Izinhlobo ze-Linux Yazi ngayinye yazo!

Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lungenye yezidume kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa wake wazibuza ukuthi zingaki Izinhlobo ze-Linux ngabe zikhona kuze kube manje? Lapha uzothola impendulo!

izinhlobo ze-linux-1

Yini iLinux?

Linux Kungumthombo ovulekile, isistimu yokusebenza efana ne-Unix. Zakhiwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwamaphrojekthi ahlukene, lapho i-GNU ivelele khona, iholwa ngumqambi wezinhlelo waseMelika uRichard Stallman ebambisene neFree Software Foundation, lesi sisekelo sihlose ukusabalalisa iSoftware Yamahhala, ngaphezu kernel yesistimu yokusebenza eyaziwa njenge «Linux », Iqondiswe ngumqambi wezinhlelo waseFrance uLinus Torvalds, umfundi wesayensi yamakhompyutha.

Ngo-1991 udale iLinux futhi washeshe wanakwa ngonjiniyela abaningi, abasebenzisa imibono ye-Open Source Software, bakhe uhlelo lokusebenza oluqinile.

Lo mqondo wazalelwa eHelsinki, inhloko-dolobha yaseFinland. Ngoba uTorvalds wayekwazi ukufinyelela kumaseva we-Unix, evela eyunivesithi yakhe. Uhlelo alusebenzisile ukwakha i-kernel yakhe kwaku- "Minix".

Njenganoma yikuphi ukudalwa okuphumelelayo, lokhu bekuwumsebenzi wokusetshenziswa komuntu kuphela, lapho uTorvalds acabanga khona ngenduduzo yakhe lapho esebenzisa ikhompyutha yakhe.

Izici eziyinhloko ze-GNU Software /Linux Yilezi ezilandelayo:

  • Isici esiyinhloko se- Linux ukuthi iyi-software yomthombo ovulekile noma i- "Open Source"
  • Imahhala ngokuphelele futhi kufanele nje uyilande kusuka kumthengisi we-inthanethi.
  • Esinye isici esivelele yi "Preferential Multitasking" ngoba iyona kuphela uhlelo lokusebenza olunaleli thuluzi, oluvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka phakathi kwazo. Ngokungafani nethuluzi leWindows elibizwa nge- "Cooperative Multitasking".
  • Elinye iphuzu eliqinile le- Linux ngukuthi zonke izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi zingasebenza ngokunemba okukhulu, lokhu futhi kunikeza ithuba ekufinyeleleni i-inthanethi.
  • Ukulandela iphuzu langaphambilini, ngenxa yalokhu, singaguqula i-PC yethu ibe yiseva, ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
  • Linux Ayizange ikhulelwe njengohlelo oluphathekayo, kepha namuhla ngokuyisisekelo konke ukusatshalaliswa kwayo.
  • Uhlelo Linux Inazo zonke izinto eziyisisekelo zokwakha izinhlelo eziqinile nesoftware isebenzisa izilimi: "C", "C ++", "ObjectiveC", "Pascal", "Fortran", "BASIC", phakathi kwabanye. Lokho kuthanda imvelo yonjiniyela.
  • "I-Multi-user" kungenye yezimpawu zayo eziyinhloko futhi okuyibeke lapho ikhona njengamanje, phakathi kokunye, ivumela abasebenzisi abahlukile ukuthi bafinyelele kuzinsizakusebenza ezifanayo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
  • Ukuphepha kwayo okuphezulu kungesinye isici esikubeka kahle, lokhu kuhambisana nomnikelo ohlangene wabathuthukisi abaningi.
  • Okokugcina, Linux ingashintshwa kunoma iyiphi idivayisi. Isibonelo esicacile uhlelo lwe-Android, olubuye lusatshalaliswe LinuxLokhu sizokubona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukulandelana kwezikhathi zezinguqulo ze-Linux ezikhona kuze kube manje.

I- "Distro" njengezinguqulo ze- Linux, kumane nje kungukusatshalaliswa kohlelo lwe-GNU /Linux Kubandakanya iphakethe lezinhlelo, ngokuya ngezidingo zokudalwa kwalo. Lapha sithola uhlu lwe-Distro olandwe ngokulandelana kwesikhathi.

Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi izinhlobo azange zengezwe, ukuthi azisekelwa noma bekungamaphrojekthi kepha azange ziphumelele. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukonga isikhathi, ngoba uma konke kungezwe kuzoba nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-800 ze- Linux. 

Lokho kusho, njengoba uLinus Torvalds adala uhlelo lwakhe lokusebenza nje ukuzijabulisa ngo-1991, kwafika abahlanganyeli kwazalwa inguqulo yokuqala:

  1. Linux 0.12: Kungokuqala kwe- Izinhlobo ze-Linux emhlabeni, umdali wayo kwakungu-HJ Lu ngo-1992. Ukufakwa kwakudingeka kwenziwe ngamadiski e-floppy amabili, elinye lalibhekene nokuQeqesha ikhompyutha, kanti elinye ukuliQothula. Ukuze inqubo iqede ngempumelelo, ikhompyutha ibidinga ukuba nomhleli wohlobo lwe-hexadecimal.
  2. I-MCC Yesikhashana I-Linux: Ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux okudala kakhulu okwakhiwa eManchester Computing Centre, nango-1992. Umakhi wayo kwakungu-Owen Le Blanc, futhi wayegqama ngokuba inguqulo yokuqala eyayingafakwa ngokuzimela kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha. Kwasatshalaliswa esidlangalaleni kuseva ye-FTP eManchester Computing Center.
  3. Tami I-Linux: Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva ngo-1992, inguqulo entsha ye- Linux ayithuthukise eTexas A&M eceleni kwe-Unix ne Linux Iqembu Lomsebenzisi. Le nguqulo ibe ngeyokuqala ukunikela ngamawindi ahlukahlukene ohlelweni ngaphezu kwesihleli sombhalo.
  4. I-Softlanding Linux Izinhlelo (i-SLS): Lokhu kusatshalaliswa kukhishwe cishe ngasikhathi sinye nokwangaphambilini (iTamu Linux), kepha kwehlukile ngoba kubeke isisekelo sezinguqulo ezihamba phambili ze Linux esazi njengamanje. Kwakususelwa ku-MCC Yesikhashana Linux futhi umdali wayo kwakunguPeter McDonald. I-2 yeLinux Distros esekhona ibisuselwa ku-SLS, lawa ngama- "Debian" ne- "Slackware".
  5. I-Slackware: Le nguqulo iphume maphakathi nonyaka wama-92, futhi kusukela ekwethulweni kwayo kwaze kwaba cishe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90 yabusa imakethe yeSoftware. Ngokuya ngeSoftlanding Linux Systems kanye nezinye izinguqulo ezibalulwe ngenhla, lena endala kunazo zonke ezisasebenza futhi ethola izibuyekezo.
  6. I-YGGDRASIL: Ithuthukiswe enkampanini ka-Adam J. Ritcher esifundazweni saseCalifornia, yayiyi-Distro yokuqala eyasatshalaliswa yi-CD ROM: Yayibuye ibe ngeyokuqala engalungiswa kusetshenziswa i-Plug and Play. Yasungulwa ngasekupheleni kuka-1992 yiYggdrasil Computing Inc.
  7. UDebian: Ukuthandana kusukela maphakathi no-1993, lokhu kube ngenye ye Izinhlobo ze-Linux  iqine ngokwengeziwe, nokuthi ngokuhamba kweminyaka iyaqhubeka nokuvuselelwa. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ibisuselwa naku-SLS futhi umthuthukisi wayo kwakungu-Ian Murdock. Ibitholakala nge-CD-ROM futhi ilandwe ku-inthanethi. Kungashiwo ukuthi le nguqulo iphawula ngaphambi nangemva emlandweni we I-Linux, amanye ama-distros amaningi asuselwa ku-Debian. Le software isebenziseka kakhulu ngoba ivumelana namakhompyutha ahlukahlukene futhi itholakala ngezilimi eziningi.
  8. I-Red Hat I-Linux: Ingenye yezinguqulo ezindala kakhulu, futhi isasebenza nanamuhla, noma ngabe ingaphansi kwegama elihlukile ngemuva kokuhlangana neFedora. Inkampani iRed Hat ibinomthwalo wokwethulwa kwayo ngo-1994, ingezinye zezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezentengiselwano. Ngemuva kokuhlangana ngo-2003, isebenza ngaphansi kwegama iRed Hat Enterprise Linux. Iphayone ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okuphatha amaphakheji wesoftware, futhi yabeka isisekelo sezinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuyisebenzisa.
  9. UMandrake noma uMandriva Linux: Ikhishwe ngo-1998 futhi isuselwa kuRed Hat Linux, iqondiswe emphakathini ngamakhompyutha ukuze uzisebenzisele wona. Kwakuyisistimu efaneleke kakhulu kubo bobabili abaqalayo futhi kakhulu. Umthuthukisi wayo wayengumbambisene wenkampani yaseFrance iMandrakeSoft, uGael Duval.
  10. iza Linux: Le nguqulo eyenzelwe isiJapane, imfoloko yeRed Hat futhi ixhaswe yiVineCaves. Iqale ukuthuthuka ngo-1998 kwathi ngo-2000 yakhishelwa umphakathi.
  11. I-ELKS: Kuyisistimu engaphansi ethwala ngaphandle kwezimo i-nucleus ye I-Linux, Idizayinelwe amakhompyutha anezakhiwo eziphansi, isibonelo ama-bits angama-16. Phambilini beyaziwa njengeLinux-8086, futhi yaqala ukusebenza ngo-99.
  12. Inja Ephuzi: I-Distro kusuka ngo-1999, yathuthukiswa cishe ngasikhathi sinye neRed Hat Linux futhi kusekelwe kuye. Kepha lokhu kwehlukile ekutheni isebenza kahle kumakhompyutha we-Power PC.
  13. I-ElinOS: Ingenye ye- Izinhlobo ze-Linux ngezicelo zezimboni futhi ezasebenza kuma-Host computer. Onke amaphakheji ayo angumthombo ovulekile, yingakho ukukhishwa kwawo ngo-99 kwakuyinto enhle kakhulu.

