Uyazi ukuthi yini i- imindeni yamafonti? Esihlokweni esilandelayo sizokunikeza imininingwane eningiliziwe ngakho konke odinga ukukwazi ngalokhu.Ungaphuthelwa yileli thuba!
Imindeni yeTypographic
Lokhu kuyinto eyisisekelo ekwakhiweni, i-typography inamandla amakhulu njengombala, ingathumela imiyalezo ehlukile ngokushintsha uhlobo lwefonti, kungaba yiyo eyenza umongo ubonakale uhlukile futhi inikeze umfundi imizwa eminingi.
Ngama-alfabhethi singabona ngokubambisana ukusetshenziswa kolimi, yingakho imindeni yamafonti ibhekwa njengebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wokudweba imidwebo. Njengoba izimpawu ze-alfabhethi zinezici ezivelele, lokhu kuye kwasiza umuntu ukuba akhulume futhi ikakhulu lapho ubuchwepheshe sebuthuthukile.
Imindeni ye-typographic akuzona nje izinhlamvu ezinobukhulu obuhlukile nobubunjwa, lezo zici ezihlukile kulowo nalowo zisisiza ukuba siqonde umyalezo weqiniso abafuna ukuwunikeza, isibonelo esisobala kakhulu lapho sicabanga ngohlobo "lwamahlaya" olusikhombisa ubumnandi futhi ngokudlala noma lapho sibheka i- "ALGERIAN", kufika isikhathi eNkathini Ephakathi.
Umlando we-typography
Ukugxila kakhudlwana esihlokweni semindeni yohlobo lohlobo, sizoqala ngokubukeza okufushane komlando okuzosinika ukuthi kungani i-typeface ibaluleke kangaka; Lokhu kubuyela emuva esikhathini lapho ikhono lokwenza iphepha lafinyelelwa, okwatholakala phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX lapho uJohannes Gutenberg enza umshini "wohlobo", owawenzelwe ukunyathelisa izinhlamvu.
Le ndlela yanikeza ukuqala kokuphrintwa kweBhayibheli elinemigqa engama-42 okwaqhubeka isigamu sekhulu leminyaka, ukwakhiwa kukaJohannes kwaba nomthelela omkhulu futhi indlela yakhe eyaziwa ngokuthi "indlela kaGutenberg" yaziwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Le ndlela yafika e-Italy lapho yathola khona amandla ngokushesha futhi umshini wokuqala omkhulu wokuphrinta wesikhathi wasungulwa lapho. Kulapha lapho kwasetshenziswa uhlobo oluhambisekayo oluphefumulelwe i-humanist ne-Carolingian calligraphy, okwazala lokho esikwaziyo njenge-typography yaseRoma.
Lokhu kukhuthaze ukuqala kokwakhiwa kokuzijwayeza okusha ekudluliseni kwesikhathi nesikhathi sezimboni, izinhlobo zadlula emagameni amakhulu afana nalawa: Aldo Manuzio, onzima womshini wokuphrinta wase-Aldina eVenice, futhi kanjalo nokuzalwa komalukeke wokuqala we izinhlelo zabo kanye noClaude Garamond, ophethe uhlobo lokubhala olunegama lakhe.
Ngekhulu le-XNUMX leminyaka okunye okusha okubalulekile emhlabeni we-typography kwavela kuWilliam Caslon futhi kwakuyizinhlamvu zohlobo lweSans Serif. Bebengabonakali isikhathi eside ngenxa yobulula babo kodwa kancane kancane bafika indlela yabo kuze kube yilolu suku.
Ukuqhuma okuphawuleka kakhulu yilokho kwe-Appel Macintosh, lolu hlelo lokusebenza lwavumela abasebenzisi balo amafonti ahlukene ukuthi balusebenzise, lwamnika ithuba lokukhetha ebanzi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, amakhompyutha akhuthaza abaklami ukuthi bafune amafonti amaningi nomsebenzi wakhe. I-Digital Revolution yaletha ukuthayipha kwezinga eliphezulu.
