaphambili, akufuneki kube yingxaki ukuyila inkqubo enzima ngakumbi. Kodwa iikhowudi ezininzi zokuqala azikabinazo izakhono zokwenza izinto ezinzima kakhulu.
Ukuba ityala lakho ngumntu oqala ukwenza inkqubo kodwa engafundanga ngokupheleleyo kwikhompyuter, eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukuthathela ingqalelo ukuyila uyilo olulula kangangoko ukuze ufumane amava kunye nokuziqhelanisa noko kule nkqubo. Xa uqala ngokulula, oku kukwabonelela ngesakhono sokwandisa indalo yakho ngokuhamba kwexesha, ke kuyanceda kunjalo.
Funda ulwimi lwenkqubo
Ukuba uyila inkqubo okokuqala, elinye lawona macandelo anzima kuya kufuneka ujongane nawo kukufunda ulwimi lwenkqubo. Inyani yile yokuba kukho iilwimi ezininzi kwihlabathi lenkqubo, ke olona khetho lufanelekileyo kukufunda ulwimi olunye kuphela ekuqaleni.
Nangona iinkqubo zinokuyilwa ngoncedo lwezinye iinkqubo, zisinika iilwimi zenkqubo, kodwa ukufunda iilwimi ezithile ngokuthe ngqo kunokwenza kube lula kuthi ukuyila ezinye iinkqubo kwixesha elizayo.
Umhleli wombhalo
Inye into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba uyikhumbule kukuba kufuneka kubekho umhleli wombhalo olungileyo, kuba enyanisweni, zonke iinkqubo eziza kuyilwa kufuneka ziqale zibhalwe kumhleli wokubhaliweyo kwaye emva koko "zidityaniswe" ukuze enye ikhompyuter okanye enye ibe nesixhobo esiyiqhubayo. .
Ukuba awunakho ukukhuphela nayiphi na inkqubo yokuhlela isicatshulwa, ungakhathazeki, kuba ngokuzenzekelayo ikhompyuter yethu isebenzisa i-Notepad okanye i-TexEdit. Nangona kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ngokubanzi ukuba ukhuphele abanye abahleli beetekisi, ekufuneka benemisebenzi elandelayo: I-Notepad ++, i-JEdit, okanye i-Sublime Text.
Esinye sezizathu zayo yonke le nto kukwenza ukuba ikhowudi eyenziweyo ibonakale ngokulula ukuhlalutya kwaye ke yenza iinkqubo. Uncedo lweelwimi ezithile zenkqubo (ezinje ngeVisual Basic) kukuba banesabo isicatshulwa somhleli kunye nomhlanganisi, zonke zikwipakethe enye yokukhuphela.
Iinkqubo zekhowudi
Kuya kucaca ukuba inkqubo nganye iyilelwe ziinkqubo zekhowudi ezingqinelanayo, ezinokuba nzima ngakumbi okanye zibe lula. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba sifuna ukwenza ezethu iinkqubo, kufuneka sibe nokuqonda okusisiseko kwezi khowudi. Ezi khowudi zihlelwe ngamagama olwimi lwenkqubo, kwaye zininzi. Ezona ziqhelekileyo sinokuthi sigqamise:
C: Eyokuqala ilula kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuyiqonda ulwimi, edibana ngokusondeleyo nenxalenye ebonakalayo (yehardware) yekhompyuter yethu. Nangona yenye yezona zidala, iseyenye yezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje.
I-C ++: ukuba eyona nto iphambili kuyo inokuthi ibe nokujolisa kwinto, ibingenakwenzeka kuhlobo lwayo lwangaphambili "C". Okwangoku, olona lwimi lusetyenziswa ngokungathandabuzekiyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo yiC ++, kwaye phantse zonke iisoftware eziphambili kwimarike zenziwa kolu lwimi. Umzekelo ogqibeleleyo ngumkhangeli "Chrome" kunye nenkqubo yokuhlela ifoto "Photoshop".
IJava: Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngeJava, eluhlobo oluphambili lweC ++, kwaye yaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwayo okunamandla xa kuyilwa iinkqubo. Phantse zonke iikhompyuter ziyahambelana neJava, kwaye nokuba yeyiphi na inkqubo yokusebenza, iJava inokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kwengxaki. Inyani yile, iJava isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimidlalo yevidiyo nakwisoftware yeshishini, kodwa amandla akho okuyisebenzisa ayikhawulelwanga kwiindawo ezithile.
C #: Olu lulwimi olukhethekileyo kuba lujolise kwizixhobo ezine- "Windows", kodwa ukuba ucinga uninzi lwabantu abasebenzisa le nkqubo, abanangxaki nokwanda. Kunokuthiwa le yindibaniselwano yolwimi lweJava kunye neC ++, ke ukuba ungalwazi kakuhle olu lwimi lungentla, kuya kuba lula ukufunda. Ihlala isetyenziswa xa kusenziwa iinkqubo ezijolise ikakhulu kwiimveliso ze "Windows", kwaye ndiyifumana iluncedo kakhulu le nkqubo yokusebenza.
Injongo-C: "I-Apple" ifana nolwimi olusetyenziswayo lweWindows ukwenza iimveliso, kwaye ulwimi luyilelwe izixhobo zenkampani yakho. Ukuba umsebenzi wakho kukuyila iinkqubo ze-iPhone, i-iPad, kunye neekhompyuter zeMac, olu lwimi lolwakho.
Umhlanganisi
Umhlanganisi okanye itoliki ivumela iqela ukuba liqonde ulwimi lwethu lwenkqubo, ke ukuba nolwimi kubalulekile ukuba siceba ukwenza ezethu iinkqubo. Into ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba iilwimi ezintsonkothe ngakumbi (njenge-C ++, iJava, okanye uninzi lweelwimi ezintsha) ziya kufuna umhlanganisi. Ukudityaniswa kwenziwa ngokuguqula ikhowudi esiyibhalayo kwifomathi enokubonwa yikhompyuter kwaye iyenze.
Nangona oku kuvakala kulula, inyani kukuba okwangoku kukho inani elikhulu labahlanganisi, ke kufuneka siqwalasele izinto ezininzi xa sikhetha enye. Ngokubanzi, kuyacetyiswa ukufumana ikhomputha enokuthi iluqaphele ngokufanelekileyo ulwimi ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lolwimi esilusebenzisayo, kodwa kufuneka siqwalasele amandla ezixhobo zethu kunye nokuhambelana kwazo nezinye izixhobo.
