I-Las Izici zerutha esizokuchaza ngokulandelayo, kuzosiza umfundi nomsebenzisi ukuthi bazi okwengeziwe ngale divayisi ebalulekile. Ungaphuthelwa yikho konke okuhlobene nalesi sihloko ngokufunda i-athikili elandelayo.
Izici zerutha
I-router, ebizwa nangokuthi i-router, iyithuluzi elenziwa ngogesi elikuvumela ukuthi uxhume imishini ehlukahlukene yamakhompyutha, omakhalekhukhwini namathebulethi ngenethiwekhi. Inesibopho sokusungula umzila ochaziwe wepakethe yedatha ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yolwazi noma i-inthanethi.
Babaluleke kakhulu ehhovisi, ekusungulweni kwebhizinisi nasekhaya, njengoba ucingo lwalunjalo maphakathi nekhulu lama-XNUMX. Izici zerutha zivumela abantu abaningi ukuthi baxhume kunethiwekhi ye-inthanethi. Basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuxhuma ezithi ngamanye amadivayisi, ezivumela ukuxhumana ukuthi kwenziwe ngaphandle kwentambo.
Njengamanje cishe wonke umsebenzi nomsebenzi owenziwayo uphathwa ngamanethiwekhi, kungaba ngokufundisayo noma kokuzijabulisa. Kungakho kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi kanjani Isebenza kanjani i-WiFi nokuthi singenza kanjani okunye ukuxhumana.
Njengamanje awukho umsebenzi emhlabeni lapho ukuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi kungabandakanyeki khona. Ukuxhumeka okungenziwa nge-router kuxhunywe ngaphandle kwentambo noma ngezintambo ezikhethekile. Kepha ake sibheke ngokuningiliziwe konke okuphathelene nalesi sihloko.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi amadivayisi alula abhekele ukusungula ukuzula kumanethiwekhi. Kungakho le ndatshana ichaza izici zerutha, kanye neminye imininingwane ebalulekile, bese sibona ukuthi ziyini:
- Inikeza lula kubasebenzisi abadinga ukuxhuma ku-inthanethi.
- Inokuzimela kwamandla, okusho ukuthi, inesistimu yayo yokwamukela amandla.
- Igcina uhlelo lwama-algorithms asiza ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela emfushane eya kunethiwekhi ye-inthanethi.
- Inekhono lokukhawulela ukufinyelela. Ine-firewall ne-firewall system yayo.
- Yazisa umsebenzisi lapho uhlelo selugcwele.
- Ikhipha isignali ngohlelo lwama-antenna angahlanganiswa ngaphakathi. Kweminye imishini ungabona kuze kube yizimpondo ezine.
- I-interface iqondile, esiza ukuxhuma abasebenzisi abaningi ngasikhathi sinye.
- Ingaxhunywa ngezintambo ngenethiwekhi ye-Ethernet, okuwuhlelo lwangaphakathi lwenethiwekhi yokuxhuma.
- Inamandla okubekwa ezikhundleni ezahlukahlukene.
- Kuyisihlukanisi esihle sethrafikhi esenzeka kunethiwekhi.
- Ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene futhi zilula kakhulu
- Phatha futhi ulawule ithrafikhi ebheke kumakheli nezindawo ezithile ezifana nokuxhumeka kwe-WAN, i-LAN VLAN.
- Nciphisa ukungena nokungena okungafuneki kunethiwekhi.
- Inokuhlinzekwa kokuxhuma ngaphandle kwentambo noma ngezintambo.
- Ihambisana nanoma iyiphi inqubo yenethiwekhi.
- Nika amakheli we-IP ngokushesha nangokuzenzakalelayo.
- Phatha iziphequluli ezahlukahlukene ezinikezwa yi-Intanethi, njengeFirefox, Google, Yahoo! phakathi kwabanye.
- Ungaxhuma izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuxhumana kwezwi nevidiyo.
Kuyini?
