Lumka kwiinethiwekhi! Kunokubakho abantu abafuna ukubamba iinkcukacha zakho. Kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kukuxelela:yintoni iqhekeza ? nendlela yokunyamekela enye.
Yintoni iqhekeza?
Okwangoku, mininzi imingcipheko xa kufikwa ekubeni nolwazi lwakho lobuqu kwi-intanethi, kutheni nokuba inyani yokuba nenethiwekhi yokuncokola ivula ucango kubantu abaninzi abaya kuyisebenzisa ngokuchasene nawe, kuba ukubekwa nje kwegama lakho , igama lokugqibela kunye nomhla wokuzalwa, unokusetyenziselwa omnye umntu ukwenza isazisi.
Kwaye oku kungolwazi loluntu, kodwa kuthekani ngaleyo ikhompyuter yakho okanye kwifowuni? Ezi zixhobo zinokuqulatha idatha esondele ngakumbi, njengeakhawunti yethu yebhanki, oku kunokukwenza ube lixhoba lokubiwa kwemali okanye nokuphangwa.
Aba bantu benza ezi zinto zokonakaliswa kwempahla bayaziwa njengabaphangi. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye iqhekeza? Oku kuhlala kudidekile kunye nokugenca, kodwa enyanisweni kukho umahluko.
Crackers ngabantu abanolwazi ngendlela yokufikelela ngokungekho mthethweni kwiinkqubo zomntu wesithathu, bebakhohlisa ngeekhowudi zokufikelela okanye iikhowudi abanazo. Oku kuqhelekile kwiinkqubo ebezikade zifuna ilayisensi okanye ikhowudi ukuyenza isebenze, kulapha xa kungenelela umqhekezi, esenza inkqubo evelisa ukusebenza okanye iikhowudi zothotho, kodwa ngokucacileyo, ezi zezokuzenzela, oko kukuthi, ukuba inqanyuliwe kwinkampani okanye kwishishini elalikuthengisele iphepha-mvume.
Iinkqubo ezenziwe ngaba bantu zenza ezi khowudi ezingezizo ngokwenza iinkqubo ze-algorithms "eziqhekezayo".
Aba bantu kuthiwa yi-cracker kufuneka babe nolwazi oluninzi malunga neekhompyuter kunye neekhompyuter, kodwa ngekhe kufane ne-hacker kunye nokuhlelwa kwabo okwahlukileyo, ke kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuze kungabhidaniswa la magama mabini. Emva koko, siya kucacisa ukuba ungumgculeli:
Yintoni uHacker?
IHacker yaziwa ngabantu abanolwazi oluphezulu malunga neekhompyuter, ikhompyuter, inkqubo, phakathi kwabanye; oku kuthetha ukuba yingcali kuyo yonke into enxulumene neekhompyuter. Kuxhomekeke kwimisebenzi okanye iinjongo ezifuna ukufezekiswa ngaba bantu, banokwahlulahlulwa babe ziindidi ezahlukeneyo, kuba ngokuchasene nezinto abantu abaninzi abazikholelwayo, ayingabo bonke abagwenxa ababi, ke apha ngezantsi, siza kuchaza ukuhlelwa:
Abagculeli bomnqwazi omnyama
NgesiNgesi baziwa ngokuba yi "Black hat", yile nto bazama ngayo ukuba ulwazi, ukungena kwiiseva okanye ukophula ukhuseleko lwekhompyuter ezingezizo ezabo. Ngendlela efanayo, bazama ukwenza izimvo ezifanelekileyo ezingezizo ezabo kwaye bafumane imali eyimali ngenxa yabanye abasebenzisi.
Ezi ntlobo zabantu zezakho ekufuneka uzikhathalele, kuba banokufikelela kwinethiwekhi ekhuselekileyo yokwenza izinto ezinje: ukulahla ulwazi okanye ukulenza lingabinamsebenzi kulowo unokufikelela ngokusemthethweni.