izinhlobo ze-linux-2

Izinhlobo zeLinux kusukela ngonyaka ka-2000

  1. I-SmoothWall: Le distro yasungulwa emakethe ngo-2000 futhi yayingenye yama-Firewalls amahle kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Njengoba ibingasebenzi njengenkonzo ephephile kuphela kumanethiwekhi, kepha futhi isebenze njengeseva.
  2. I-CRUX Linux: Ingenye yezinguqulo zokuqala zeLinux, ezakhelwe abathuthukisi futhi zilula. Ikhishwe ngo-2001 futhi isasebenza ku-Linux kernel. Ukuvuselelwa kwayo kwenziwa ngonjiniyela abahlukahlukene emphakathini we-CRUX.
  3. ISkolelinux: Le distro yaziwa nangokuthi iDebianEdu, okusho ukuthi inguqulo yezemfundo kaDebian eyakhishwa ngo-2001. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kuyinsiza yezikole eNorway, ukwenza uhlelo lokufunda lwabafundi kanye nemodi yokuhlola othisha.
  4. I-PA-RISC I-Linux: Kuyi-distro elula eyethulwe ngo-2001, ngenhloso yokuthi amakhompyutha anezinqubo ze-PA-RISC angajabulela uhlelo lwe-Linux kernel.
  5. Arch Linux: Ngo-2002 uJudd Vinet futhi wayesekelwe kuCrux. Ngalesi sizathu, kubuye kube yi-minimalist Distro, ebonakala ngokufaka izinhlelo ezimbalwa ekufakweni kwayo. Kwakungomunye wabokuqala ukuthola izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo online.
  6. I-KNOPPIX: Ukusatshalaliswa kweJalimane okunomgogodla LinuxKusuka ohlelweni lomthombo ovulekile, iphatheka ngokungamaphesenti ayikhulu futhi ingathwalwa nge-CD noma nge-pendrive, bese kuba kwi-DVD. Ngo-2002 yathuthukiswa nguKlaus Knopper, wathembela kuDebian Distro ukudala le nguqulo. Isici sayo ukuthi igcina imvelo yedeskithophu yamahhala, eyaziwa njengeLXDE.
  7. I-Gentoo I-Linux: Le distro ayikaze yethulwe ngokusemthethweni, kodwa-ke, ibisebenza ngaphansi kwegama elithi Gentoo kusukela ngonyaka ka 2002. Igama layo libhekisela kwi-Papua penguin, kucatshangelwa ukuthi imascot yohlelo iyinyoni yalolu hlobo. Le distro ivumelanisa kalula futhi ngokushesha kunoma yikuphi ukwakhiwa futhi ukusebenza kwayo kusebenza kahle, kungabasebenzisi abanolwazi abanamaphakheji wefonti.
  8. Oracle I-Linux: Le distro yaqala ukusebenza njengohlelo lokuxhasa abasebenzisi be-Oracle's Red Hat Linux ngo-2002. Njengoba yasebenza kahle kakhulu, eminyakeni embalwa kamuva yaba yi-distro eyodwa. Njengamanje, iqinisekiswe ngamaseva afana ne-IBM, Dell, Cisco ne-HP. Ingatholakala mahhala ku-inthanethi kusuka kuwebhusayithi ye-Oracle.
  9. Sula i-OS: Lokhu kusatshalaliswa kwe Linux yaphuma ngo-2002, futhi ibuye isuselwe kuRed Hat. Yize inamanye amaphakheji we-CentOS. Ekuqaleni kuka-2002 le distro yaziwa ngokuthi yiClark Conect futhi yayenzelwe izinkampani ezincane ezinemisebenzi yeseva.
