Indlela Yokuxazulula Izinkinga kaBruno Munari

bruno-munari-1-indlela

UBruno Munari: Umculi wase-Italiya kanye nomdwebi wemidwebo, ukubonakaliswa okuphelele kwesikhathi esizayo nokukholwa okuthembekile kwezobuciko nakwezobuchwepheshe.

Kulesi sihloko uzofunda konke okuphathelene Indlela kaBruno Munari ukuxazulula izinkinga. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, wayengumculi ovelele nomklami wezithombe, uma kukhulunywa ngobuciko namasu; njalo wayehlala phambili kwikusasa.

Indlela kaBruno Munari

Ngokomgomo, kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi Indlela kaBruno Munari ingenye yezinto eziningi mayelana nokuklama nokuxazulula izinkinga. Ngendlela yokuthi into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukuthi usho kuqala imiqondo eyisisekelo ehlobene naleyo ndaba, bese ubheka indlela esisebenza ngayo namuhla.

Izisekelo ezihlobene

Ngokulandelayo sizokhipha imiqondo emithathu eyisisekelo yokuqondwa kwe- Indlela kaBruno Munari nokuxazulula izinkinga. Lezi izi:

Umklamo

Ngokuvamile, umqondo wedizayini uhlotshaniswa nobuciko, ngoba kungaso lapho sithola khona isixazululo sanoma iyiphi inkinga. Ngakho-ke, itholakala cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo empilweni yethu, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezimboni, wezokukhangisa, wezokwakha nowezokuxhumana, phakathi kokunye.

Kodwa-ke, incazelo esemthethweni yokuklanywa isitshela ukuthi le yinqubo lapho sithola khona ukulungiswa kwengqondo ngokwenkinga ethile okufanele ixazululwe. Ngendlela efanayo, ifaka ukutadisha kobunye ubukhulu, njengokuthi: ukusebenza, ukusebenza, impilo yokusebenziseka nokuxhumana kwento nomsebenzisi.

Ngokwengeziwe, idizayini isebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene, njenge: imidwebo, imidwebo, imidwebo, phakathi kokunye, lapho ibonisa khona ukucushwa kwangaphambilini okushiwo. Ekugcineni, ukwakheka kufana nokudalwa, ukuqamba kanye nentuthuko.

bruno-munari-2-indlela

Mayelana nalokhu, ngikumema ukuba ufunde indatshana yethu ebizwa ngokuthi: Isingeniso kumklamo wezithombe Isici sempilo!, Ngoba kuyo uzothola kusuka kumqondo wayo, ekusebenzeni kwayo nokunye okuningi.

Indlela yokusebenzisa

Ngokwengxenye yayo, indlela yokusebenza isho isethi yezindlela namasu, asetshenziswa ngendlela ehlelekile ukuphendula isitatimende senkinga. Ngokufanayo, singasho ukuthi indlela yokusebenza ihambelana nokusekelwa komqondo esichaza ngayo indlela esisebenzisa ngayo izinqubo ezithile.

Ekugcineni, ngenxa yezinkinga ezijwayelekile, kujwayelekile ukuzwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zendlela. Phakathi kwabo, okulandelayo kugqama: ucwaningo, indlela yokufunda, indlela yezomthetho neyokuklama, phakathi kokunye.

Indlela

Mayelana nendlela, singasho ukuthi lena yindlela noma indlela esizibusa ngayo ukufeza inhloso ehlongozwayo, kufaka phakathi ukuxazululwa kwenkinga. Ngokwengeziwe, sinendlela yokuthi le ndlela ihlelekile, ihlelekile futhi ihlelekile, ephendula emibonweni ethile esivele siyicabangile mayelana nombono esinawo ngento esiyiqaphelayo.

I-Metodology yomklamo

Ngokuvamile, indlela yokuklama iyithuluzi eliyisisekelo lokwenza umsebenzi kochwepheshe bokudweba imidwebo. Yebo, lokhu kubavumela ukuthi basondele ngokuhlelekile kunoma iyiphi iphrojekthi ehlobene nendawo yabo, kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga.