Okwangoku, uninzi lweekhompyuter zinokusebenzisa ezinye iilwimi ukutolika ezi lwimi ngaphandle komqokeleli. Oku kwenzeke kuba bafake itoliki esebenzisa ulwimi, imizekelo ephambili yiPerl kunye nePython.
Funda iziseko zenkqubo
Nokuba ungakhetha oluphi uhlobo lolwimi, ekugqibeleni kuya kufuneka uqonde iziseko zenkqubo njengoko zibalulekile xa usebenzisa ulwimi. Ukwazi ukuqonda igrama yolwimi oyisebenzisayo kukunika ithuba lokuyila iinkqubo ezinamandla ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, senze uluhlu oluncinci kunye nezinye zeekhonsepithi eziqhelekileyo kwindawo yenkqubo:
- Chaza izinto eziguquguqukayo: Singazichaza izinto eziguquguqukayo njengedatha elawulwa okwethutyana kwinkqubo. Inako ukugcinwa, ukulungiswa kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yethu nangaliphi na ixesha, kwaye isetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo.
- Izibhengezo ezinemiqathango: Ezinokukhankanywa "ukuba, kungenjalo, nini", ezi zibhengezo zenza imisebenzi esisiseko yenkqubo ngendlela echazwe kwangaphambili. Bahlala besebenza ngengqondo kwaye bahlala besebenzisa iingxelo "eziyinyani okanye ezingezizo" ukwenza iintshukumo ukumisela ukuba into ilungile okanye ayilunganga.
- Imilambo: Imilambo ziifayile ezikuvumela ukuba uphinde imisebenzi eyenziwa yinkqubo amatyeli aliqela. Baza kuqhubeka nokuphinda inkqubo de kukhutshwe umyalelo wokumisa umjikelo.
Buza abanye abantu
Kwiintsuku zokuqala, kufuneka utyelele abantu abanamava kwaye ubuze imibuzo ngokuthe ngqo. Ngethamsanqa, namhlanje i-Intanethi iye yasisixhobo sokuhambisa ulwazi, ngenxa yoko unokufikelela kwabanye ukukunceda uqhubeke.
Kuya kufuneka siyiqonde into yokuba zininzi iimpazamo kunye nokunqumama xa usenza iinkqubo, ngakumbi ukuba le yeyokuqala ofuna ukuyenza. Ngezi zizathu, kucetyiswa ukuba ufune uncedo xa kunzima ukoyisa.
Phucula umzekelo wakho
Nje ukuba ufumanise ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwenkqubo ofuna ukuyenza, unolwazi olufunekayo ukuze uphuhlise kwaye ucacise imibuzo yakho. Umsebenzi olandelayo kukuqalisa icandelo lokwenyani kunye noyilo lweprototype yenkqubo. Ngokufanelekileyo, iprototype kufuneka iqulethe yonke imisebenzi eya kuthi ibandakanywe kwinkqubo, kodwa ukuba awukakulungeli okanye kunzima kakhulu kuwe, ungaqala ngemisebenzi ephambili esekwe yinkqubo.
Iprototype iyakwenziwa kusetyenziswa ulwimi oluthile lwenkqubo, iya kuba neekhonsepthi ezininzi ezisisiseko kwaye iya kwenziwa sisixhobo esithile. Ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili enkulu ekufuneka siyikhumbule ukuba iiprototypes ngokubanzi zivelisa iimpazamo ezininzi, kwaye owona msebenzi uphambili kukusibonisa iiprototypes nokuzisombulula.
Qala ngomsebenzi wakho ophambili
Kuya kufuneka usoloko ugxile ekuzameni ukuhlangabezana nezimvo kunye neemfuno zenkqubo yakho, ke iprototype oyilayo kufuneka ijolise kubuchule bokufezekisa lo msebenzi. Ngokufanelekileyo, kuya kufuneka uqale ukubhala inkqubo eyimfuneko yokuphumeza lo msebenzi, kwaye emva koko ungongeza eminye imisebenzi kule nkqubo.
Ngokwesiqhelo kweli nqanaba, iinkcukacha ezithathwa njengezincinci zihoywa ngokubanzi, kuba umsebenzi wethu kukwenza imisebenzi ephambili iqhubeke ngokwesiqhelo. Nangona oku kubonakala ngathi kuyawucothisa umsebenzi wethu, inyani kukuba iyenza lula inkqubo yokubonisa, kuba ukuba kufuneka kwenziwe iinguqu ezithile kwikhowudi ngenxa yeebugs, ngokulula nje, kuya kuba lula ukuyiguqula.
Sebenzisa inkxaso evela kwabanye
Inyani yile yokuba xa usenza inkqubo ngokwakho umsebenzi uya kuba nzima kakhulu kwaye nokuba ulula kuya kubakho amathuba angaphezu kwelinye kwaye uyakufuna umntu oza kukunceda. Kwakhona, xa ukwinqanaba lokubonisa, eli iya kuba lelona xesha lilungileyo lokwakha iqela njengoko unokufumana ngokufanelekileyo iimpazamo ezinokubakho kwinkqubo kunye.
Kuya kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba ukuvumela abantu abaninzi ukuba bacinge ngezinto ezintsha zokucwangciswa kunokukunceda ufumane izimvo ezinokuthi zingenzeki xa usebenza wedwa.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba xa usenza inkqubo, akuyomfuneko ukuba neqela lomsebenzi, ngakumbi xa iprojekthi encinci kakhulu iphuhliswa kwaye kungafuneki mzamo mkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sincedwa ngabanye, ixesha elifunekayo lokugqiba inkqubo liya kuncitshiswa kakhulu.
Musa ukoyika ukuqala ekuqaleni
Xa wenza iprototyping, unokuqaphela ukuba inkqubo yakho ayisiyiyo le uyifunayo. Ukuba iziphumo zahlukile kule nto ufuna ukuyifumana, yenze kwakhona ngaphandle kokuthandabuza xa kukho imfuneko.
Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yethu isekwizigaba zayo zokuqala zeeprototype kwaye kuya kufuneka sele unombono ocacileyo wento esifuna ukuyiphumeza, awunakhathazeka ngokurhoxa iprototype yangoku kwaye uqale ekuqaleni. Sicinga ukuba eli nqaku lifikelelwe, sinokuqonda okusisiseko kolwimi kunye neengcinga ezisetyenzisiweyo, ke akufuneki kuthathe ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezi-3-4 ukwenza iprototype entsha.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eli lelona xesha lilungileyo lokutshintsha inkqubo, kuba kunzima ngakumbi ukutshintsha izinto ezibalulekileyo ekupheleni kwenkqubo.
Qiniseka ukuba ubhala phantsi yonke into
Indlela elula kakhulu kukusebenzisa i-syntax yokuphawula kulwimi lwenkqubo ukuze ushiye amagqabantshintshi kwimigca yekhowudi oyibhalileyo. Oku kwenziwa ukhumbula ukuba inkqubo ifuna ukugxila kulo msebenzi kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uyishiye okwethutyana iprojekthi, xa ubuya ungafunda le miyalelo ukukhumbula into oyenzayo emva koko uhambe.
Kwangokunjalo, nakwabanye abaphuhlisi, oku ikwayisibonelelo, kuba banokuyiqonda ngokulula ikhowudi oyilayo, eya kuba luncedo kakhulu ukuba usebenza kwiqela njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili.
Olunye usebenziso olukhethekileyo onokubonelela ngalo magqabaza kukukhubaza okwethutyana iinxalenye ezithile zekhowudi, ukuvumela ukuba ujonge iinkalo ezithile zenkqubo. Emva koko ukubuyisela kwakhona la malungu akhubazekileyo kwakhona, konke okufuneka ukwenze kukususa la magqabantshintshi kwikhowudi.
Uvavanyo lweAlfa
Nje ukuba iprototype esebenzayo igqibile into elandelayo ekufuneka yenziwe kukuyivavanya ukuze uqonde ukukhula kwayo ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwaye uzame ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into iyasebenza. Okwangoku iprototype yethu igqityiwe, uninzi lwezinto ezinokwenziwa kufuneka zibe zincinci, kwaye kujongeka ngakumbi njengomsebenzi wovavanyo kunoyilo.
Ezi ntlobo zovavanyo zihlala ziboniswa eluntwini emva kokudlula kuzo. Ngokungafaniyo nokuvavanywa kwe-beta, umntu ovavanya inkqubo kufuneka akhethwe ngononophelo.
Fumana ikiti yovavanyo
Ukwenza uvavanyo lwe-alpha, kuyafuneka ukwazisa le nkqubo kwabanye, abaya kuyisebenzisa njengabasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo bayisebenzisa. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba eli qela lincinci kakhulu, kwaye kungcono ukuba yenziwe ngabantu abanamava amahle kule nkqubo ukuze babone iimpazamo okanye iziphene kwinkqubo.
Olunye uncedo lokuvavanywa neqela elincinci labantu kukuba ukongeza kwisakhono sokunxibelelana nesifundo ngasinye sovavanyo uya kugxila kulwazi olufunyenweyo. Qaphela ukuba ngalo lonke ixesha usenza utshintsho kwaye usenza inguqulelo entsha yenkqubo, kuya kufuneka uyithumele loo nguqulelo kumalungu eqela lovavanyo, kuba aba bantu baya kuthelekisa utshintsho olunokubakho kwaye banike izimvo zokuba utshintsho olo luhle okanye alulunganga.
Kufuneka iqatshelwe ukuba eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokufumana iimpazamo ngexesha lokuvavanywa kwealpha kukuvumela amalungu ukuba azame ukuphazamisa inkqubo ngexesha losetyenziso lwemihla ngemihla ngelixa berekhoda impazamo.
Yenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ze-alpha ngokulandelelana
Ukuba awufumananga mpazamo kwinkqubo yovavanyo lokuqala, okanye awuzithembi, kungcono ukuqhuba iimvavanyo ezininzi ngokulandelelana kwaye uzame ukunyanzela impazamo ukuba ivele. Ziphathe iimpazamo njengayo nayiphi na impazamo yonjiniyela, ke ngoko ukuba kukho ithuba lokuphepha iimpazamo, kungcono ukuba wenze uqikelelo olunokwenzeka.
Ungazama ukwenza iimpazamo kwikhowudi yakho, sisiqalo esihle. Zama ukusebenzisa inkqubo ngokungalindelekanga, kwaye ngekhe uyazi ukuba yintoni ebangele ukusilela. Ungajonga ngale ndlela: "Zama ukutshabalalisa inkqubo ngazo zonke iindlela kwaye uthintele lo monakalo ukuba ungaphinde wenziwe."
Ezinye zeendlela zokuzama ukonakalisa inkqubo yakho zezi:
- Ngokwenkqubo yakho echaphazelekayo ikakhulu iqhutywa ngamanani amanani anje ngemihla okanye ukubala, zama ukwenza imisebenzi emikhulu kakhulu kuyo. Xa sithetha ngemihla, unokuzama ukufumana umhla ophelelwe lixesha okanye omde kakhulu, onokuthi ukhokelele kwimpendulo engaqhelekanga efuna ukulungiswa.
- Kwelinye icala ukuba inkqubo yakho ibala amanani njengekhaltyhuleyitha izakuzama ukufaka ixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu okanye izame uku-odola izinto ngokungachanekanga (umz. Iya kuqokelela amanani amaninzi ngaphandle kwamanani + -x% uphawu).
- Enye indlela elula kakhulu yokususa iimpazamo kwinkqubo kukufaka izinto ezingalunganga kunye nedatha. Ukuba inkqubo yethu yenzelwe ukuqonda amagama, ungazama ukuthayipha inani kwaye ubone ukuba uphendula uthini.
- Ukuba sele unonxibelelwano lomsebenzisi oluzinzileyo, ungazama ukucofa naphi na. Nangona oku kungabonakala kusisiyatha, inyani kukuba inkqubo yethu ayinakuphendula izicelo ezininzi ngokukhawuleza.