Lawa madivayisi ahlinzeka abasebenzisi ngemisebenzi ehlukahlukene, eminye engaziwa nakubaningi. Zimelela inzuzo enkulu kubantu abadinga ukuxhumana ne-inthanethi nsuku zonke. Kepha ake sibone ukuthi yini leyo misebenzi:
- Umsebenzi omkhulu ukusungula amapharamitha wokuxhuma amadivayisi ahlukahlukene kumanethiwekhi, ikakhulukazi i-Intanethi.
- Isungula izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuxhumana kwangaphakathi ezindaweni ezincane ngokusebenzisa okuthiwa amanethiwekhi wedatha we-WAN, LAN ne-VLAN
- Ivumela amakhompyutha ukuthi ahlangane ndawonye ukwakha inethiwekhi encane yamakhompyutha.
- Isebenzisa izixhumanisi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ku-LAN eyodwa futhi ngenxa yalokhu kulinganisa ukugeleza kwedatha
- Thola futhi uphathe ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi
- Lawula - amakhompyutha lapho idatha ingathunyelwa khona
- Ilungisa ngezinqubo zokuphepha, izicelo zabasebenzisi abafuna ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi ye-inthanethi.
- Igcina imininingwane igeleza kahle.
- Kwakha konke ukuhanjiswa okufinyelela kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene
- Amamodeli wezinhlobo ezingenantambo angathumela isignali yamagagasi etholwa ngasikhathi sinye ngamadivayisi nemishini eyahlukahlukene. Bangamagagasi amafushane omsakazo adinga ukuba kude kakhulu.
- Ifaka amakhodi wedatha ukuze idlulise ngokuthula lapho iya khona.
- Ivumela ubumbano bokuxhuma ngezintambo.
- Buyekeza ngokuzenzakalela amatafula womzila.
- Phatha idatha edinga ukudluliselwa kusuka kunethiwekhi eyodwa kuya kwenye.
- Igcina uhlelo lokuphepha luvumela kuphela labo abazi ikhodi yokuphepha nephasiwedi ukungena ngemvume.
- Ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume amaphrinta ngezintambo noma ngokungenantambo. Uma nje idivayisi yokuphrinta inohlobo oluthile lwe-WiFi noma uxhumano lwe-bluetooth.
Izingxenye zerutha
Lawa madivayisi akhiqizwa ngamamodeli ahlukene; kodwa-ke, ukwakheka kwayo nokwakhiwa kwezobuchwepheshe kufana kakhulu cishe kuzo zonke. Ziqukethe ama-microprocessors nama-microcircuits asiza ukuxhuma kumanethiwekhi ngokushesha.
yangaphandle
I-router ngokuvamile yenziwe ngezinto zepulasitiki namanye ama-alloys ayatholakala. Zilula kakhulu futhi ikhava yazo ivumela ukuvikela nokuvikela yonke imijikelezo yangaphakathi yemishini. Bese kuba nephaneli langaphambili lapho kunezinkinobho namalambu avumela ukwazi amazinga okusebenza.
Le ngxenye iqukethe inkinobho yamandla kwesinye isikhathi ebekwe ngemuva, konke kuncike kumodeli, bese kuvela ama-LED, okuyizinkomba zokukhanya, ngokusho kokucwayiza noma ukuzinza kwazo, esivumela ukuthi sazi ukuthi ukwenziwa komsebenzi kukuziphi izimo.
Amalambu aholwayo ngokuvamile akhombisa ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi, uma ifoni ivuliwe, uketshezi kwe-LAN kuzinzile noma uma ukudluliswa kwe-WIFI kusebenza kahle.
Ngemuva kukhona ukuxhumeka kwembobo ye-USB, okukuvumela ukuthi wabelane ngamafayela nemininingwane ehlukahlukene kunethiwekhi, futhi kudlulisa ukumiswa kwedivayisi kukhompyutha. Okulandelayo, ungabona i-BNCl-type WAN port, ekuvumela ukuthi uxhume izintambo zohlobo lwe-coaxial; Uma ungenayo ikhebula le-USB, lingasetshenziselwa ukuxhumana okubanzi.