Uma ufuna ukuthola imininingwane ebanzi kakhulu ngemindeni yohlobo lohlobo, sikumema ukuthi ubuke ividiyo engezansi, ngale ndlela, noma imiphi eminye imibuzo izocaciswa:
Izingxenye zencwadi
Igama elithi "Incwadi" linomsuka walo esiLatini, lisetshenziselwa ukukhomba izimpawu ezisetshenziswe olimini olubhalwayo, ngokufana nalo emindenini ebhalwe ngokuthayipha esuka eLatin naseGrikhi ebhekise esicini sobuhle esichaza izinhlamvu. Izinhlamvu ziqukethe izingxenye ezahlukahlukene ezingukhiye wokukwazi ukucacisa umehluko kuzo.
Ukuphakama
Ukwehlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane. Ezinhlamvwini ezinkulu, ubukhulu busuka kusisekelo sezinhlamvu kuye engxenyeni engenhla yaso, ngaleyo ndlela kwakheke osonhlamvukazi, futhi kuthathwe ukuphakama kuka- "x" njengesethenjwa, izinhlamvu ezincane ziyalinganiswa ngaphandle kokucatshangelwa izimpondo ezinyukayo nezikhuphukayo.
Indali
Yikho okuphawula ukwakheka kwencwadi, kuyisici esiyinhloko nesibazeka kakhulu iso lenyama, kukhona izintelezi ezikhuphukayo nezisehlayo ezinwebela ngenhla nangaphansi kwe- "height x" ngokulandelana, uprights being oblique or vertical seen as the Main lines , umgogodla noma i-wavy enikeza ukubonakala kokugoqeka kwezinye izinhlamvu, ibha noma ukuwela kugxile kokuvundlile.
Indandatho
Lokho okuzungeze isikhala esingenalutho ngaphakathi kwezinhlamvu, okubizwa nangokuthi amajika avaliwe. Ngaphakathi kwazo ungabona "okumhlophe kwangaphakathi" kube enye ingxenye yezinhlamvu, okuthi ngaphezu kokuba ngaphakathi kwendandatho nakho kuqukethe izinti zamehlo.
Inkinobho
Kwenziwe isandiso esingezansi, esigobile futhi esivaliwe, esibizwa nangokuthi iluphu, uma sivulekile kubhekwa "njengomsila", okubonakala njengezinsimbi ezilenga oblique noma ezigobile ngokuvamile ezinwebeka ngaphansi kwezinhlamvu, ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona ukuqagela okuncane kakhulu okuthathwa njenge "base ”.
Ingalo
Kubonakala njengokuqagela okungaphezulu okuvundlile noma okuqonde phezulu okungekho ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yezinhlamvu. Umkhawulo unikezwa enye ingxenye ebalulekile eyaziwa ngokuthi "umzimba", ngoba ichaza ubukhulu bencwadi ejwayelekile ekuphrintweni okufanayo.
Indali
Kakhulu ubuhle, kuyingxenye yemikhawulo noma ukuphela kwengalo, umsila noma isigxobo, akudingekile ukuhlukanisa incwadi, ngakho-ke akuwona wonke amagama anabo. Ngokungafani "nama-vertices", okuyimpambana yomugqa, ukuthola iphuzu langaphandle langaphandle.
ICartouche
Le ngxenye yencwadi, kanye no-vertex, iphakathi nendawo, ebuye isebenze ukujoyina isigxobo nokuqedwa, ekubeni ulayini oqondile noma ogobile. Kanye nenye ingxenye yesiginali engangezwa eringini noma ezinye izimpondo "yindlebe".
Ukuthambekela
Ingxenye eyisisekelo yokubhalwa kombhalo ngokujwayelekile, inikezwa ngezinga lokuthambekela kwe-engeli elithathwa njengereferensi ye-axis kunhlamvu ngayinye, imvamisa imile mpo. Kusekelwa njalo "kusisekelo", ngoba bachaza ubude.
Ihlukaniswa kanjani imindeni yamafonti?