  10. IConnochaet OS: Ngo-2002 yaziwa njengeDeli I-Linux, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yahlelwa kabusha ngokususelwa kuSalix naseSlackware, ezobizwa ngeConnochaet OS. Ukugxila kwakhe kwakukumakhompiyutha amadala noma anezinsizakusebenza eziphansi, kubhekwe nemvelo yanamuhla yangaleso sikhathi. Yize kunezingqinamba ezivezwe yile Distro, kusukela ngo-2016 ithole izibuyekezo ezingaphazanyiswa.
  11. I-Lunar I-Linux: Ikhishwe ekuqaleni kuka-2002, ngaphansi kwe-Linux kernel nekhodi yomthombo. Ivelele ngoba ivumelana ngempumelelo nezidingo zabasebenzisi, futhi inesiqalo esilula ngamaphakeji ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Inyanga Linux iyi-distro eguquguqukayo kakhulu esebenza kuzinhlaka ze-X86 ne-X86-64 ngendlela efanayo.
  12. Iseva ye-SME: Maphakathi no-2002 cishe, le nguqulo ibibekwe emakethe, kusukela ngaphambi kokuthi idlule kubanikazi abahlukahlukene. Njengoba kuqagelwa ngegama layo, le software inikeza izinsizakalo zamachweba wokuxhuma, owaziwa kangcono njengenceku.
  13. Umthombo Mage: Ngaphambili owawubizwa nge- "Sorcercer", i-interface kanye nesistimu yokusebenza kubhekisa kumlingo omnyama nobuthakathi, kepha ezinhlelweni ze-PC. Okungaqondakali eceleni, le distro inikeza ukulawula okungcono kwamakhompiyutha ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, ezingabonakala njengomlingo. Njengoba isipelingi simane nje siyinqwaba yemiyalo, le software esikhundleni sokwenza ukusatshalaliswa ngamabhanari, iyenza nekhodi yomthombo; Kungakho onjiniyela beza naleli gama.
  14. Vector Linux: Le yi-distro enengqikithi ye- I-Linux, ivumelana nanoma yisiphi isakhiwo sekhompyutha futhi ihloselwe abasebenzisi abaphakathi. I-interface yayo yenziwa kahle kanye nengxenye yokuqhafaza. Umqambi wayo kwakunguRobert S. Lange, owakhuthazwa yiSlackware ngentuthuko yayo. Namuhla, lokhu kusekelwa kugcinwa yinqwaba yabathandi, abenza ukuthi ihlale isebenza.
  15. I-Freeduc: Kuyi-distro eyinqayizivele eyethulwe emakethe yi- "Organisation for Free Software in Education and Teaching." Ithembele kuKnoppix naseDebian ukwenza i-CD-Rom ebhuthazwayo enesibonisi esibukhoma. Le software yakhelwe ngokusobala ngezinjongo zokufundisa.
  16. I-Linux kusuka ku-Scratch: Le distro, njengaleyo eyedlule, yenzelwe izinjongo zemfundo, kepha igxile kulabo abathuthukisi abafuna ukufunda ukuthi bangazenzela kanjani uhlelo lwabo. Le distro ifaka nencwadi kaGerard Beekmans, lapho echaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungazisekela kanjani izingxenye ze-PC ukuze zihlangane ngokwanelisayo nohlelo. Kwethulwa futhi ngonyaka we-2002.
  17. IBlack Panther: Le distro yenzelwe iHungary ngo-2002, yayisuselwa kuMandriva kanti umakhi wayo kwakunguCharles Barcza. Kusukela ngo-2003, zonke izibuyekezo zayo zifike ngamagama agqama ngokukhethekile kwazo: iShadow, Darkness, Walking Dead, Killer Silent, phakathi kwabanye.