Lungisa kwaye ulungise iimpazamo ezinkulu
Into eyothusayo neyamkela abo badale inkqubo yokuqala linani elikhulu leebugs ezifunyenwe kuvavanyo lwe-beta. Ke kule nkqubo kufuneka sichithe ixesha elininzi silungisa impazamo nganye efunyenweyo, eqhelekileyo. Icebo eliqhelekileyo labaqalayo kukucwangcisa iimpazamo zakho kuqala kwaye uzame ukuzilungisa ngokusekwe kubaluleko kunye nobukhali bazo.
Ngokubanzi, iimpazamo ezinxulumene nomsebenzi ophambili wenkqubo yethu zihlala zisombululwa kuqala. Nangona ezo zihambelana nekhowudi zithathwa njengezona zibaluleke kakhulu, khange siqonde ukuba zinokuchaphazela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yethu.
Yongeza iimpawu
Uyalukhumbula uxwebhu loyilo esilwenzileyo ngaphambili? Zonke izinto ezinokwenzeka, iinjongo kunye nemisebenzi yenkqubo zichaziwe apha, kwaye ngoku lixesha lokuba uzenze. Eli nqanaba bekufanele ukuba liyenze eyona misebenzi yethu iphambili ukuba isebenze ngokupheleleyo, ukuze sikwazi ukusebenza ekuphuculeni amanye amalungu enkqubo kunye nokujonga ukuba asebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
Akufanele woyike ukongeza amanqaku, kodwa licebo elilungileyo ukuba ungaphambuki kude kuyilo lokuqala owawunalo engqondweni. Inyani yile yokuba enye yeengxaki ebonwa ngokubanzi namhlanje kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezenziwe ngabantu okanye iinkampani ngaphandle kwamava amaninzi kukutenxa kugxilwe kubo. Into kukuba, ngokongeza izinto ezininzi ezintsha, inkqubo yethu yahlulahlula ixesha layo lophuhliso kwizinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.
Qalisa inkqubo yakho
Elinye lawona maxesha alindelwe ngabaphuhlisi beenkqubo ngumzuzu xa inkqubo yaziswa kuye wonke umntu. Nangona eli nqanaba libonakala lilula, inyani kukuba inzima njengawo onke amanqanaba angaphambili. Kufuneka iqatshelwe into yokuba amawaka emiboniso ayaboniswa eluntwini yonke imihla, ke akukho lula ukwenza imiboniso yethu ibonakale.
Thengisa inkqubo yakho
Kwiimeko ezininzi, sifuna ukuba inkqubo yethu iqondwe ngabantu kwaye ibe nenani elikhulu labasebenzisi, ke kubalulekile ukuba abantu abaninzi kangangoko banakho babuqonde ubukho benkqubo yethu. Njengayo nayiphi na imveliso okanye inkonzo ekhoyo kwintengiso, ezi nkqubo zifuna nentengiso encinci ukuze abantu babazi ngokukhawuleza.
Nangona kunjalo, intengiso yethu iya kuqhubeka ithintelwe okanye inyuswe zizinto ezininzi, ezinje ngobubanzi kunye nobunzulu besicwangciso sethu. Oku kuya kuchaphazela kakhulu izixhobo zethu ezikhoyo, kuba ezi zixhobo ziya kusivumela ukuba siphumeze iindlela ezinkulu zokuthengisa kwaye sifumane izixhobo ezifanelekileyo nezinexabiso eliphezulu.
Ukuseka inkonzo yenkxaso yobugcisa
Xa inkqubo yakho ivulelekile eluntwini, ngokungathandabuzekiyo uya kudibana neengxaki zobuchwephesha okanye abasebenzisi abangayiqondiyo indlela esebenza ngayo le nkqubo. Amaxwebhu aneenkcukacha malunga nenkqubo kunye nezinye zeenkonzo zenkxaso kufuneka zibekhona kwiwebhusayithi yayo. Oku kunokubandakanya iiforamu zenkxaso yobuchwephesha, ii-imeyile zenkxaso, uncedo lwexesha lokwenyani, okanye indibaniselwano yezi ndlela zilapha ngasentla. Izinketho ozibonelelayo ziya kuxhomekeka kwimithombo yakho ekhoyo.
Rhoqo hlaziya imveliso yakho
Okwangoku phantse zonke iinkqubo zinokulungiswa kunye nohlaziyo olukhutshwe kwakude emva kohlobo lokuqala. Olu lungiso lunokulungisa iibugs ezinzulu okanye ezincinci, hlaziya iiprotocol zokhuseleko, ukuphucula uzinzo, ukongeza imisebenzi, kunye nokwenza kwakhona ubugcisa benkqubo. Ukugcina inkqubo ngoku kunganceda ukugcina inkqubo ikhuphisana.
Iinkqubo zokucwangciswa
Namhlanje abantu abafuna ukwenza iinkqubo banezixhobo ezininzi, ezinjengezo zenzelwe inkqubo. Oku kuhamba phambili kukhetho lwenoveli, oluzisa izibonelelo kunye nokungalunganga ekusebenziseni, kodwa akukho mathandabuzo okuba kulula ukuzisebenzisa, kuba kufuneka wazi kuphela iinkqubo zabo zokuphumeza.
Ngethamsanqa, kuninzi lwabaphuhlisi banamhlanje, zininzi zezi nkqubo, ke owona msebenzi wethu kukufumana eyona nkqubo ilungileyo ukuze sikwazi ukwenza eyethu inkqubo. Eyona idumileyo sinokuyikhankanya yile:
IMicrosoft Visual Studio.NET
Akungabazeki ukuba esinye sezixhobo ezipheleleyo yiMicrosoft Visual Studio .NET, enemisebenzi emininzi xa kuyilwa iinkqubo. Ngaphandle kokusebenza kwayo ngokugqibeleleyo, yaphuhliswa ukwenza usetyenziso ngokuthe ngqo kwinkqubo yakho yokusebenza. Ukuba besinokuyila inkqubo enokuthi ihanjiswe kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokusebenza kunye nezixhobo, oku kunokuba yingxaki.
Isixhobo sigqibelele, ukongeza ekukuvumeleni ukuba usebenzise ulwimi lwakho sinokubonelela uninzi lweelwimi zenkqubo (ziyafumaneka: C ++, Visual C # kunye neVisual J #). Kwangelo xesha, sinika inkxaso, ke siya kubonelela ngenkxaso sisebenzisa naluphi na ulwimi olukhoyo.
