Yini i-CAM?: Incazelo, ukusetshenziswa, izinzuzo nokuningi

Uma ufuna ukwazi Yini i-cam, Ngikumema ukuba ufunde lesi sihloko. Lapha uzothola konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nalolu hlelo lokusebenza oluthakazelisayo lwekhompyutha oluthuthukisa ikhwalithi futhi linciphise izindleko zezinqubo zokukhiqiza ngokujwayelekile.

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Yini ikham?

Igama elithi CAM, ngezifinyezo esiNgisini esikhonjiswe ngalo ekusetshenzisweni kokulingisa, ukumodela nokwenziwa kwemikhiqizo (iComputer Aided Manufacturing), luhlobo lobuchwepheshe oluzama ukwenza ingxenye ehlukile yomjikelezo wokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi ukuhlela , ukuphathwa nokulawulwa kwemisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Ngenxa yalokhu isebenzisa izinhlelo zamakhompiyutha, eziqukethe isikhombimsebenzisi esivumela ukuxhumana nezinsizakusebenza zokukhiqiza.

Mayelana nalokhu, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zesixhumi esibonakalayo esihlobene ne-CAM, yilezi:

  • Isibonisi esiqondile: ikhompyutha ixhuma ngqo nenqubo yokukhiqiza, ukuze yengamele futhi ilawule izinsizakusebenza nokusebenza kwayo.
  • I-interface engaqondile: Ikhompyutha iyithuluzi losizo enqubeni yokukhiqiza, kepha akukho ukuxhumana okuqondile nayo.

Ngale ndlela, kungashiwo ukuthi umsebenzi omkhulu we-CAM ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi nemiyalo evumela ukuzenzekelayo kwemishini ekhethekile ekwenzeni izingxenye nezicucu eziqinile. Ngalokhu, kudinga imibhalo yejometri ekhishwe yiComputer Aided Design (CAD).

Omunye umsebenzi we-CAM wukuhlela amarobhothi akhetha futhi abeke amathuluzi emishini ye-computer elawula izinombolo (CNC). Ngaphezu kokukwazi ukwenza eminye imisebenzi, enjengale: ukupenda, ukushisela, nokuhambisa izingxenye nemishini ngaphakathi kwezikhala ezilinganisiwe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngaphambi kokuthatha uhambo lokuvela kwamasu we-CAM, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi umzamo wokuqala wokuthuthukisa lolu hlobo lwesicelo kwakuwukuhlelwa kwezingxenye ngokulawulwa kwamanani. Ngamanye amagama, ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlelo zemishini elawulwa ngamanani ekwazi ukuhumusha iziyalezo kunyakaza, kufaka phakathi ngaleso sikhathi ukuhlelwa kwamarobhothi kanye nomqondo wezilawuli zengqondo ezinokuhlelwa ezikhona namuhla.

Ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi yini Yini i-cam, kanye nobudlelwano bayo nezilawuli ezinengqondo ezingahlelwa, ungafunda i-athikili elandelayo: isilawuli se-logic esingahlelwa. Lapho uzothola kusuka kwincazelo kuye kuzinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi.

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historia

Ukuthuthukiswa kokuklanywa komkhiqizo namasu wokukhiqiza ikakhulu kubangelwa ukuvela kwamakhompyutha phakathi neminyaka yama-50s.Ngaleso sikhathi, kwavela isikrini sokuqala semidwebo esivumela imidwebo elula engasebenzisani ukuthi yenziwe. Ngokufanayo, umqondo wezinhlelo zokulawula izinombolo wenziwa.

Kamuva, ngokufika kloba lokuloba, kwaqala inkathi yemidwebo ehlangene nokuklanywa.

Eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, kwaqalwa umqondo we-CAD, kanye nezinhlelo ezithile ezikhethekile kuwo, ezazihambisana nokwethulwa kwezentengiselwano kwezikhangiso zekhompyutha.

Eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, maphakathi nawo-70, imboni yaxhaphaza ikhono lamasu wokuklama nokusiza okwenziwa ngamakhompyutha, ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokumodela nokulawulwa kwezinombolo, phakathi kwamanye amathuluzi abalulekile alolu hlobo.