  18. PLD I-Linux: Le Distro iyisigaxa seDebian kepha esidalwe ngabantu basePoland. Le nguqulo isebenza kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha, ulimi lwayo oluphambili yiPolish kodwa futhi ingasetshenziswa ngesiNgisi.
  19. UCaixa Magica: Le distro isiPutukezi, yingakho amaPutukezi evelele. Yize kuyefana ne-Debian, amaphakheji we-SUSE engezwa, inguqulo yamanje neyaziwa umhlaba wonke. Kuyisoftware esetshenziswa ngumphakathi futhi ayinayo imiyalo ethile yemisebenzi esezingeni eliphakeme.
  20. UPhayoune Uphephile I-Linux: Ingenye yama-distros ambalwa we-Thai we Linux ekhishwe ngonyaka we-2002. Iqukethe izici ezinhle zesiphakeli sewebhu, i-firewall neminye imikhiqizo emikhulu edidiyelwe ngezinjongo zebhizinisi. Ngokuyinhloko ibisuselwa kuFedora futhi Linux zoqala phansi. Usekela noma iyiphi izakhiwo.
  21. I-DIET-PC: Kuyisoftware yomthombo ovulekile enikeza ithuba konjiniyela abahlukahlukene ukudala amaklayenti amancane noma ngezinhloso ezikhethekile, ikakhulukazi izakhiwo ze-x86. Le distro iyasebenza kusukela ngo-2002. Ukuze uyisebenzise kumele ube nolwazi lokuhlela futhi wazi Linux. 
  22. I-MontaVista I-Linux: Ikhishwe ngo-2002 futhi isuselwa ku-Kernel ka Linux. Le distro ikuvumela ukuthi wakhe amasistimu ashumekiwe wemishini esetshenziswa kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, ama-processor eselula.
  23. UClinux: Le distro isivumela ukuthi sithwale iKernel ye Linux kumakhompyutha angenayo iyunithi yememori. Kungumsebenzi oshumekiwe we Linux, futhi isiza i-kernel isebenze kumafoni, ama-DVD, ama-iPod, naku-microprocessor eyinqaba.
  24. I-BioLinux: I-distro enamandla kakhulu enemitapo yolwazi emikhulu ezinhlelweni, ikhishwe ngo-2002.
  25. I-GeexBox: I-minimalist distro kusuka ku- I-Linux, Yethulwa ngonyaka we-2002 kanti inhloso yayo bekuwukuguqula i-pc ibe yisidlali semultimedia.
  26. UMindi Linux: Le distro isinikeza ithuba lokwenza izithombe ze-boot zamakhompyutha kusuka kuma-cores wazo.
  27. I-Floppyfw: Le distro isebenza ukusetha i-firewall kumanethiwekhi amancane ezinkampani. Iphume ngo-2002.
  28. UDyne Bolic: Le distro igxile ekudlaleni kwemultimedia, okufana neGeexBox.
  29. I-LTSP: Kuyi-distro enezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamaphakeji asivumela ukuthi siwenze Linux kuma-computer amancane.

Amanye ama-Distros we Linux ezingenakushiywa ngaphandle kokubalula yilezi: I-Fedora, i-Cent OS, i-PC Linux OS, ekhishwe phakathi kuka-2002 no-2003.

Uma uthole ukuthi le ndatshana ilusizo, unganqikazi ukuvakashela i-athikili yethu ehlobene  Izici ze-linux


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