Amathuba avunyelwe yiMicrosoft Visual Studio .NET ziphantse zangumda, kuba singayila nayiphi na iprojekthi esiyijonga. Izicelo zabo azikhawulelwanga kwiinkqubo zedesktop, kuba sinako nokuphuhlisa iinkonzo zewebhu, imidlalo, isoftware yorhwebo, nangayo nayiphi na into esinokucinga ngayo. Ukongeza, sinokugxininisa ukuba inkqubo inokulungela zonke iinguqulelo zeWindows, kwaye iyenze isebenze kwezinye izixhobo eziyilwe yinkampani.
I-Java SDK
Okokuqala, "iJava" yazalwa ngolwimi lwenkqubo, owona msebenzi wayo kukuqinisekisa ukuba okoko nje unomatshini obonakalayo weJava, uyilo kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubo lunokuqhuba phantse kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokusebenza. Ngale nto engqondweni, iJava ibonakala ikakhulu ngokwenkxaso ebonelelayo, kwaye kutshanje iyile inkqubo yokukhuthaza ukwenziwa komxholo kulwimi lwayo.
Eyona nto kugxilwe kuyo yile nkqubo kukuba ayixhomekeki kangako kwezinye iisoftware ukuqhuba iinkqubo eziyilelwe kusetyenziswa inkqubo, eziluncedo kakhulu kubaphuhlisi kuba bafuna kuphela ukwenza ikhowudi yenkqubo ngaphandle komqokeleli. Amandla okwenza ukuba iphumelele kwesinye isixhobo.
Imizekelo yesoftware yophuhliso
Isoftware ngawo onke amalungu asengqiqweni anokuba nawo inkqubo yekhompyuter, ehambelana nehardware. Isoftware ikhona phantse kuzo zonke izixhobo namhlanje, njengeekhompyuter, iifowuni zethu, iimoto zangoku, iiovini zemicrowave, okanye malunga nasiphi na isixhobo esinenkqubo ye-elektroniki. Ngokufanayo, isoftware iboniswa njengeseti yeenkqubo kwaye inoxanduva lokwenza imisebenzi ethile.
Xa kuziwa kuphuhliso lwayo kwisixhobo, isoftware inoxanduva lokudala ulwazi lwangaphakathi, ukuhlela kunye nokugcina idatha, kunye nokusebenzisa imiyalelo eyahlukeneyo yokwenza imiyalelo efunwa ngumsebenzisi. Nangona isoftware ibonakala ilula, inyani kukuba inokuba nzima ngakumbi kunehardware, kuba iimpazamo kwikhowudi yenkqubo zingakhokelela ekusileleni ngakumbi, zisenza ukusetyenziswa kwesoftware kube yingozi kwabo banobunzima bokuyilawula. Imeko. Ukubala.
Namhlanje kukho imizekelo emininzi yophuhliso lwesoftware, engaphezulu okanye engaphumelelanga. Phakathi kwemizekelo ebalaseleyo ekufanele ukuba uyiqwalasele kwaye singakhankanya:
- IOfisi evulekileyo iOfisi
- IMac Os
- Photoshop
- Iprosesa kaGoogle yamaXwebhu
- skype
- Umbhali weOffice
Uyenza njani isoftware?
Ukusukela ekuqaleni sigxile ekubalulekeni kokwenza isoftware ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno eziyimfuneko ukuyila isoftware ngokuchanekileyo. Ke ngoko, siza kuchaza ekugqibeleni indlela eyahlukileyo kwindlela yangaphambili yophuhliso lwesoftware isebenzisa ilifu njengesixhobo.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba into yokuba isoftware yenziwe kwilifu yayisesona sizathu siphambili, kwaye isoftware kamva yasetyenziswa kwinethiwekhi kwaye yaqulunqwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba ukufikelela kule software, kufuneka unxibelelwano lwe-Intanethi, kuba zonke iinkqubo ezisetyenziselwa ukusebenza kwayo zibanjwa kwi-Intanethi.
Siza kubona inyathelo ngenyathelo indlela yokuyila isoftware, ngeli xesha siza kusebenzisa iqonga le-velneo.
1 nyathelo
Kuqala vula i-Visual C # kwinguqulelo lowama-2010 "uHlelo oluVulekileyo". Le nguqulo isetyenzisiwe kuba inezixhobo ezininzi ekulula ukuzisebenzisa. Emva koko sebenzisa amakhonkco kwiphepha lasekhaya laseVelmeo ukwenza iprojekthi entsha, okanye usebenzise imenyu yeFayile ukuyila iprojekthi entsha.
2 nyathelo
Emva kokulayisha incoko yeprojekthi, kuyakufuneka ukhethe icandelo lesixhobo ofuna ukujolisa kulo kwisicelo. Kule meko, siya kukhetha "usetyenziso lweefom yeWindows", eliguqulela kwi- "Windows Forms Application". Emva koko, ngenisa igama lesoftware eliza kuphuhliswa, emva koko ukhethe u- "Kulungile" ukuqala uyilo.
Ukusuka kule ndawo ukuya phambili, uya kuqala ukusebenzisa indawo yesiqhelo ye "Visual Studio", apho uza kubona ibhokisi yezixhobo ngasekhohlo, eya kukunceda kwicandelo lophuhliso. Kwelinye icala, iziko lesikrini likwimo yesoftware, ngelixa ngasekunene sisakhiwo ngokubanzi seprojekthi, apho unokuguqula khona ezinye iipropathi zayo.
3 nyathelo
Sebenzisa ibhokisi yezixhobo kwaye urhuqe iilebheli kunye namaqhosha kwifom yakho. Okwangoku kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhambe ngemizekelo epheleleyo ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba, ulingise ubeko lwefestile olusebenzayo kwezinye iiprojekthi ezigqityiweyo.
4 nyathelo
Emva koko, cofa kabini kwiqhosha ukufikelela kwinxalenye yokubhala eza kusetyenziswa yinkqubo yethu. Ngale ndlela, "umsitho" wenziwe kwinkqubo yethu, eya kuthi ichukunyiswe xa umsebenzisi enqakraza kabini iqhosha.
