Inkumbulo ye-EPROM: Incazelo nezimpawu

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I-EPROM: Uhlobo lwememori olungaguquguquki, oluhlelelekayo futhi olucasulayo.

Ufuna ukwazi yini inkumbulo ye-EPROM? Usendaweni efanele, ngoba lapha sizokufundisa konke odinga ukukwazi ngakho, kusuka encazelweni yayo kuya kuzici zayo nokuningi.

Inkumbulo ye-EPROM

Njengoba sazi, ukuze ikhompyutha isebenze kahle idinga izinhlobo eziningana zememori, kepha uyazi yini inkumbulo ye-EPROM? Qhubeka ufunda, ngoba kule ndatshana ethokozisayo futhi entsha sizokufundisa yonke imininingwane ngakho.

Iyini inkumbulo ye-EPROM?

Ngokomthetho, ukwazi yini inkumbulo ye-EPROM, kumele sazi ukuthi kuyisiqeshana seROM. Ngakho-ke, sinokuthi i-EPROM, isifinyezo se-Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, ayishintshi, iyahleleka futhi iyacimeka.

Uma ufuna ukwazi imininingwane eminingi mayelana nencazelo yememori ye-ROM, ngikumema ukuthi ufunde i-athikili ebizwa: Imemori ye-ROM: Incazelo, umsebenzi, izici nokuningi.

Ngokwengeziwe, inkumbulo ye-EPROM ihlelwe ngogesi, ngemuva kwalokho, imininingwane ingasulwa ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Okulandelayo, sizokhuluma ngezinye izici ezihlukanisa i-EPROM kwezinye izinhlobo zememori.

Izici

Njengoba sishilo esigabeni esedlule ku yini inkumbulo ye-EPROM, lolu hlobo lwememori aluguquguquki. Ngakho-ke, angagcina imininingwane egcinwe isikhathi eside; ngaphezu kwalokho, ivumela ukuthi ifundwe ngendlela engenamkhawulo.

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Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwememori lufundwa kuphela futhi luhlelwa kabusha ngogesi, okungukuthi, idatha igcinwa kuze kube yilapho imemori iphinde iqoshwa futhi. Mayelana nalokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi sisho ukuthi ukwenza kabusha izinhlelo akusho ukuthi sidinga ukukhipha inkumbulo ebhodini lesifunda.

Ngokwengeziwe, i-EPROM inamasayizi namakhono ahlukahlukene; ezisukela kuma-byte angama-256 ziye kuma-megabytes ayi-1. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imemori ye-ROM ifakwe ngaphakathi kwengxenye ye-quartz ebonakalayo, lapho ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kufinyelela khona ngesikhathi senqubo yokusula imininingwane.

Mayelana nendlela yokuxhuma amamojula kubhasi lohlelo, kuyasynchronous, okungukuthi, ayikho isignali yewashi elawula ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kwememori. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuxhumana kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isilawuli noma i-adapter yememori.

Ukuhlela

Phakathi kwezici ezisisiza ukuba siqonde yini inkumbulo ye-EPROM, kufanele sisho ukuthi lunjani uhlelo lwayo. Ngale ndlela, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi ukwenza lolu hlobo lwenqubo esiyidingayo, okokuqala, umqambi we-EPROM.

Okwesibili, sidinga uchungechunge lwezimpawu zikagesi ezinamandla wevolthi phakathi kwama-volts ayi-10 kuye kwangama-25. Kulokhu, la mapulse asetshenziswa kuphini okhethekile wememori ye-EPROM, isikhathi esilinganiselwe sama-millisecond angama-50.

Ngokufanayo, ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlelwa kwe-EPROM, sidinga ukusetha ikheli lolwazi. Futhi, kufanele sikhombe okufakiwe kwedatha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-EPROM iqukethe iqoqo lama-transistors asebenza njengamaseli wememori. Ngale ndlela, i-transistor ngayinye iguqula isimo lapho kusetshenziswa i-voltage kuyo phakathi nenqubo yohlelo.

Mayelana nalesi sici sokugcina, kufanele sicacise ukuthi isimo sokuqala salawa ma-transistor sicishiwe, sihambisana nesibonakaliso esinengqondo esilingana no-1. Kamuva, i-transistor iyavula futhi igcine inani elilinganayo elilingana no-0.

Ngokwengeziwe, kuyadingeka ukugqamisa ukuthi leli qiniso kungenzeka ngenxa yokuba khona kwesango elintantayo kulowo nalowo ma-transistors. Ngakho-ke, inkokhiso kagesi ihlala esangweni elishiwoyo isikhathi eside, ivumela okuqukethwe okurekhodiwe ukuthi kugcinwe unomphela kwimemori ye-EPROM.