Eminyakeni eyishumi eyalandela ukusetshenziswa kwezicelo ze-CAD / CAM kwasakazeka kabanzi, kanye nentuthuko kwi-hardware nokuvela kwamathuluzi anezinhlangothi ezintathu. Kwakuyisikhathi futhi lapho kwavela khona umqondo weqiniso langempela.

Ngemuva kwalokho, ngawo-90, ukuzenzakalela kwezinqubo zezimboni kwasabalala ngokuhlanganiswa kwamasu wedijithali wokuklama, ukuhlaziya, ukulingisa nokwenziwa kwemikhiqizo.

Ukusuka lapho kuze kube sesikhathini samanje, ukuzenzakalela kwezinqubo zezimboni ngokwakhiwa okusizwa ngamakhompiyutha nokukhiqiza kuqhubekile nokwanda, kwaba inketho esebenza kakhulu futhi enconywayo yokuthuthukiswa kwezinkampani ezifuna ukwenza ngcono izinqubo zazo zokukhiqiza futhi zinciphise izindleko zakho zokukhiqiza.

Esihlokweni sethu izinqubo ezenzakalelayo Uzofunda imininingwane eminingi ngalesi sihloko esithandekayo. Ungaphuthelwa!

Izici

Ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalokho Yini i-cam, ngezansi sizokhuluma ngezici zayo eziyinhloko:

  • Kubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwamakhompyutha ukusiza ekwenziweni kwemikhiqizo.
  • Inikezela ngamathuluzi wokugcwalisa i-geometry edingekayo ukwenza ingxenye.
  • Khiqiza ikhodi yomshini wokulawula izinombolo wekhompyutha.
  • Iqedelela ubuchwepheshe be-CAD bokusiza ukukhiqiza.
  • Yakhiwe yizixhobo zombili zehadiwe kanye nesoftware yokukhiqiza, kanye nezinqubo ezivumela ukuxhumana nemishini.

Izigaba

Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokukhiqiza yomkhiqizo osizwa ubuchwepheshe be-CAM ifaka lezi zigaba ezilandelayo:

  • Ukuhlelwa kwenqubo: Kufaka ukuhlelwa kokukhiqiza, ukuhlaziywa kwezindleko, nokutholwa kwamathuluzi nezinto zokusetshenziswa.
  • Machining izingxenye: Kuhilela izinhlelo ukulawula kwamanani.
  • Ukuhlolwa: Kushiwo ukusebenza kokuhlolwa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi.
  • Umhlangano: Kudinga ukulingiswa kwamarobhothi nezinhlelo.

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Ngemuva kokuqeda zonke lezi zigaba, ucezu noma umkhiqizo wokugcina ulungele ukupakishwa, ukumakethwa nokusatshalaliswa.

Izinzuzo

Ngokuya ngencazelo, izici nezigaba ze-CAM, izinzuzo zayo zingafingqwa ngokulandelayo:

Ngokuvamile, kunciphisa izindleko ezihambisana nabasebenzi futhi kukhuphule amandla enqubo, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina nezinto zawo. Ngamanye amagama, yenza lula, ithuthukise futhi inyuse ikhwalithi yenqubo yokukhiqiza.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusiza ukuphakanyiswa kwezinye izindlela zokwenza ngcono imisebenzi ehambisana nenqubo yokukhiqiza futhi kunciphise amathuba wamaphutha opharetha womuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yenza ngcono ukusatshalaliswa kokusetshenziswa kwemishini, kunciphise isikhathi esitshaliwe ekuthuthukiseni inqubo yokukhiqiza.

Ngokufanayo, ineqhaza ekwakheni nasekusebenziseni kahle izinhlelo zokulawula izinombolo, kuqeda isidingo sokuhlolwa kwemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwedatha nezinsizakusebenza ezibandakanyeka enqubweni yokukhiqiza, kukhulisa ukungaguquguquki nokunemba ekwenzeni izingxenye zomshini.

Ekugcineni, kukhuthaza futhi kuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubuchwepheshe buhlukile kwezinye izingxenye zomjikelezo wokukhiqiza, akunakwenzeka ukuthola zonke izinzuzo eziphelele zomklamo womkhiqizo kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza, okwenza lokhu kube yinkinga enkulu.

Izinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza

Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuningi, amasu e-CAM asetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni enjengalezi: ezobunjiniyela, ezobunjiniyela, ezikagesi nezikagesi, ezokwakha, ezokudweba imephu, ezesayensi, ezezimoto kanye ne-aerospace. Ngokuthambekela kokukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo, i-CAM ngokungangabazeki ibe ubuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo.

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Ukuhlukaniswa

Ngokuya ngomsebenzi abawenzayo, kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinhlelo ze-CAM. Lezi izi:

Izinhlelo zokubhala ngemiyalo

Kudinga ukukhonjwa kwemifanekiso ngumsebenzisi we-trajectories ukuthi kutholakale kumodeli ye-CAD. Ikhodi yokulawulwa kwamanani ikhiqizwa ngokuzenzakalela wuhlelo.

Izinhlelo zokwenziwa okuzenzakalelayo kwemigwaqo yamathuluzi

Umsebenzisi kufanele asungule ukuthi iziphi izikhala ezizokwakhiwa ngomshini, kanye namathuluzi azosetshenziswa. Uhlelo lwakha ama-trajectories nekhodi yokulawulwa kwezinombolo.

Izinhlelo zokulingisa zenqubo eyenziwe ngomshini

Izindlela zamathuluzi zenziwa ngesandla noma ngokuzenzakalela. Imiphumela etholakele ingabonakala ngokudweba ama-trajectories alandelwe noma ngokumelwa kwengxenye ngemuva kokulungiswa.

Izinhlelo zokuthola ukushayisana

Bayakwazi ukukhomba izinhlobo ezimbili zokuphazamiseka. Owokuqala phakathi kwethuluzi ekusekelweni kwalo nocezu oluzokwenziwa ngomshini, nolwesibili phakathi kwetafula, okufakiwe nezinye izinto zemvelo.

Isoftware yezentengiso

Kunezinye izindlela ezahlukahlukene zesoftware emakethe ezikhethekile ngamasu we-CAM, ngayinye enikeza ukuthuthuka kunangaphambili kwayo. Izinhlelo ezinkulu zifaka okulandelayo:

  • Umbono we-NC: Ngokuya ngohlelo lwethu lwe-CAD, lusivumela ukuthi sikhethe indlela yokusebenzisa imishini esiyithandayo. Izindlela zamathuluzi zenziwa ngokususelwa kumapharamitha wokusika acaciswe ngaphambilini.
  • UCatia: Naphezu kokuba yisoftware ekhethekile yeCAD, inamathuluzi e-CAM awusizo. Isici sayo esiyinhloko yisizukulwane se-trajectories ephelele.
  • I-NC Programmer: Ngokuya ngohlelo oludumile lwe-AUTOCAD, umsebenzisi kumele amake ukuqala nokuphela kwezindlela zamathuluzi kumdwebo we-CAD.
  • I-DEAS: Njengesoftware yaseCatia, wuhlelo lweCAD olunezinsiza zeCAM. Ivumela ukukhiqiza ama-trajectories aphelele futhi ikhombe ukushayisana.
  • I-Pro-Engineer: Inezici ezifanayo zesoftware ye-I-DEAS.
  • I-PowerMill: Isoftware ekhethekile ekukhiqizeni i-CAM, eqondiswe embonini ye-aerospace neyezimoto. Iyakwazi ukukhiqiza ubujamo obunzima kakhulu.
  • I-RhinoCAM: Uhlelo lwe-CAM olukwazi ukwenza imishini izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi nokuqina ngomsebenzi wokugwedla, wokugaya nowokumba.
  • I-SICUBE: Ekhethekile ekwenzeni ukusikeka kwe-CAM laser ngokukhiqiza i-trajectories ezenzakalelayo yemishini ye-3D.
  • I-SMIRT: Okuhloselwe ukuhlela amadizayini futhi kuyafa, okusetshenziselwa ngqo ukugxishwa kwezimoto.

I-CAD / CAM

It is a design-assisted computer and manufacturing technology, inhloso yayo enkulu ukuxhasa ukwakhiwa, ukwenziwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo, ukwenza ngcono ukunemba nokunciphisa isikhathi nezindleko zokukhiqiza. Lokhu kutholakala ngokuhlanganisa izinhlelo ezimbili ezibalulekile zekhompyutha, njenge-CAD ne-CAM.