Kwicandelo lokufaka iikhowudi, ungafaka imiyalelo eyahlukeneyo yokwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kodwa kule meko, siya kwenza into elula. Ungayibhala le khowudi kwikhowudi yekhowudi yeqhosha, evumela ukuba yonke ikhowudi isebenze xa umcimbi ugqityiwe:
iqhosha langasese langasese1_Clic (ukuthumela into, iArmsArgs e) {}
5 nyathelo
Okokugqibela, ukwenziwa kwesoftware kugqityiwe ngokucinezela umyalelo Ctrl + Shift + B. Lo myalelo ukhethekileyo unemisebenzi yokuguqula yonke iprojekthi obukade uyiqulunqile ukuba ibe yikhowudi enokuqondwa nayiphi na ikhompyuter. Emva kokuphuhlisa le software, ungacinezela "F5" kwiphepha elifanayo ukubona ukuba isoftware isebenza njani kwikhompyuter yakho.
Ziya phi iiLwimi eziCwangcisiweyo?
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje izinto ezininzi zitshintshile. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubela phambili kule nkalo yeenkqubo zokufunda iilwimi ziguquka ngakumbi kunenguquko mihla le. Kukho iindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu eziza kuseta ithoni yoyilo lolwimi lwenkqubo, kwaye le sele inguquko.
Uyilo lolona lwimi ludumileyo
Inkqubo yokusebenza
Olu hlobo luhlobo lwenkqubo esekwe kuncedo lwezicelo zemathematics. Sisiseko sethiyori yale modeli yesitayile. Imizekelo yazo yi-LIsp, Haskell, kunye ne-Erlang.
Izinto eziguquguqukayo kwiilwimi ezisebenzayo ziyafana neenguqulelo zealgebra. Ngamanye amagama oku kubonisa ixabiso elingaziwa ngaphambili, kodwa nje ukuba laziwe alitshintshi. La ngamagama nje eendawo zokugcina, kwaye imixholo yawo inokufundwa kunye / okanye iguqulwe ngokuthanda kuba izinto eziguquguqukayo zazikhe zabelwa, iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zinempawu ekuthiwa kukucaca okungafihlisiyo.
Iilwimi ezinamandla
Olu lulwimi olukumgangatho ophezulu olwenza izinto ezininzi ezenziwa ngabanye ngexesha lokudibanisa ixesha lokubaleka. Le misebenzi iqhoboshela kwaye ivavanye iikhowudi, iguqula inkqubo yohlobo lwedatha, yongeza amanqaku kwizinto. Esinye sezizathu zokuba abantu basebenzise olu lwimi lixabiso eliphezulu kwimveliso.
Inkqubo efanayo
Intengiso enkulu-enkulu yebhetshi yokuqala yeetshipsi ezininzi ngo-2005 zakhokelela esiphelweni sasemini simahla. Kwixesha elidlulileyo elingekude kakhulu, abaphuhlisi banokubhala iinkqubo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokusebenza kwabo, kuba bayazi ukuba ngexesha elincinci, izixhobo zekhompyuter ezintsha zinokuqhuba iinkqubo zazo ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulungiswa (kungoko igama lesidlo sasemini simahla).
Umthetho kaMorey uthi inani labaguquleli elinokuthi liguqulwe kwi-chip enye liphindwe kabini malunga neenyanga ezili-18. Ngokwesiqhelo oku kuguqulela kwi-CPU ebaleka kwi-megahertz ephezulu ngonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokufudumeza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, oku kunyuka kwesantya sewotshi akusekho kuzinza.
Oku akuthethi ukuba umthetho kaMorey awusasebenzi kodwa into eyenziwa ngabavelisi be-microprocessor ngoku isebenzisa ezi zinto zongezelelekileyo ukongeza ii-cores kwi-CPU. I-kernel ngokusisiseko iyunithi yokulungisa, ebandakanya iirejista, iiyunithi zokuphumeza, kunye ne-cache.
Iilwimi ezininzi zeparadigm
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku esi sisombululo solwimi sixhasa iindlela ezininzi zeenkqubo okanye iiparadigms sisaqhelekile. IRuby kunye nePython zizinto ezinamandla, iilwimi ezijolise kwinto, kodwa zinezinto ezivumela ukuba zisetyenziswe njengeelwimi ezisebenzayo. Isi-Erlang lulwimi olusebenzayo, olufanayo nolusasazwayo. Ulwimi lwe-Oz luxhasa ingcinga, imisebenzi, ukujolisa kwinto, isiseko esinyanzelekileyo, ukuhanjiswa, kunye neenkqubo ezifanayo.
Iiplatifomu zenkqubo yanamhlanje zihlala zijolise kakhulu kunokusetyenziswa kolwimi olunye. Ngamanye amagama, ngoku ekubeni sinabaprogram kunye / okanye abaphuhlisi bewebhu, abaprogram beenkqubo ezizodwa baye bafikelela esiphelweni. Umzekelo, abaphuhlisi bewebhu kufuneka bazilungiselele ukugqiba umsebenzi, kubandakanya i-HTML, i-CSS, iJavaScript. Zonke ezi ziinkqubo zecala lomxhasi, kuphela kwicala eseva elinokuthi lifune ukuqonda i-SQL, isakhelo solwimi oluthile lwenkqubo, kunye nolwimi lwetemplate ukuvelisa umxholo onamandla.
Kukho amanqanaba enkqubo yokuyila, apha siza kubonisa ukuba yeyiphi eyenzelwe enye:
Inkcazo yenkqubo:
Eli nqanaba linikezelwa yingxelo yengxaki efuna inkcazo ecacileyo nechanekileyo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yintoni eyenziwa yikhompyuter. Nangona kungacacanga ncam, akukho ngqiqweni ukudlulela kwinqanaba elilandelayo.
Uhlalutyo lwengxaki:
Emva kokuqonda iimfuno zekhompyuter, kuya kufuneka uchaze:
- Ngenisa iinkcukacha.
- Loluphi ulwazi ofuna ukuluvelisa (iziphumo)
Uyilo lwealgorithm:
Zezi:
- Kuya kufuneka ube nesiqalo esithile.
- Kufuneka ichazwe, ukutolikwa kabini akuvumelekanga.