Ingaphandle liqukethe i-WAN port optical, esetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izintambo ze-fiber optic. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho lolu hlobo lokuxhumeka lungatholakala, ukuxhumana okuphephe kakhudlwana kuyasungulwa. Landela i-WAN RJ45 port, enomsebenzi wokujoyina i-router namadivayisi ahlukile axhunywe ngekhebula.
Isamukeli samandla siwuhlobo lomthombo osiza ukuthola amandla kagesi futhi eza ne-adaptha yohlobo lwe-AC / DC, evumela ukuvikelwa lapho kunokucima kukagesi kungalindelekile.
Ingaphakathi
I-router ngayinye iqukethe i-CPU encane, eyi-processor elawula yonke imingcele nemisebenzi etholwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. I-CPU isebenzisa imingcele yolwazi ehlukahlukene. Le processor iphethe ukwenza isenzo ngasinye futhi yenza imiyalo kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha.
Futhi ilawula futhi ilawula ukuxhumana kwamadivayisi ahlukahlukene axhunyiwe. Amandla eRouter ayahluka ngemodeli, ngakho-ke ukuguquguquka kwesinye isikhathi kungabonakala uma imodeli yakho ihlukile. Kukhona nenkumbulo ye-RAM, enesibopho sokugcina idatha nolwazi okwesikhashana.
Le nkumbulo, yize inomthamo olinganiselwe, ibalulekile njengenye yezimpawu zerutha, ngoba igcina amatafula ahlukahlukene womzila, isilondolozi sokushintsha kanye nendawo eqinile yokusebenza kwangaphakathi kwedivayisi.
Imemori ye-RAM yomzila ifana neyekhompyutha. Ngakho-ke uma icishiwe ibuyela ekusethweni kabusha kwayo yonke imininingwane egciniwe. Enye ingxenye yilokho okuthiwa i-flash memory; Lokhu kunomsebenzi wokugcina izithombe zohlelo lokusebenza, kepha futhi kuncike kuzidingo zomsebenzisi.
Ingxenye elandelayo imemori ye-ROM, eyokufundwa kuphela, kepha igcina idatha namanye amakhodi abizwa ngokuthi okuthunyelwe. Ukuvumela ukunikeza unomphela kolwazi oluthile olufana namaphasiwedi noma idatha ye-IP. Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngalesi sihloko, sincoma ukuthi ufunde i- Imemori ye-ROM.
Izinhlobo zomzila namamodeli
Imakethe nokuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi we-router namuhla kukhule kakhulu. Njengamanje kunemikhiqizo namamodeli ahlukahlukene atholakala kalula kunoma yisiphi isitolo sekhompyutha namakhompyutha. Izici ze-Router ziyahlukahluka kuye ngekhwalithi nentengo.
I-Asus RT-N12E C1
Kuyindlela engenantambo yomzila i-N300, ekhombisa ukuthi ikumodi ye-Access Point / repeater, empeleni ingamadivayisi amathathu koyedwa, iza nezimpondo ezihleliwe ezi-2 dBi ezinwebisa ukumbozwa. Umkhawulokudonsa ungalungiswa futhi aqukethe iseva ye-VPN, ingakwazi ukuxhasa kuze kufike kumanethiwekhi amathathu ngokwahlukana.
I-Asus RT-AC53
Le modeli yomkhiqizo we-Asus, inokusekelwa kwe-VPN namachweba we-2gb, ikwazi ukusingatha isivinini esiseduze ne-750 Mbps ngendlela ehlangene: i-ASUSWR yokulawula okuhlakaniphile, nayo engeyesixhumi esibonakalayo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulawule futhi ulungiselele izinhlelo zokusebenza zenethiwekhi. Inezimpondo ezintathu ezithuthukisa kakhulu isignali.