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Ukusebenza

Isici esiyinhloko okufanele sisho ngokusebenza kwememori ye-EPROM, ukuthi iqala kuphela lapho sikubhalile okuqukethwe ngaphakathi kwayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukufaka iyunithi ngaphakathi kohlelo, lapho lizohlala lisebenza njengethuluzi lokufunda akukho okunye.

Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokufaka inkumbulo ye-EPROM ukusebenza, kuyadingeka ukushintsha isimo sokuqala samaseli wolwazi. Ngamanye amagama, kufanele sisebenzise i-voltage kuwo wonke umzila we-transistor ezintweni ze-semiconductor, ukuze senze isango eliphezulu lithole inkokhelo engemihle.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu esishilo ngenhla, kufanele sicacise ukuthi kungenzeka ukukhipha imemori ye-EPROM yebhodi lesifunda lapho lifakwe khona, futhi futhi singakushintsha okuqukethwe kwayo uma sikudinga. Eqinisweni, uma kunjalo, inqubo iqondile, njengoba kuxoxwe ngezansi.

Utility

Ukuqala ngeqiniso lokuthi i-EPROM iyisiqeshana sememori ye-ROM, sinokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko ukwenza i-boot yekhompyutha. Kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakusebenza ezidingekayo zokulayishwa kohlelo lokusebenza nokusebenza kwezingxenye zomngcele.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kakhulu kwalolu hlobo lwememori kwenzeka kumasistimu alawulwa nge-micro noma acubungulwe amancane. Ngale ndlela, i-EPROM iba yindawo lapho kungagcinwa khona imininingwane ngendlela engapheli, efana: nezinhlelo zokusebenza, izinhlelo zekhompyutha, izilimi ezihlelayo kanye nemikhuba.

Ngokwengeziwe, ngikumema ukuthi ubuke le vidiyo elandelayo, lapho uzothola khona imininingwane ngokufaka isicelo sokubhala nokubhala inkumbulo ye-EPROM emkhakheni wezimoto.

Mayelana nalokhu, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi okuqukethwe esikubhekisa kukho kuqukethe uchungechunge lwamabhithi wedatha agcinwe kumaseli wolwazi. Ngakho-ke, lawa maseli aqukethe ama-transistors weshaji kagesi; ethululwa esitolo esidayisa ifektri.

Kususiwe

Ngokuphathelene nokusulwa kwememori ye-EPROM, into yokuqala okufanele ishiwo ukuthi ayinakwenziwa ngokwengxenye. Okusho ukuthi, lapho sesisithathile isinqumo, kufanele siqhubeke nokusula konke okuqukethwe okugcinwe kwimemori eshiwo.

Ukuze senze lokhu, sisusa imemori ye-EPROM kusuka ohlelweni bese sisula okuqukethwe kweseli ngalinye ngokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Ngendlela, ingena ngewindi lememori le-quartz ize ifike endaweni lapho kutholakala khona izinto ezithwetshulwayo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela isuse inkokhiso egcina i-transistor ivuliwe.

Mayelana nalokhu, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi inqubo echazwe ngenhla idala ukuthi i-transistor icime, futhi inani layo elinengqondo liyashintsha lisuke ku-0 liye ku-1. yonke le nqubo ingathatha phakathi kwemizuzu eyi-2537 nengama-10, kuya ngomthamo wememori.

Ekugcineni, ngemuva kokususa imininingwane nezinhlelo zayo ezintsha, siyakwazi ukubuyisela inkumbulo ye-EPROM endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni noma siyisebenzise kolunye uhlelo lokusebenza oludingayo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kusukela lapho le nkumbulo isebenza kuphela njengeyunithi yokufunda kuphela.

Mayelana nalokhu, kuvidiyo elandelayo ungabona ukuthi ungayirekhoda kanjani imemori ye-EPROM, ngemuva kokusula okuqukethwe kwayo.

Izinhlobonhlobo

Kusukela kuzalwa izinkumbulo ze-EPROM, ukwakheka kwawo kuye kwavela. Ngakho-ke, njengamanje, okuvame kakhulu ukuthola amadivayisi anamaseli wokugcina amancane, ama-byte awo angalungiswa ngawodwana.

Mayelana nalokhu, ukusatshalaliswa kwalawa maseli amancane kuthatha amagama ahlukile, kuya ngemodeli imemori engaphansi kwayo yomndeni we-EPROM wochungechunge lwama-2700. Ngale ndlela, sinamalungiselelo angaphakathi angakhonjwa njengo-2K x 8 no-8K x 8.