- Kufuneka ibekho kwindalo iphela, oko kukuthi, kufuneka ihambelane noninzi lunokuvela kwingxaki, ubungakanani kunye nexesha lokuphumeza.
- Kufuneka bancitshiswe.
Ukwenza iikhowudi:
Oku kukuphunyezwa nje kwesisombululo sengxaki. Zizinto ezibonisa ngokucacileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yimithombo yekhowudi. Oko kukuthi, zizikripthi zolwimi.
Ukuvavanya kunye nokulungisa ingxaki:
Zininzi iimpazamo zabantu kwinkqubo yekhompyuter, kwaye inyuka kakhulu ngokuntsokotha kwengxaki. Inkqubo yokuchonga kunye nokususa iimpazamo kunye nokuziguqula zibe sisisombululo esingenampazamo ibizwa ngokuba yi-debugging. Uvavanyo lubandakanya ukufaka idatha de kube inkqubo ayinazimpazamo, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo sis syntax kunye nengqondo.
Amaxwebhu:
Sisikhokelo esibhaliweyo okanye unxibelelwano ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nokuba kukwimo yeengxelo, iinkqubo, iigrafu, okanye iitshathi. Ngokwesiqhelo inkqubo ebhalwe ngumntu omnye iya kusetyenziswa ngomnye umntu. Ke ngoko, olu xwebhu lusetyenziselwa ukukunceda uqonde okanye usebenzise inkqubo okanye uququzelele uhlengahlengiso lwexesha elizayo (ulondolozo).
Oku kwahlulwe kathathu:
- Amaxwebhu angaphakathi
- Amaxwebhu angaphandle
- Incwadana yomgaqo-nkqubo ye-Usuario
Isondlo:
Xa kufuneka wenze utshintsho kwinkqubo, uyihlengahlengise okanye uyongeze ukuze uqhubeke nokusebenza kwesiqhelo, wenze lo msebenzi emva kokuba inkqubo igqityiwe. Ukwenza lo msebenzi, inkqubo kufuneka irekhodwe ngokuchanekileyo.
Iinyani ezifanelekileyo ezivela kwimbali yolwimi lwenkqubo
Nangona abantu abaninzi bengayazi le nto, namhlanje ngaphandle kolwimi lwenkqubo asiyi kuba nakho ukuliqonda ilizwe. Inyani yile yokuba phantse yonke into esijikelezileyo yakhiwe ngekhowudi. Ukusetyenziswa kweselfowuni, uthungelwano lwasentlalweni, imidlalo yevidiyo, iinkqubo zekhompyuter kunye nezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukubhala le nkqubo zenziwe kusetyenziswa ulwimi lwenkqubo.
Ulwimi lokuqala okanye ulwimi lwenkqubo lwazalwa ngo-1801 Lo msunguli waseFrance unoxanduva lwenkqubo. Wayengenguye umsunguli kuba kuninzi okutshintshileyo ukusukela ngoko, kodwa kuyacaca ukuba wenza iseti yokuqala yemiyalelo yekhompyuter.
Ngamanye amagama, ikhadi lakho elinokufakwa ngaphakathi kwi-loom kwaye ikhadi linokufunda ikhowudi yekhadi kunye nenkqubo ezenzekelayo kwaye ichaze. Ngokucacileyo konke malunga nokwenza uyilo olwahlukileyo kwilaphu, kodwa oku kuvumela nabani na onekhadi elibukhali kunye nelokubetha ukwenza uyilo ngaphandle kokuba yingcali ebaleni.
Abantu bacinga ukuba olu lulwimi lokuqala lwenkqubo kuba la makhadi ebhola asetyenziswa okokuqala kwiikhompyuter ezenziwe nguCharles Babbage kwaye kamva kwiikhompyuter zokuqala.
Olunye lweelwimi zokuqala ezazisenziwa ngu-Ada lovelace phakathi kweminyaka ye-1842 kunye ne-1843, wanikela ngokwenza inguqulelo yenkumbulo zomlinganiswa ogama linguLuigi Menabrea, ngelixa esenza oku, wenza ulwimi olusebenzayo lokubala ukubala uthotho lwamanani uBernoulli esebenzisa umatshini kaBabbage.
Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva ngokufika kweelwimi ezintsha zenkqubo, uTuring wayitshintsha ngokupheleleyo indlela yokubala ngomatshini wakhe weTuring. Lo matshini ubonisa ukuba banokusombulula nayiphi na ingxaki yezibalo ngokusebenzisa ialgorithm. Ukuba kukho ialgorithm umatshini angayisombulula ingxaki.
Ngeminyaka yoo-1970, uMnu.John W Backus waqamba ulwimi lokuqala lwenkqubo ekumgangatho ophezulu kwaye ezi zazisetyenziswa ngabadwelisi benkqubo yokwenyani, oku kwaba yindlela yokuphuma, kuba kunciphisa umthwalo xa kubalwa umkhombandlela, njengoko bewugqiba ngokukhawuleza umsebenzi.
Imvubu
Ifika ngeminyaka ye-1959 njengokugqitywa kwezinye iinkqubo zenkqubo. Kwaye oku kwenzelwe ukwenza ulwimi olwahlukileyo olunokusetyenziswa kwiikhompyuter. Kwii-60s bekukho iikhompyuter ezahlukileyo ezingadibaniyo, ke ngendlela ethile iinkampani zinokufuna abasebenzi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa abahlanganisi kunye neelwimi zabo abazisebenzisileyo.
Isiseko
Yazalwa ngo-1964. Olu luhlu lweelwimi ezisetyenziselwa iinkqubo ezikumgangatho ophakamileyo olwalusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokufundisa, kwaye lwalunamandla kangangokuba lwaqala ukudityaniswa nezinye iinkqubo kwaye namhlanje lubaluleke kakhulu kwaye zisasetyenziswa nangoku.
Easter
Esi sisixhobo sokufundisa, kodwa ngokukhawuleza saba lulwimi lwenkqubo lokudala usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo. Ngapha koko, nangona isasetyenziswa nanamhlanje, ayikho kancinci kwisicelo, kodwa inokubonwa ngokudibeneyo nomhlanganisi wasimahla wePascal kwisikolo senkqubo.