Ezi zikwabizwa ngokuba ngabaqhekezi kwaye banenjongo yokwaphula iinkqubo ezikhuselekileyo kwiikhompyuter, ukufikelela kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo, ukudala intsholongwane kwezinye iikhompyuter, ukutshintsha izinto zenkqubo, ukubela ulwazi lwebhanki kunye nokuhambisa ulwazi olungelulo kwinethiwekhi, ukuyenza ibonakale iyinyani . Amanani oluntu amaninzi anje ngoomongameli kunye nosaziwayo abachaphazelekayo ngaba bantu, bonakalisa imbonakalo yabo yoluntu.
Abagculeli bomnqwazi omhlophe
Ngokungafaniyo nale ikhankanywe ngasentla, aba baduni bayaziwa ukuba balungile. Ezi ntlobo zabantu zenza umsebenzi wokufumana iimpazamo ezinokubakho kwiinkqubo kwaye zigqibelele, zisenza ukuba sibe nokhuseleko olomeleleyo, kuthintela abahlaseli beminqwazi emnyama ukuba bangabathathi.
Ukuvavanya ukuba inkqubo ikhuselekile, ngamanye amaxesha banokuyaphula, kodwa konke oku ngaphandle kweenjongo ezimbi, kukuvavanya kuphela nokulungisa naziphi na iingxaki zokhuseleko onokuba unazo.
Isigqubuthelo sentloko esingwevu
Baziwa njengabagculeli abangathathi hlangothi, banokuba necala elilungileyo kunye necala elibi, kodwa abangeni nakwisigqoko esimhlophe okanye kuhlelo lomnqwazi omnyama, kuba banokuxhomekeka kwelinye icala.
Olu hlobo lwe-hacker lunokwaphula okanye lwaphule inkqubo, emva koko lazise umntu owayeluphethe kwaye ekugqibeleni acele isixa semali ukulungisa into abayenzileyo, ngamanye amagama, inokwaziwa njengobuqhetseba, kodwa ngokungafaniyo nomnqwazi omnyama, Abayi kungcolisa okanye bebe ulwazi, kodwa balungise isenzo sabo, yiyo loo nto bengakwazi ukungena kuluhlu lomnqwazi omhlophe.
Umahluko phakathi kweCracker kunye neHacker
Abagculi, njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, ziingcali zekhompyuter kunye ne-informatics, ngolwazi malunga neenkqubo, iinkqubo zokusebenza, phakathi kwabanye, kodwa akusoloko kuphuma ebubini, kodwa ngenxa yokuba balambele ulwazi kwaye bafumanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo, kwaye banako sebenzisa ezo zakhono ukunceda abanye. Ngamaxesha amaninzi, inokuba kukusasazwa ngamajelo eendaba, ukuba abantu bathambekele ekubeni badideke kwaye bakholelwe ukuba bonke abahlaseli bakhohlakele, kanti enyanisweni abanye banokusebenzela urhulumente.
Ngokungafaniyo nabaqhekezi ngabantu abaphula ukhuseleko lwekhompyuter, kunokuba zizizathu zobuqu zokufumana imali okanye ukwenzakalisa abanye abasebenzisi, yiyo loo nto igama elithi cracker livela kwi "Criminal Hacker" (NgeSpanish iya kuba yiHacker Criminal okanye i-vandal ebonakalayo) . Igama lenziwa ngo-1985 ukuze likwazi ukwahlula i-hacker kwi-cracker.
Ukufumana umahluko ngakumbi phakathi komgculeli kunye nomqhekezi, siyakumema ukuba ubukele le vidiyo ilandelayo:
Iindidi ze-cracker
Ngokubhekisele kubaqhekezi, kukho ezinye iintlobo ezizezona zibaluleke kakhulu kule, kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukubahlulahlula kwaye wazi ukuba yintoni eyenziwa ngumntu ngamnye, ke ngoko siza kuchaza ukuba zeziphi iintlobo:
- Inkqubo yeQhekeza: Bangabantu abanolwazi malunga neenkqubo, ezaphula iinkqubo, ezitshintsha uyilo lwazo lwantlandlolo.
- Abaqhekezi beCrypto: Luhlobo lweqhekeza endilaziyo eliphethe iikhowudi zokuqhekeka, ekwabizwa ngokuba likhefu lokufihla.