Ivumela ukudluliswa kwedatha ngokuphindwe kashumi kunedivayisi yendabuko ye-10/10 Ethernet. Iqukethe amachweba amabili we-Gb. Ingenye yezinconywa kakhulu ngochwepheshe ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu. Intengo iphezulu kepha kufanelekile.
I-Asus RT-AC66U
Imodeli ye-router engenantambo i-AC1750 enebhendi ebili ne-USB yokungena, i-Triple VAN iyahambisana ne-Ai Mesh Wifi. Igcina uxhumano lwejubane elikhulu kuze kufike ku-450 Mbps, ku-2,4 Ghz broadband kuze kufike ku-1300 Mbps ngebhande elihlanganisiwe lapho imvamisa nokudluliswa kuyi-5 Ghz.
Iqukethe izimpondo ezimbili zamandla amakhulu ezivumela ukuxhumana okuhle ukuthi kusungulwe. Ibuye ibe nechweba le-USB elikuvumela ukuthi wabelane ngamafayela. Amaphrinta nokuxhuma kuze kufike ku-4G, iphindwe izikhathi eziyi-10 kune-USB 2.0. Izinzuzo intengo, iqukethe i-Asus Firmware, ukuxhumeka kwe-AC namachweba we-1 GbE, okungalungile Izimbobo ezimbili kuphela ze-Ethernet futhi ayinakho ukuhambisana kwe-DLNA.
I-TP-Link Archer i-C1200
I-TP-Link Archer C1200 iyi-Dual Band Wireless Gigabit Router, edlulisa ama-300Mbps ku-2.4GHz futhi icishe ibe yi-900Mbps ku-5Ghz. Imbobo ye-USB imodeli 2.03, iqukethe izimpondo ezimbili ezinokudlulisa okuhle kakhulu. Imodeli ephezulu yale Router iqukethe izimpondo ezintathu zangaphandle ze-5dBi.
Ukumboza ekuhlinzekayo kuqondiswa ngama-omni, kugcina ukuthembeka okuhle kakhulu. Ithuthukiswe nge-Beamforming technology, ekuvumela ukuthi uphathe ukuxhumana okungenantambo okuphezulu. Amachweba amane aqukethe akuvumela ukuthi wandise ukusebenza kwawo. Intengo ilungiswa ekubukekeni kwayo.
I-Netgear R6400
Le divayisi iyimodeli yeNighthawk AC1750 WiFi Router, enebhendi ebili enamachweba ama-4 weGigabit. Iprosesa ingu-Armor brand, ukumbozwa kufinyelela ku-90 m2, isivinini esiphezulu singafinyelela kuma-Mbps ayi-1300. Iyahambisana nanoma iyiphi imishini nedivayisi.
Ukuxhumeka kungu-fiber nge-processor ye-800Mhz. Iqukethe izimpondo ezimbili ezikhulisiwe. Ivumela ukuxhuma kumanethiwekhi nemishini yomsindo, imidlalo yevidiyo, omakhalekhukhwini, phakathi kwabanye. Futhi ethekwini le-USB ungaxhuma iphrinta noma i-hard drive yangaphandle, ukuze ukwazi ukudala ifu lakho siqu.
I-Linksys EA6900
Lolu hlobo lwe-Smart Wi-Fi wireless router yi-Dual Band 2.4 + 5 GHz, enezici ze-Wireless-AC, Smart Wi-Fi, Beamforming, USB 2.0 ne-USB 3.0. Idivayisi ivumela ukudlulisa kuze kube izikhathi ezine ukwedlula ubuchwepheshe be-N. Igcina ukudluliswa kwe-4 Mbps ku-300 Ghz futhi ingafinyelela ku-2,4 Mbps kuhlanganiswe ku-1400Ghz.