Angamaqoqo ezakhiwo zabalingiswa anezici zemihlobiso ezifanayo. Le mindeni ibhekwa njengemindeni yize ifana, eminye inokuhluka okutusekayo kuneminye. Igama elijwayelekile lale mindeni "amafonti" odabuka eFrance.
Ngenxa yomshini wokuphrinta futhi kamuva ekwakhiweni kwekhompyutha, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezavela lapho imithombo yamanje isuselwa khona. Kuyafaneleka ukulinganisela okusha nokwakha okwenziwe emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, ukuze kugcinwe le mindeni ye-typographic namuhla.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwale mindeni noma imithombo kunikezwa ngezici eziqoqiwe esingazihlanganisa ngayo, ngoba kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuzihlanganisa, izinyathelo ezivame ukucatshangelwa imvelaphi yazo, isikhathi esinaso, noma ukwazisa ngobuhle. Ukugqamisa ukubaluleka kohlobo lwohlobo ngalunye lokukhiqiza imizwa ngaphakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswa ngabaqambi.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-ATypI
Ukuguqula ukusetshenziswa kokuguquguqukayo komlando, kube yimindeni yakwaHumana, Garalda, Real kanye neDidona njenge "izinhlobo zezwe", njenge "age yanamuhla" imindeni yeFutura, yaseGibhithe neyamaMecano, eyokugcina ekhona ngekhulu le-XNUMX, futhi iphetha nge "XNUMXth century ”Imindeni ye-Traditional ne-Incisa, njengoba kukhonjisiwe yayikhona ngekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-ATypI, okwenziwe okufana negama elithi DIN 16518, ukuqoqwa ngezici ezifanayo kwenza ukuhlukaniswa kube yi: "Roman" kufaka i-Ancient, Transition, Modern, Meccane ne-Incised, "Dry stick" Linear in modulation and Grotesque, " I-Letired "Calligraphic, i-Informal Gothic ne-Italic, futhi ekugcineni i-Fantasy ne-Epoch" Yokuhlobisa ".
IsiRoma
Imithombo enesitayela esikhona ngekhulu le-XNUMX, lapho kubonwa khona imigqa namajika ekuphikisweni, ngoba kwakuwumbhalo oqoshiwe ngesandla, ukuphela kwakudingeka kuhambisane nama-engeli angabunjwa ngamatshe, ukubhala kube kuhlelekile futhi ngokulingana. Ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ayisihlanu ayisiqalo:
- I-Antigua noma i-Garaldas: Ziyimithombo yendabuko yaseFrance, eyakhiwe ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa, nge-shaft nangaphezulu kube yimiphetho ekhonjwe kancane, yonke ivelele ngemigqa yobukhulu obuhlukile. Lawa mafonti afaka iGaramond, Century Oldstyle, neTimes New Roman.
- Wenguquko: ukuveza njengoba igama layo likhombisa ushintsho olusuka kwizitayela zaseRoma zasendulo laya ezitayeleni zesimanje zamaRoma, luvela phakathi kwekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa neshumi nesishiyagalombili, lunikeza ukuvumelana ngezimpondo neziphetho ezingasekho onxantathu, njengoba izibonelo kuyimithombo yaseCaledonia naseBaskerville.
- Okwesimanje: Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi amasha wokuphrinta athuthukiswe ngekhulu le-20, ngenxa kaDidot owadalile, isitayela esicwengeke kakhudlwana sivumela ukubongwa kwalawa mafonti ezigabeni zombhalo eziqhubekayo, njengesibonelo sine-Firmin Didot ne-Modern N ° XNUMX.
- I-Meccano: Njengoba iqoqwe ngenxa yezisekelo ezitholakala kulo mthombo, ayinakho ukushintshashintsha kwezwi nokuqhathanisa njengabanye emndenini wayo, ngakho-ke ingabhekwa ngecala elithile, izibonelo ezivelele njengeStymie neLubalin.