- iphreaker: ziingcali kwimisebenzi yefowuni okanye kwitekhnoloji yokunxibelelana ngomnxeba. Ngendlela efanayo, banolwazi malunga nezinto ze-elektroniki ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zefowuni.
Banokuba neenjongo ezininzi, ezinjengokuhlola incoko ngefowuni, ukufumana iifowuni zasimahla, ukophula ukhuseleko kweefowuni, ukurekhoda iminxeba, phakathi kwabanye.
- Cyberpunk: Luhlobo lomntu oqhekezayo othatha imisebenzi yabanye abantu kwaye azame ukuyonakalisa. Loyiko olukhulu kunawo onke amaphepha e-intanethi okanye iinkqubo.
Inkqubo eyenziwa ngumqhekezi
Ukuqonda ngcono ukuba yintoni umqhekezi, kufuneka uyazi ukuba yintoni inkqubo abayenzayo ukufaka inethiwekhi, le nto yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu: ukukhethwa, ukudityaniswa kunye nokugqitywa. Emva koko, siza kwenza inkcazo emfutshane nganye yezi:
- Ukhetho: Eli linqanaba apho ukhetha khona, kuxhomekeke kwinjongo yeqhekeza, inethiwekhi ofuna ukuyaphula. Oku kunokwenziwa buqu, ezopolitiko okanye nayiphi na enye into ngokubanzi.
Ngaphambi kwayo nayiphi na into, kuqala, kuya kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba apho ufuna ukufikelela khona kubuthathaka kwaye kubuthathaka, oku kuyakwenziwa ngokuvavanya ukufikelela komsebenzisi ofuna ukumngenela. Yintoni izibuko? Zizo iindawo ezivulekileyo ezinazo iikhompyuter xa kufikwa ekufumaneni idatha, ethi ifike kwinethiwekhi, ukuba la machweba avulekile, oko kuthetha ukuba, ukuba bayaphendula, kulapho umngenisi uya kungena khona.
- UkudityaniswaEli lixesha apho umqhekezi eza kuthi aqokelele lonke ulwazi alufumeneyo, ukuze angene kwinkqubo yakho. Bayakuthatha lonke ulwazi olubalulekileyo kubo, nakumgqomo wekhompyuter de bafike kumaxwebhu abalulekileyo anokunceda ukuba ufezekise injongo oqale ukuyibeka.
- Ukuphelisa: Okwangoku, ithagethi sele ihlaselwe kodwa umqhekezi usengozini, njengoko zinokufunyanwa ziinkqubo zokhuseleko zekhompyuter.
Kuthetha ntoni ukuqhekeka?
Ikwanokubhalwa njenge "Cracking" okanye ebizwa ngokuba yi "Computer Crack", ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza xa kuzanywa ukukhohlisa inkqubo okanye inkqubo ngegama elinegama eligqithisiweyo okanye isitshixo, esenziwe ngolwimi lwenkqubo. Ngokucacileyo oku ngaphandle kwemvume yomntu owenza inkqubo yoqobo, kukhokelela ekubeni isoftware yoqobo isebenze ngokwahlukileyo kuleyo yayenziwe.
Kuxhomekeke kwinjongo yoku "kuqhekeka", mabini amagama asetyenzisiweyo ukubhekisa kubo:
- Umsebenzisi: yaziwa ngaloo ndlela xa ilula, enyanisweni, eli gama alaziwa kangako ngokuqhekeka, kuba lisetyenziselwa kuphela ukufumana inzuzo yesicelo kwinqanaba lorhwebo. Aba bantu basebenzisa inkqubo kuphela, kodwa abawenzi umsebenzi onzima njengokwenza inkqubo.
- Cracker: oku kunokuba yinto emsulwa "Crack", kuba ii-algorithms zeenkqubo ezingasetyenziswanga ngokupheleleyo ziya kuchazwa, kutshintshwe umsebenzi wokuqala okanye kuguqulwe intshayelelo.
Yintoni ukudibanisa?
Xa sithetha ngesiqwengana, oko kuthetha ukuba utshintsho lwenziwe kwinkqubo ethile. Ngokwesiqhelo ngokubhekisele kwikhompyuter, ukubeka "patch" kuthetha ukuba utshintsho lwenziwe ngcono: ukulungisa into, ukubeka umsebenzi omtsha kuyo, ukongeza uhlaziyo, phakathi kwabanye.