Lolu hlobo lwamathuluzi e-CAD / CAM lisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza ezijwayelekile, kanye nasekwakhiweni kwezingxenye, isikhunta kanye neziboniso ezidinga ukucacisa okuphezulu nokunemba kobukhulu. Ngokwengeziwe, isetshenziselwa ukuhlaziywa kobunjiniyela, ukugqwayiza kwekhompyutha, ukulawulwa kwenqubo nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi, phakathi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi eziwusizo nezibalulekile.

Izigaba ze-CAD / CAM

Isinyathelo sokuqala esihlotshaniswa nalolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe ukudala ukumelwa okucacile kwengxenye noma umkhiqizo ngokusebenzisa isoftware ekhethekile yokumodela nokudweba. Kulesi sigaba kuyadingeka ukusungula imigqa, ama-arcs, ama-ellipses, imibuthano nezinye izinhlaka ezizokwakha ucezu.

Okulandelayo, kufakwa imingcele yokusika, efana ne-feedrate, ukujikeleza okujikelezayo, ukusika okusikiwe, phakathi kokunye, ukuze kuqhubeke nokulingiswa okwenziwe ngomshini kwengxenye.

Ekugcineni, ukulingisa kuhunyushelwa olimini lomshini wokulawula izinombolo wekhompyutha ukuthola uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo, oluzokwazi ukwenza ukwenziwa kwangempela kwengxenye noma umkhiqizo ngokulandela imiyalo ehleliwe.

Mayelana nalokhu, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi uhlelo lokulawulwa kwezinombolo ukuqoqwa kwamakhodi amaningi amele imiyalo yokunyakaza enikezwe umshini we-CNC, ukulawula imishini namathuluzi aguqula into eluhlaza ibe umkhiqizo ophelile.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziyinhloko zemishini yokulawula izinombolo, okulandelayo kungashiwo: iLathes, imishini yokugaya, imishini yokumba, imishini yokugaya, imishini yokugoqa, imishini, imishini yokushisela i-laser, imishini yokusika i-laser, imishini egoqwayo, izikhungo zemishini, njll.

Ngokuya ngemisebenzi ethile yalowo nalowo mshini, bayakwazi ukuqhuba ukuhamba kwenqola nokuhamba kwekhanda, ukulawula isivinini ngokuya kusengaphambili nokusika kwabo, benze ushintsho lwamathuluzi nezingxenye ezizokwenziwa ngomshini, ukugcoba nokupholisa, ukwenza imisebenzi yokulawula kahulumeni ngokuvamile, phakathi kwezinye izenzo eziningi ezihlobene.

Iziphetho

I-CAM iyithuluzi lesoftware elikhethekile ekwakhiweni kwezingxenye nezicucu eziqinile ngokusebenzisa imishini ezisebenzelayo, umsebenzi wayo omkhulu ukulawula inqubo yokukhiqiza ngokusebenzisa amakhompyutha, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yakho kokubili ukuphela komkhiqizo kanye inqubo yokukhiqiza ngokujwayelekile.

Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwasabalala ngemuva kokuvela kwamakhompyutha, kuqhubeka nentuthuko yayo kuze kube namuhla. Inezinhlobo ezimbili zesixhumi esibonakalayo, kuya ngohlobo lokuxhumeka olufinyelelwe yikhompyutha: isikhombimsebenzisi esiqondile nesixhumi esibonakalayo esingaqondile, futhi siqukethe izigaba ezine: ukuhlelwa kwenqubo, izingxenye zemishini, ukuhlolwa nomhlangano.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuya ngomsebenzi wabo, kunezinhlobo ezine zezinhlelo ze-CAM, ezihlobene ngokulandelana nemiyalo, ama-trajectories, ukumbumbuluzwa nokushayisana. Ngenxa yalokhu, inkambu yayo yesicelo ibanzi futhi ihlukahlukene.

Okokugcina, kungumphelelisi we-CAD / CAM eyenziwe ngosizo lokuklama nekhono lokukhiqiza. Yebo, kudinga imininingwane yejiyomethri enikezwe ithuluzi lokwakha le-CAD. Ukusebenza kwayo, isebenzisa enye yezinketho eziningi ezikhethekile zesoftware ezikhona, phakathi kwazo: ICatia, I-DEAS, RhinoCAM, njll.


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  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
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