I-TP-LINK Archer C3200 ne-C5400
Le router engenantambo ye-tri-band Gigabit enamandla angama-3200 Mbps ku-5 Ghz, inezimpondo eziyisithupha. Okuvumela ukudlulisa inqwaba yamakhompyutha namadivayisi eselula ngaphandle kwentambo: ubuchwepheshe bususelwe ku-Smart Wifi ye-TP-Link, isikhombimsebenzisi sayo silula futhi singesinye sezithuthuke kakhulu emakethe.
Konke kusebenza ngobuchwepheshe be-TP-Link's Smart WiFi obukhetha ngokuzenzakalela ibhendi yemvamisa efaneleke kakhulu. Inikeza isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo sokuphatha, kanye nezinketho ezithuthukile. Uhlobo lwe-C5400 luqukethe ama-antenna ayi-8 futhi lisetshenziswa ezinkampanini ezahlukahlukene zezinkampani.
Yisethenjwa esihle sokuxhuma ivolumu ebanzi nephezulu, umthamo wayo wokudlulisa ofana ne-C3200, ungafinyelela ku-5400 Amamephu ehlangene ngaphandle kokufinyelela isiminyaminya. Ukuphathwa kwesiteshi nokwabelana ngamasiginali kuhambisana ne-CPU ne-RAM enhle.
Umehluko phakathi komzila nemodemu
Lawa madivayisi amabili ayafana kakhulu futhi imisebenzi ayifezayo isho nokuthi angaba nemisebenzi efanayo. Izici zerutha zenzelwe ukunikeza ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi okungenantambo. Lokhu kuyinzuzo enkulu ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo kushiyiwe.
Ngendlela yokuthi ivumela ukuxhuma kumadivayisi amaningi ngasikhathi sinye, nakanjani lapho ivolumu yokuxhuma iphakeme, ithrafikhi iyakhula futhi uxhumano nesivinini kuyehla. Ngokwengxenye yayo, iModem iyidivayisi ethatha isignali kumhlinzeki wesevisi ye-inthanethi futhi iyiguqulele kudatha esetshenziswa noma iyiphi idivayisi.
Imodemu isebenza nochungechunge lwamakhodi oluguqula futhi oluguqulayo lube yisiginali ukuze yamukelwe ngamadivayisi ahlukahlukene. Isiginali evela kumhlinzeki yenziwa ngekhebula le-fiber optic, bese ithunyelwa ku-router ukuze idluliswe ngamagagasi omsakazo amadivayisi angayithola.
Amanye amadivayisi ahlanganiswe kumodemu nakuma-routers, ukufuna ukusebenza kahle nokuncipha kwezinqubo ezingadida umsebenzisi. Noma kunjalo, lawa madivayisi kwesinye isikhathi ahlupheka ekulayisheni okuningi kwedatha. Bacubungula imininingwane nge-RAM eyodwa ne-CPU eyodwa. Ukusakaza kungathatha isikhathi futhi kushayise idivayisi.
Kunenye idivayisi engasetshenziswa kakhulu, icishe ifane neRouter. Ebizwa ngamadivayisi wokuphinda amasiginali, asetshenziswa emakhaya nasemakamelweni amakhulu lapho isignali ye-router ingafinyeleli khona. Zibekwe ezindaweni ezithile futhi zikhulise isignali efinyelela ngisho ngaphezulu kwe-100 M2.
Izintambo zerutha
Yize uxhumano olungenantambo lufuna ukwenza izici zerutha zisebenze kangcono, akunakugwenywa ukuba neziteshi eziningana zokwenza ukuxhumana okuyinhloko kwamadivayisi. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi okufakiwe kuphakheji yokuthenga ye-Router.
Imodemu eya kukhebula yomzila
Lapho sithenga i-Router kufanele ngabe sesivele siyifakile iModem. Ithola ukudluliswa okuvela kumhlinzeki wesevisi ye-intanethi. Itholwa ngekhebula lohlobo lwefoni elixhunywe kwiModem. Ngokulandelayo kusuka ku-Modem ukuxhumana kwekhebula kufanele kwenziwe ku-Router.