Ngokubhekisele kubaqhekezi, inokusetyenziselwa ukutshintsha, ukongeza okanye ukucima imiyalelo ukuze kophule okanye kugqithe ukhuseleko lwenokuphunyezwa.
Ungabaphepha njani abaqhankqalazi?
Emva kokwazi ukuba sisikrelemnqa, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba unokuthintela njani uhlaselo olunokwenzeka kwelinye. Ngaphandle kokuqonda, unokuba usenza izinto ezikushiya ungenakuzikhusela ngokuchasene nobumfihlo bakho, kutheni ezona zinto zilula zinokubangela ukuba ikhompyuter yakho ivezwe.
Ukhuseleko lwekhompyuter kufuneka luthathwe ngokungathí sina, kuba alunakukuchaphazela kuphela, ukuba ayisiyiyo usapho lwakho, siya kuthi ke sikuxelele iingxaki ezinokubakho kunye nezisombululo zazo:
Amaphasiwedi alula
Nokuba olona qhekeko lunamava unokuligqobhoza ipaswedi yakho, ukuba olu lusuku lwakho lokuzalwa, kuya kuba lula njengokuya nakweyiphi na inethiwekhi yakho kunye nokukhangela ulwazi lwakho; Kungenxa yoko le nto kufuneka uthathwe ngokungathí sina xa usungula enye. Gcina oku engqondweni: Ukuba kulula kuwe, kulula ukuba uqhekeze; Oku akuthethi ukuba kufanele kube nzima kakhulu, njengoko unokulibala ngokulula.
Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ligama elingahleliwe elinabalinganiswa abangaphezulu kwe-8, inokuba ligama elide olikhumbulayo, unokuzama ukubeka amagama amabini ahlukaniswe lixesha okanye ibha, ungabeka amanani, kodwa khumbula ukuba kufuneka ibe yinto elula ukuze ungabhidanisi kamva.
Lumkela iWi-Fi
Ukuba ucwangcisa ukwenza into eyimfihlo njengokungena kwiakhawunti yebhanki, kunqande ukusebenzisa iWi-Fi yoluntu, njengoko oku kukushiya njengethagethi elula yokuba yintoni umqhekezi. Ayenzi mahluko ukuba "yeyomzuzu kuphela", elo xesha lifutshane, linokunika umnqwazi omnyama we-hat yakho iphasiwedi kwisitya sesilivere kwaye ungene ngokulula kwiakhawunti yakho ukuze ube imali yakho.
Ukuthenga kwi-Intanethi
Amaphepha amaninzi okwangoku anika ukhetho lokuthenga phantse, oku kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa eyaziwayo kukufaka inombolo yekhadi lakho, idilesi, phakathi kwabanye. Ukuba la maphepha akakhuselwanga yi-HTTPS, kunokwenzeka ukuba ayenziwe ngabaqhekezi ukuze babambe ulwazi lwakho lomntu.
Ngaba uyazi ukuba ujonga njani ukuba indawo ikhuselekile? Ewe, ngaphambi kokongeza i-URL okanye idilesi yesiza, kuya kufuneka kubekho i-inshurensi encinci eluhlaza, ngale nto uya kuyazi ukuba indawo oyingenayo ikhuselekile. Ukuba asikuthathi ngokungathí sina oku, sinokuba ngamaxhoba obusela okanye senze nomgunyathi.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba zeziphi ezonavenkile zintle onokuzithenga, siyakumema ukuba undwendwele eli nqaku lilandelayo: Ezona venkile zintanethi kwihlabathi.
UkuPhatha
Le yindlela eqhelekileyo phakathi kwabaqhekezi, isekwe ekubuzeni abasebenzisi ngolwazi lomntu siqu ngokusebenzisa amakhonkco. Abantu abanamava amancinci kwinethiwekhi ngabo bahlala bexhoba koku.
Naluphi na uhlobo lolwazi lunokufunyanwa ngale ndlela, nokuba: igama, iphasiwedi kunye nendawo.