Ngokuphathelene nokugcina, ngokwesibonelo, singasho ukuthi inhlangano yangaphakathi yamabhulokhi ihambelana ne-EPROM yemodeli 2764. Ngale ndlela, i-matrix eyakha amaseli wesitoreji ayibaleki umqondo ohambisana nokwenziwa kwamakhodi nokukhethwa, phakathi kokunye .

Ngokwengeziwe, le modeli yememori ye-EPROM inesakhiwo esijwayelekile sokugcina, esine-pin-28 encapsulation. Mayelana nalokhu, lolu hlobo lwephakeji lwaziwa nje nge-DIP, isifinyezo se-Dual In-line Package, futhi lungaphezu kwakho konke uhlobo lohlelo olubizwa nge-JEDEC-28.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lokukhumbula lwe-EPROM, ikakhulukazi maqondana nezinga lamandla kagesi asetshenzisiwe. Ngakho-ke, singathola amamodeli asebenza ngama-volts we-12,5 volts (v), 13v, 21v no-25v.

Mayelana nalokhu, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi konke kuncike kumkhiqizi nakwezinye izici ezihambisana nedivayisi ngayinye yememori ye-EPROM etholakala emakethe. Ngokunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthola izitayela ezahlukahlukene zokurekhodwa kwedatha, lapho ubude besikhathi somfutho kagesi namazinga okuqonda ahlobene nezitayela zokusebenza.

Izinzuzo nokungalungi

Inzuzo yokuqala ongayisho ngememori ye-EPROM yikhono lokuyisebenzisa kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuze senze lokhu, kufanele siqiniseke njalo ukuthi sisula okuqukethwe futhi siqopha okusha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkumbulo ye-EPROM imele inqubekela phambili ebalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe, ngoba isivumela ukuthi siguqule noma silungise imininingwane ebhalwe ngaphakathi kuyo. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwememori lunezinkinga ezithile, phakathi kwazo esingabala okulandelayo:

Inqubo yokuqoshwa kokuqukethwe idinga ngokuphelele idivayisi ekhethekile, ebizwa ngokuthi i-EPROM programmer. Ngendlela efanayo, lapho sifuna ukusula imininingwane, sibhekana nenqubo ehamba kancane, ende futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba phakathi kwezinye izinto kufanele sikhiphe inkumbulo ebhodini lesifunda.

Ekugcineni, inqubo yokususa okuqukethwe ayivumeli ukushintsha izingcezu ngawodwana, kunalokho, kufanele sisuse lonke ibhulokhi lemininingwane. Kodwa-ke, ekuphenduleni le nkinga, kwavela izinkumbulo ze-EEPROM.

I-emulator yememori ye-EPROM

Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe esingayijabulela namuhla, isiholele ekukhulumeni ngokuba khona kwama-emulator e-EPROM. Ngendlela yokuthi kuyadingeka ukusungula kokubili incazelo nokusebenza kokufanayo.

Ngokweqiniso, i-EPROM memory emulator iyidivayisi eyenzelwe ukusebenzisana nokwakhiwa kwamasekhethi we-microcontroller noma ama-microprocessors, kanye nohlelo lokuqapha. Ngale ndlela, i-emulator yalolu hlobo ithatha isimo sememori ye-RAM enamachweba amabili, elinye lawo eligcina izici zesikhombimsebenzisi se-EPROM kanti elinye lisebenza njengesiteshi sokuhambisa ukugeleza kwedatha kumemori ye-RAM eshiwo.

Mayelana nalokhu, singasho idivaysi eyenziwe yinkampani i-AMD, equkethe imemori ye-Flash EPROM. Ngokwengeziwe, sinamandla okuhlela amandla we-volts ama-5 futhi ivumela imemori ukuthi yenziwe kabusha kuze kube cishe izikhathi eziyi-100000.

Ngokufanayo, le divayisi iyakwazi ukusebenza njenge-emulator enamandla amakhulu okugcina futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, njengohlelo lwezinkumbulo zeFlash EPROM. Ngakho-ke, lapho iyunithi seyifeze umsebenzi wayo wokuhlela, singakhipha ikhodi yokugcina kusuka ku-emulator bese siyifaka ebhodini lesifunda, ngemuva kwalokho lapho kuthiwa idivaysi izoqhubeka nokuziphatha njengenkumbulo ye-EPROM.

Umehluko phakathi kwememori ye-EPROM nememori ye-Flash EPROM

Okokuqala, njengoba sesishilo nje, inkumbulo yeFlash EPROM iyakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ombaxambili, okungukuthi, ngaphezu kokuziphatha njenge-EPROM ejwayelekile, inokufakwa kokubhala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inqubo yokurekhoda nokusula idatha kwimemori entsha ye-Flash ikhiqizwa ngokuhlukile, ngenkathi kuma-EPROMs ejwayelekile izinqubo ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele futhi ezihlukene.