- Okuvelayo: Ifana nefonti ethi "Mecano", lawa yiqembu elihlukile kunamanye amaRoma, okuyisici esiyinhloko ukusetshenziswa komugqa wokufunda ongacatshangelwa, ngoba izimpondo zalo zingubukhulu obucekeceke, ngisho zibuka iso lenyama futhi zingenamininingwane. imithombo "Palo seco", phakathi kwemithombo yayo kukhona iBaltra ne-Alinea.
Induku eyomile
Njengoba kunomehluko phakathi kwezinhlamvu ezinkulu zamaGrikhi nezaseFenike, ngakolunye uhlangothi ubumbano, oluqondile nolubumbene lwezinhlamvu ezincane, ukubona ngeso lengqondo ingqikithi yenkathi yezimboni eyadalelwa kuyo, ihlukaniswe yaba:
- Ukulingana ngaphandle kokushintshashintsha kwezwi: ukufana, i-geometric kusayizi nesitayela sohlangothi, inezinhlobo eziningi zamafonti asuselwe, akuvamile ukwaziswa kahle ekubhaleni imibhalo, njenge-Futura, Helvetica ne-Avant Garde.
- Okumangazayo: ngokungafani neyangaphambilini uma yaziswa kahle ekusebenzeni kombhalo, okuhambelana kakhulu yiGill Sans.
Kunelebula
Ukuhlobisa kwesitayela sokuhlanganisa kukhombisa ukuqoshwa kwababhali abaklama. Amaqembu ayo amathathu ayisihluthulelo: "I-Calligraphic" esuselwa ezandleni zabalobi bayo njenge-American Uncial ne-Bible Seript Flourishes, i- "Gothic" strokes stripes futhi kaningi ayifundeki kalula kunamanye afana ne-Wedding Text ne-Fraktur, "Cursive" ene-formal formal , isitayela esidumile eminyakeni eyishumi yama-3's kanye neyama-50 egqamisa iFreestyle script neKauffman.
Okuhlobisa
Angamacala akhethekile hhayi okusetshenziswa njalo kepha, ngokuba izinhlamvu ze- "Fantasy" ngaphandle kokufundeka okuningi, nokubukeka kwangenkathi ephakathi, isibonelo sazo nguShatter noCroissant, ngakolunye uhlangothi i- "Epoca" imaka isitayela semfashini esilula, esibonakalayo ngokwesikhangiso , amafonti asetshenziswe kakhulu yiPeignot, iGallia neBroadway.
/ Ungawakha kanjani amafonti ngekhasi lewebhu?
Kunamakhasi e-web ahlukile lapho singabeka khona konke ukusungula kwethu futhi senze amafonti ethu, lawa ngamathuluzi awusizo impela uma sizama ukuthola umphumela othize.
Elinye lamathuluzi athandwa kakhulu akhona okwakha amafonti ahlukene emindenini ye-typographic kuwebhu libizwa nge-MyScriptFont, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungaba lula futhi kusebenze kahle kangakanani, udinga kuphela ukulungisa izinto mayelana nefonti, kepha konke okusele kwe umsebenzi uzokwenziwa ngohlelo lokusebenza. Okulandelayo, sizochaza kafushane ngezinyathelo okuzodingeka uzenze:
- Isinyathelo se-1: Sizoqala ngokulanda isifanekiso esizosetshenziselwa ukubhala ifonti entsha. Isithombe sizoba ku-PNG noma i-PDF.
- Isinyathelo se-2: Ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza, i-MyScriptFont, kufanele ubheke ifayili engxenyeni ethi "Khetha Ifayela". Uma kwenzeka ilayishwe ngqo efwini, ungavele ungeze i-URL.
- Isinyathelo se-3: Faka igama lefonti ofuna ukuyenza futhi yilokho kuphela. Lapho uyifaka kukhompyutha yakho, kufanele uchofoze kabili kufayela olenzile futhi uma selivuliwe, chofoza ku- "Faka".
/ Ungawakha kanjani amafonti ku-Adobe Illustrator?
Ngaphambi kokuqala le nqubo, kufanele uqale ulande futhi ufake uhlelo lwe- "Adobe Illustrator" kwikhompyutha yakho, ungaluthola kalula kuGoogle, nokuthi ukhululeke. I-Photoshop noma i-Font Forge nayo ingaba wusizo kuwe, kepha kule ncazelo, sizogxila ku-Illustrator kuphela.