Ngokwengeziwe, lolu hlobo lwendlela, njenganoma iyiphi enye, inezinjongo ezisebenzayo ngaphakathi kwenqubo yokufundisa nokufunda. Yebo, kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokudlulisa ulwazi phakathi kwezizukulwane ezahlukahlukene; ngendlela yokuthi kuqiniswe ngokwenzeka kwabaqambi abafundisayo nokwabafundi abanethemba lokufunda.

bruno-munari-3-indlela

Iyiphi indlela kaBruno Munari yokuxazulula izinkinga?

Okokuqala, kufanele siqaphele ukuthi uBruno Munari waklanywa njengomklamo onengqondo, ohambisanayo, oqondile nenjongo. Ngale ndlela, wasungula ukuthi inqubo yokuklama iqala encazelweni enengqondo yenkinga futhi ifaka phakathi ukwakhiwa kwezixazululo, kuze kube kufinyelela kumphumela obonwe kahle, njengomkhiqizo womkhuba wokuhweba.

Ngamanye amagama, i- Indlela kaBruno Munari Ukuxazulula izinkinga, kuqukethe isethi yokusebenza ehlelwe ngokunengqondo, ngokwemiphumela yesipiliyoni sangaphambilini. Ngokwengeziwe, inenhloso eyinhloko yokwandisa imiphumela, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwandisa imizamo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uMunari usungule ukuthi lowo mklamo uhlanganisa izinto eziningana, phakathi kwazo esingabala okulandelayo: ukwakheka okubukwayo, okwezimboni, imidwebo kanye nocwaningo. Ngendlela efanayo, ukuqinisekisile ukuthi kungumsebenzi wokwakha onikeza umphumela omuhle, inqobo nje uma isakhi ngasinye esakha sifundwa ngokunemba.

Izigaba zendlela kaBruno Munari

Ngokuvamile, i- Indlela kaBruno Munari Ukuxazululwa kwezinkinga kusungula izigaba eziningana. Mayelana nalokhu, ngasinye salezi zigaba siphendula kusakhiwo esinengqondo futhi esihlelekile senqubo yokwakhiwa.

Isitatimende Sezinkinga

Indlela yokwakhiwa kukaBruno Munari iqala emcabangweni wokuthi inkinga uqobo iqukethe izinto ezidingekayo ukuze zixazululwe. Ngendlela yokuthi, ekuxazululeni kwabo, kubalulekile ukwazi ngayinye yalezi zingxenye, kuze kufike ezingeni lokuzisebenzisa kamuva ekwakhiweni kwenqubo yokwakhiwa.

Mayelana nalokhu, izixazululo ezingaba khona esingazinika inkinga ethile imvamisa zizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Phakathi kwabo singabala okulandelayo: okwesikhashana, okucacayo, ukuhweba, ukuqagela noma ukulinganisa.

Ukubola kwenkinga

Ngamagama avamile, ukubola kwenkinga yokuklama kuphakamisa ezinye izingqinamba, ngayinye yazo ingaxazululwa ngokufanele. Ngale ndlela, ibhange lezisombululo ezamukelekayo ezinkingeni zokuklama jikelele lakhiwa.

Ukuqoqwa kwedatha

Kulesi sigaba, idatha ehlobene nefomu ngalinye elisetshenziselwe ukuxazulula izinkinga ezingaphansi iyaqoqwa, kufaka phakathi izinto zokwakha kanye namasu. Ngale ndlela, singathola amacala axazululwe ngobuchwepheshe namanye ahlanganyela ngezixazululo, okuyizethenjwa zokuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi.

Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha

Inhloso enkulu yokuhlaziywa kwedatha ukuhlinzeka ngokuholwa kokungafanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuklama. Ngokwengeziwe, kusisiza ukuthi sinikeze ukuholwa nezincomo maqondana nalokhu, ngenkathi singanciphisa ukuvela kwamaphutha ekwakhiweni.