Ukuxhuma ku-Router kwenziwa ngekhebula elibizwa nge- «Ethernet Cable», lokhu kusuka echwebeni le-Intanethi leModem noma i-WAN kanye nechweba lokufaka le-WAN le-Router. Kuyinqubo elula kakhulu, mane ucindezele ikhebula futhi uma uzwa ukuchofoza, ukuxhumana kuzobe sekulungile.
Kubalulekile ukwenza lokhu kuxhumana namadivayisi avaliwe «Valiwe», umqondo ukuvikela oxhumana nabo futhi uvikele umfutho onamandla futhi ongadingekile ongalimaza i-microcircuit.
Kusuka ku-router kuye kumadivayisi anentambo
Izintambo zohlobo lwe-Ethernet ziphuma ku-router futhi kufanele zixhunywe kumadivayisi ngqo. Izimbobo ezahlukahlukene zokukhishwa kwezinombolo zingabonakala ngemuva kweModem. Ngakho-ke ngokuya ngemodeli abangahamba ngayo ukusuka ku-l1 kuye ku-10. Ungaxhuma amadivayisi owadingayo uma uzozenza ngaphandle kwentambo.
Okubi ukuthi ukuhamba ngaphakathi kwendawo, kungaba igumbi, indlu noma ihhovisi, kukhawulelwe endaweni eyodwa. Kodwa-ke, inzuzo ukuthi ukuxhumana kuzinzile kakhulu futhi kusebenza kahle.
Kusuka kumzila kuya kukhompyutha
Ukwenza inethiwekhi yasekhaya kubalulekile ukuxhuma i-Router kunethiwekhi yangaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ikhebula le-Ethernet liyasetshenziswa futhi lifakwe ethekwini lokufaka lekhompyutha. Ngalesi sixhumanisi ungafeza Ungaxhuma kanjani kunethiwekhi home ekuvumela ukuthi uhlele futhi uxhume kuwo wonke amadivayisi ngezintambo.
Khumbula ukuthi ngemuva kokuxhuma i-Router ekunikezelweni kwamandla, kufanele siyivule, singenzi ukusebenza okuphambene nalokho. Ngemuva kwalokho noma iyiphi idivayisi ingaxhuma kunethiwekhi ye-inthanethi ngisho nakwinethiwekhi yasekhaya ngokuthola igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi yomnikazi weRouter.
Ngemuva kokuvula esinye sezici zerutha ukuthi amalambu e-LED aqala ukucwayiza ukukhombisa ukuthi inqubo iyenziwa. Ukubukeza imanuwali yemodeli yemishini, ikutshela ukuthi i-LED ngayinye ifeza muphi umsebenzi.
Izincomo
Ukwazi izici ze-Router kuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi azi imininingwane nokusebenza kwayo. Kungakho kuhle ukuthi uma uyisebenzisa okokuqala kufanele ufunde imanuwali ngokucophelela.
Ukuxhumana kufanele kwenziwe njengoba kukhonjisiwe kumanuwali. Cishe ukuzama okufanayo ukukubeka ezindaweni lapho kungaphazanyiswa khona amasiginali wethelevishini, izimpondo, izintambo noma enye into kagesi engaphazamisa isignali.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi uma kukhona uhlobo oluthile lokuvinjelwa ekudlulisweni kokudluliswa, i-Router ngeke ikwazi ukusebenza kahle. Esinye isincomo esibalulekile ukusebenzisa imishini yokuvikela namadivayisi. Okuvumela ukuyivikela uma kungenzeka ukusikeka nokushintshashintsha kwezikhawu zikagesi.
Yize i-Router ngayinye iza ne-transformer yamandla encane enikeza amandla kudivayisi; Inamandla okuthi uma kwenzeka kuphuma ugesi ngokushesha, ihlala ilindile imizuzwana embalwa. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvimbela umfutho wamandla owenzayo lapho kubuya ugesi.