Mayelana nalokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi sisho ukuthi umenzi wezinkumbulo ze-EPROM Flash uthathe izixwayiso zokwakha ezidingekayo, ngendlela yokuthi kungenzeki ukuthi sisule ngephutha eminye imininingwane ebalulekile. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwememori lunemiyalo ethile enqunyelwe kusengaphambili lapho kusulwa khona idatha nemisebenzi yohlelo.

Mayelana nalesi sici sokugcina, ngaphakathi kwemiyalo emikhulu singasho okulandelayo: Ukufunda, Ukusetha kabusha, Ukuzikhethela, i-Byte, i-Delete chip ne-Delete sector. Ngokwabo, ababili bokuqala banesibopho sokulungiselela imemori yenqubo elandelayo yokufunda, ngenkathi umyalo obizwa ngokuthi "Ukuzikhethela" ubhekele ukukhomba ikhodi yomkhiqizi kanye nohlobo lwedivayisi.

Ngokwengeziwe, umyalo we-Byte usetshenziselwa ukufaka uhlelo olusha kwimemori ye-EPROM, ngenkathi i- "Delete chip" isetshenziswa ngqo ukuqala inqubo yokususa idatha. Ekugcineni, ngomyalo othi «Susa» umkhakha singakususa ngakunye okuqukethwe okurekhodwe kwezinye izifunda zememori.

Amaqiniso ajabulisayo

Ukuzalwa kwememori ye-EPROM kungenxa yesidingo sokuxazulula inkinga yohlelo ekhona kowandulelayo, inkumbulo ye-PROM. Ngakho-ke, i-EPROM ivumela ukulungisa noma yiliphi iphutha elingavela kule nqubo.

Imemori ye-EPROM inewindi le-quartz elisobala, elivumela ukufinyelela kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ngesikhathi sokusulwa kokuqukethwe. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, leli windi kufanele lihlale livaliwe ukuvimbela imiphumela yokukhanya kwemvelo ekususeni ulwazi oluqukethwe ku-EPROM.

Kodwa-ke, yize sithatha izixwayiso ezinkulu ukuze ulwazi olusememori ye-EPROM lungasulwa, iqiniso ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi luguqulwe ngokungenathemba. Ngenhlanhla, lokhu akwenzeki kuze kube semuva kwamashumi eminyaka okusetshenziswa kwememori.

Isifingqo

Ukuqonda kangcono yini inkumbulo ye-EPROM, esinye sezici zokuqala okufanele sizicabangele ukuthi luhlobo lwenkumbulo engashintshi, ehlelwayo necimekayo. Ngale ndlela, i-EPROM ithathwa njengelusizo kakhulu kune-memory PROM.

Izici nokusebenza

Ngokwengeziwe, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lolu hlobo lwenkumbulo luyaphinda lusebenze; ngendlela yokuthi sikwazi ukusula okuqukethwe kwayo siphinde siqophe kabusha noma sihlele okusha. Mayelana nalokhu, lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, okudlula ngefasitela le-quartz elisobala elisengxenyeni engenhla yohlelo lwememori olwaziwa nge-ROM.

Ngokuphathelene nalesi sici sokugcina, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi uma sesisule okuqukethwe yimemori ye-EPROM futhi sakuhlela kabusha, sikulungele ukusetshenziswa futhi. Noma kunjalo, izosebenza kuphela njengememori yokufunda kuphela; kungaba endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni noma kolunye uhlelo lapho kudingeka khona.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinememori ye-EPROM ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-PROM, ngendlela efanayo ne-EEPROM eyeqa eyayo. Ikakhulu maqondana nekhono lokusula inkumbulo, kufaka phakathi nezinhlelo ze-BIOS.

Ukusula inkumbulo

Ngokwengeziwe, kufanele sisho ukuthi inqubo yokusula imininingwane nokwenza kabusha imemori ye-EPROM ihamba kancane futhi iyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi, kudinga ukukhipha inkumbulo yebhodi lesifunda ukuze ikwazi ukuguqula okuqukethwe kuyo; Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayikuvumeli ukuqedwa kwayo okuyingxenye.

Isiphetho

Ngamafuphi, ukuphendula umbuzo wethu mayelana yini inkumbulo ye-EPROM, kungcono ukucabanga ukuthi kuyimemori yokufunda ehlelayo necasekayo. Ngale ndlela, sinokuthi isici sayo esiyinhloko ukuthi okuqukethwe kwayo kungasuswa ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, ngemuva kwalokho singaphinde sikuhlele ngokusebenzisa amandla kagesi.


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