Sizoqala ngokwenza uhlobo lwe-typography esifuna ukuyenza ephepheni (iphepha lomzimba), bese silidlulisela kukhompyutha. Le nqubo izokujabulisa, ngoba ungakha ifonti oyifunayo ngendlela oyifunayo, ngemuva kokuqeda lokhu, skena ishidi bese uliguqula libe isithombe kukhompyutha yakho; Okulandelayo, sizochaza ngokuningiliziwe okufanele ukwenze:
- Isinyathelo se-1: Qala uhlelo bese uma usungaphakathi, vula isithombe sefonti oyidale ekuqaleni. Sincoma ukuthi usondeze isithombe ukuze ukwazi ukusazisa kangcono.
- Isinyathelo se-2: Ngakwesokunxele kohlelo lokusebenza, uzobona amathuluzi bese ukhetha eyodwa oyidingayo kulo msebenzi, ipeni. Sincoma ukusebenzisa umbala oqinile obomvu ukudlula kolayini bezinhlamvu.
- Isinyathelo se-3: Ukubukeza ukuthayipha kulula, kufanele uchofoze emaphethelweni ezinhlamvu (ngayinye ngayinye). Uzobona ukuthi kuzokwakhiwa kanjani izinhlamvu, imigqa ezodlula wena; Ngakwesobunxele, uzobona amanye amathuluzi azosiza lo msebenzi, njenge, isibonelo: Lowo ozokwakha ubujamo, njengemibuthano, ukubuyekeza izinhlamvu eziyindilinga ngokushesha.
- Isinyathelo se-4: Manje kufanele uye enjini yakho yokusesha yakwaGoogle ukusesha nokufaka ikhasi: Calligraphr.com, lapha ungathola izifanekiso ozidingayo zokwenza i-typography yakho mahhala. Inqubo ekuwebhusayithi ilula, kufanele nje uye lapho ithi "Qalisa mahhala" bese ubhalisa; Uma usukwenzile, landa isifanekiso se-PDF, okufanele usivule ku-Adobe Illustrator ukuze uqhubeke ngesinyathelo esilandelayo.
- Isinyathelo se-5: Uma sekuvuliwe, uzokwazisa ukuthi kunamabhokisi amaningana lapho ungangeza ngakunye, izinhlamvu ozibuyekezile ngaphambilini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, qala uvule ifayela ebelibukeze izinhlamvu, ukuze nivule nobabili: ithempulethi nezinhlamvu.
- Isinyathelo se-6: Okokuqala khetha izinhlamvu, bese ngasikhathi sinye cindezela okhiye be-Ctrl no-C (lokhu kungokukopisha) bese ukunamathisela kusifanekiso ngokucindezela okhiye be-Ctrl no-V (lokhu kwenzelwa ukunamathisela). Uyabona ukuthi avela amakhulu kakhulu, kepha mane unciphise usayizi wawo ukuqala ukukopisha uhlamvu ngalunye emabhokisini.
- Isinyathelo se-7: Uma usuqedile, gcina isifanekiso esinezinhlamvu, kepha kufanele ukwenze njengefayela le-PDF.
Ukuqedela, iya ekhasini le-web elishiwo ngenhla bese ulayisha ifayela, ngemuva kwalokho, chofoza ku- "Qalisa umthombo". Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele uchofoze ku- "Landa ifonti", ngalokhu, usunayo ifonti yakho yangokwezifiso entsha, ongayengeza ku-Word noma kuhlelo lokuklama.
Indlela elula yokwengeza le fonti kwikhompyutha yakho ukuya kufolda ethi "Amafonti" ku-Windows bese unamathisela ifayela le-PDF olidalile.
Uma uyithandile i-athikili emindenini ye-typographic futhi unentshisekelo yokufunda enye, sikumema ukuthi uvakashele okulandelayo: I-Polymorphism ezinhlelweni ezigxile entweni.