Ukudala

Kusho ukusungulwa kwayo yonke imisebenzi engenzeka evela ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha nokusiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga. Ngendlela yokuthi lokhu kusivumele ukuthi sikhethe isixazululo esisodwa noma eziningi ezifanele.

Izinto zokwakha nobuchwepheshe

Kulesi sigaba kufanele sazi kokubili izinto zokwakha kanye nezinsimbi namasu esinawo. Ngale ndlela, singasungula ubudlelwano obusizo ekuthuthukiseni iphrojekthi yokwakha.

Ukuhlolwa

Kuleli qophelo sidinga ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa okusivumela ukuthi siqondise kabusha imizamo yethu uma kunesidingo. Ngokwengeziwe, kusebenza ukuqinisa amasu ahlobene namathuba obuchwepheshe.

Kule vidiyo elandelayo ungabona Imithetho emine yendlela yeCartesian, lapho i- Indlela kaBruno Munari.

onobuhle

Kusho ukunwetshwa kwesampula esichazayo, umkhiqizo wokuthuthukiswa kwezigaba zangaphambilini zephrojekthi yokwakhiwa. Mayelana nalokhu, lesi sampuli kufanele siqinisekiswe ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza kwaso.

Ukuqinisekiswa

Kulesi sigaba kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi imiphumela esiyitholile ilindelekile. Ngendlela yokuthi sithathe isinyathelo sokugcina ekwakhiweni kwenqubo yokuklama.

Imidwebo yokwakha

Ngokuvamile, imidwebo yokwakha isebenza njengesiqondisi sokwakhiwa kwesibonelo. Ngalesi sikhathi siphokophele ekuxhumaneni nesixazululo sethu esihlongozwayo.

Isixazululo

Kuyisigaba sokugcina senqubo, lapho sibona khona ukuthi iphrojekthi yokwakhiwa iphelile. Mayelana nalokhu, ukuthola imiphumela emihle kusho ukuthi sisebenzise ngempumelelo isigaba ngasinye sangaphambilini.

Kepha wayengubani uBruno Munari?

UBruno Munari wayengumculi ovelele nomdwebi wemidwebo, owazalelwa e-Italy ngo-1907.

Mayelana nalokhu, singasho ukuthi kuyo yonke impilo yakhe, kwakukhona iminikelo eminingi ebalulekile ayinikela emkhakheni wezokudweba, owezimboni nowokuqhafaza, i-cinematography, phakathi kwabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, weza ukuzongena kwezinye izindawo zobuciko, ezinjengokubhala nezinkondlo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokombono webhizinisi, uBruno Munari wenza igalelo elibalulekile ekuvuseleleni kabusha izwe lakhe ngezimboni ngemuva kwempi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wayehlala njalo ekholwa ngobuqotho ku-Futurism, kanye nasekuhlanganeni phakathi kobuciko namasu.

Ngamafuphi, uBruno Munari wagqama ngezinga lakhe elimangalisayo lobuciko, alifaka emsebenzini wakhe ngamunye. Mayelana nalokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi sisho ukuthi umkhiqizo wakhe wobuciko udlula imibukiso yomuntu uqobo engama-200 futhi weqa imisebenzi engama-400.

Ekugcineni, eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye ngemuva kokushicilela enye yezincwadi zakhe ezidume kakhulu, ayinikeza isihloko esithi: Izinto zizalwa kanjani, uBruno Munari washona ezweni lakhe lokuzalwa, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwama-91. Kodwa-ke, ifa lakhe liyaqhubeka, embukisweni weGallararte Museum of Arts, nakumuntu ngamunye owazi ngomsebenzi wakhe omangalisayo.

Ngokwengeziwe, kule vidiyo elandelayo ungafunda okwengeziwe ngempilo yalo mculi ongajwayelekile nomqambi wezithombe zeFuturism, ubuciko nobuciko.

Izinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza

Nsuku zonke kunezindawo eziningi lapho Indlela kaBruno Munari ukuxazulula izinkinga. Phakathi kwazo singabala okulandelayo: Ukuhlobisa, okokwembatha, ukukhempa, izinsimbi zokulinganisa, imidlalo yezemfundo nemidlalo, iminyuziyamu nemibukiso, ipaki yokuzijabulisa, izingadi, i-cinema nethelevishini, ubuciko bezithombe, phakathi kokunye.

Ezinye izindlela zokwakha

Njengoba sishilo, eceleni kwe Indlela kaBruno Munari kukhona ezinye ezibaluleke ngokulinganayo, kepha ngezindlela ezihluke ngokuphelele. Lezi izi:

Indlela kaChristopher Jones Design

KuChristopher Jones sikweleta isiphakamiso semibono emibili emisha phakathi komklamo, njenge: ibhokisi elimnyama nebhokisi elivelayo. Mayelana nendlela yokuqala yokuklama, umbhali ubeka ukuthi, kaningi, umklami uthola imiphumela ephumelelayo, inqubo yakhe angayazi ukuthi angayichaza kanjani.

Ngenkathi umqondo webhokisi osobala ucabanga ngesidingo sokusetha kabusha, zombili izinhloso nokuhlaziywa kwenkinga necebo elizolandelwa. Ngale ndlela, inqubo yokwakhiwa ibanzi futhi yehlukile.

Ngokuya ngokuqagela kukaJones, lapho-ke sinokuthi inqubo yokwakhiwa kufanele yenziwe ngezigaba ezimbili. Esokuqala sazo sisho ukuseshwa komklamo ongcono kunayo yonke bese okwesibili, ekulawulweni kwamasu okufanele kusetshenziswe esigabeni sokuqala.

Ngale ndlela, singakwazi ukubikezela imiphumela engaba khona ngokwakhiwa kwemodeli bese singakhetha inketho enhle kunazo zonke. Mayelana nalokhu, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi imiphumela engenzeka ingumkhiqizo wesilinganiso samasu ahlukahlukene ahlukile.

Indlela yokwakha kaMorris Asimow

Ngokuqondene nendlela yokwakhiwa kukaMorris Asimow, ichaza yonke inqubo ngombono wobunjiniyela. Ngakho-ke, usungula izigaba ezimbili ezimakwe kahle, ezihlobene.

Mayelana nalokhu, owokuqala wabo ubhekise ekuhlelweni nasekukhuleni komzimba wedizayini bese okwesibili, kuthuthukiswe umjikelezo wokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa, okubandakanya nokuhlobene nokusatshalaliswa komkhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, ngokujwayelekile, i-Asimow inquma ukuthi inqubo yokwakhiwa yenziwa ngokulandela uhlelo olulandelayo: ukuhlaziywa, ukuhlanganiswa, ukuhlolwa kanye nesinqumo, ukwenza kahle, ukubuyekezwa kanye nokuqaliswa.

Indlela kaBruce Archer Yokwakha

Ngokwakhe, uBruce Archer uphakamisa i-Systematic Method for Designers, lapho ebeka khona ukuthi inqubo yokwakha idinga ukugcwaliseka kwezigaba ezintathu ezichazwe kahle. Mayelana nalokhu, lokhu kumboza ingxenye yokuhlaziya, yokudala neyokwenza, esukela encazelweni yenkinga kuye ekwakhiweni kwama-prototypes nokulungiswa kwemibhalo yokukhiqiza.

Isiphetho

La Indlela kaBruno Munari wokuxazululwa kwezinkinga okugxile ekwakhiweni, ingxenye yokuqagela ngendlela. Ngendlela efanayo, inquma isidingo sokwenza isifundo sokuqala ngesizinda sephrojekthi eshiwo, kanye nezinto nezinto ezidingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwayo.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

*

*

  1. Ubhekele idatha: I-Actualidad Blog
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.