I-HTML, iPython kunye neVisual Basic
Emva kweminyaka emininzi "yokudibanisa" kunye neekhompyuter ezijolise kwinto kunye neelwimi zenkqubo, iminyaka ye-Intanethi ifikile. Apha, ulwimi lwenkqubo lwenze inkqubela phambili enkulu, nangona "kungekho zinto zintsha zenziweyo", izimvo ezindala zikhulile.
IJava, iJavaScript kunye ne-PHP
Ngokusisiseko, zikhona kwiipesenti ezingama-50 zamaphepha ewebhu nakwizicelo ezininzi. Nangona kwenziwe iinzame zokuyeka ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezintsha, iJava kunye neJavaScript zisabaluleke kakhulu. Ngokufika kwee-2000s, kwavela iilwimi ezitsha zokuprograma ezinje nge-Action script. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwafika ngo-2001 nge-C # kunye ne-Visual Basic .NET. Kunye neminyaka edlulileyo yeJava kunye ne-HTML, i-C # ifikelele kowona mzuzu ubalaseleyo kwimbali yeelwimi zenkqubo.
Khangela
Siyaqhubeka nokuthetha ngembali yolwimi lwenkqubo kunye ne-Scratch, "inguquko" yeelwimi zenkqubo. Lulwimi lwenkqubo ebonwayo ephuhliswe liziko lobuchwephesha laseMassachusetts kwaye inolwimi oluphucukileyo oluvumela abantwana, ulutsha kunye nabantu abadala ukuba bafunde inkqubo yokubonakalayo ngaphandle kolwazi oluninzi lwekhowudi.
Yiya kuGoogle
Yiya, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiGoland, lulwimi lwenkqubo eyilelwe nguGoogle, akukho nto iyenye. Iphefumlelwe ngu-C, kodwa lulwimi olunzima ngakumbi. Ijolise kwinkqubo ethile, kodwa eyona njongo iphambili kukhuseleko. Ke ngoko, iGo ayinayo ialgorithm yesikhombisi. Njengelungu leGoogle, emva kokuba ithandwa, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuba nesikhewu esikhulu kuphuhliso lwe-Android.
IKotlin 2012
I-Kotlin yenye yeelwimi ezithandwayo, hayi kuba yeyona ilula, kodwa ngenxa yokuba uGoogle uphawula njengolona lwimi lusebenzayo lwe-Android. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo kuGoogle I / O, iNtaba yokujonga intaba yandise isandla kumncedisi weKotlin iJetBrains kwaye ibanga ukuba i-Android iya kuba ngakumbi nangakumbi iKotlin, oko ke kubonelela ngakumbi ngabaphuhlisi abasebenzisa olu lwimi. Uncedo olukhulu. .
Imvelaphi kunye neminqweno yamagama kunye neelwimi zophuhliso lwewebhu
Sichaza ezinye zezinto ezikhethekileyo zamagama eelwimi zokuprograma kunye neelwimi zophuhliso lwewebhu ezinokufumaneka kwimbali yayo.
PHP
I-PHP inesifinyezo esihlaziyiweyo kwisiNgesi se-PHP: Isicatshulwa sePropertessor. Ke ngoko, isifinyezo sayo i-PHP sigqibe ngokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweelwimi zophuhliso lwewebhu.
IPhyton
Olunye ulwimi oludumileyo lophuhliso, umgaqo kukwenza ukuba ikhowudi ifundeke. Ngapha koko, igama layo livela kumdali wayo, uGuido van Rossum, omthanda kakhulu umhlekisi odumileyo uMonty Python.
C ++
Ulwimi alusebenzisayo ngu "C" njengesishunqulelo esithi "ubuhle." I-C ++ imele ukunyuka koC, eyona ndlela iyenye yokwandisa ixabiso lezinto eziguquguqukayo kulwimi ngokwalo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba sinika ixabiso loku-1 kuguquguquko (olunjengo "i") kwaye sisebenzise i ++, siya kutshintsha ixabiso lokwahluka kube ngu-2.
Inyaniso enomdla
UAda Lovelace ngumdwelisi wokuqala wehlabathi. I-Ada ithathwa njengeyona nkqubo yokuqala yekhompyuter yehlabathi. Ngo-1833 wadibana nesazi sezibalo saseBritani uCharles Babbage (uCharles Babbage), kwaye waba ngumhlobo wobomi bonke kunye naye. UAda uphakamise uluvo lokuba "ngumatshini wohlalutyo," isixhobo sokubala esenziwe ngumhlobo wakhe omkhulu uCharles, oyilo lakhe liqikelela ikhompyuter yanamhlanje ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100.
Ngexesha elide, wayebizwa ngokuba "ngumthakathi wedijithali" - umhlobo wakhe olungileyo uCharles Babbage wamnika isiteketiso esihle, kwaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo waphumelela iinzame zakhe. UAda uzibona "engumfuziselo" kwaye ngamanye amaxesha umbiza ngokuba ucinga "umbongo" kuba uyathanda ukuchaza imathematics ngezifaniso ezikrelekrele kwaye ngakumbi ngengcinga.
UAda wayengomnye wabokuqala ukuqikelela kubukrelekrele bokufakelwa. Nangona wayebuqonda ubuchule obukhulu bekhompyuter, wayephelelwe lithemba malunga ne-AI, kwaye isigwebo sakhe sigxininisa oku kulandelayo: Umhlalutyi akanalungelo lokubangela iziphumo. Inokwenza nantoni na esinokuyi-odola. Unokwenza uhlalutyo, kodwa awukwazi ukuqikelela naluphi na uhlobo lobudlelwane okanye uhlalutye iinyani namhlanje, esi sihloko sisisihloko esishushu.
Amanqaku akho abonisa ukuba uqikelele ukuba kungenzeka ukuba ikhompyuter ivelise umculo. Ngaphambi kokuba agule, wabhalela umama wakhe ileta emxelela ukuba usebenza kwimidlalo ethile ukuphonononga ubudlelwane phakathi komculo kunye nemathematics. Nangona kunjalo, wayesazi ukuba umatshini wohlalutyo usenokusetyenziselwa ukubhala iingoma ezintsonkothileyo nezithambileyo.
Ukuba ufuna ukuqhubeka nokufunda amanqaku ethu amnandi ndwendwela le khonkco ilandelayo:Inkqubo ejolise kwinto
