Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinto zokusetshenziswa, imikhiqizo yezobuchwepheshe nezinto ngaphambi kokuqala ukubona i- izakhiwo ezibonakalayo. Ngakho-ke, namhlanje sikulethela ngaphakathi kwendatshana yethu, zonke izici zezinto ezisetshenziswayo nezinto zokusetshenziswa okufanele wazi.
Yazi izakhiwo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zokwakha.
Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo
Okokuqala, sinempahla eluhlaza, okuyizinto ezitholakala kokukhishwa okuqondile emvelweni, njengemikhiqizo yezilwane (izikhumba nosilika), imifino (Ukotini, ukhokho, ukhuni), namaminerali (Isanti, Ubumba, imabula, phakathi kwabanye).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinezinto zokwakha, eziba yinto eluhlaza eguqulwa ngenqubo yomzimba kanye / noma yamakhemikhali, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza noma yimuphi umkhiqizo, njengezinto zetafula lokhuni, ipulasitiki, ishidi lensimbi , izinto zobumba noma izinto zobumba, phakathi kokunye okuningi.
Ngokufanayo, lezi zinto zinezinto ezithile ezibhekeleke ekunqumeni ukuthi ngabe zikulungele yini ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo wobuchwepheshe. Uma kukhulunywa ngemikhiqizo yezobuchwepheshe, ziyizinto esezakhiwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamanje zabantu, noma ngabe kungamatafula noma imishayo.
Izinto zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko
Phakathi kwezinto ezisemqoka zobuchwepheshe ezingasetshenziswa sinezinto zobumba, ezikhiqizwa ukubumba ubumba nokuzibeka enqubeni yokuphoqa okushisa okuphezulu.
Bese-ke sinezinto zepulasitiki, ezivela ku-oyela; imifino enjenge: cellulose, igesi yemvelo kanye namanye amaprotheni ezilwane, njengama-rubbers epulasitiki, i-cellophane noma i-PVC.
Ngokunjalo, sithola izinto zensimbi, esingazithola sibonga amaminerali atholakala emadwaleni; Zivame ukwenziwa ngensimbi, insimbi, ithusi, ithini, i-aluminium, phakathi kokunye okuningi. Sinezinkuni, ezivela engxenyeni ekhuni yezihlahla; Ama-firs, amaphayini, izihlahla ze-chestnut, nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezihlahla ezikhona luyasebenziseka.
Izinto zendwangu, ezitholakala ezintweni eziluhlaza njengokotini, uboya noma usilika, nokunye okufana nenayiloni ne-lycra ezintweni zepulasitiki. Ekugcineni sinezinto ezenziwe ngamatshe, okuyilezo ezikhishwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene emadwaleni, kusukela kokukhulu kakhulu kuya emabhuloki, kuya esihlabathini, njengemabula, isileti, ukhonkolo noma ingilazi.
Izici zezinto zikagesi
Lolu hlobo lwempahla lunquma ukusebenza kwempahla lapho ingaphansi kwamandla kagesi, enye yalezi zici yaziwa ngokuthi yi-conductivity, okuyimpahla impahla okufanele ikwazi ukudlulisa amandla kagesi. Izinto ezisebenza ngokusekelwe kulokhu kungaba:
- Abaqhubi: Yiziphi ezibhekele ukuvumela okwamanje kudlule kalula kuzo.
- Isivikelo: Labo ngakolunye uhlangothi babizwa kanjalo ngoba abavumeli ukudlula okulula kwamanje ngabo.
- Ama-Semiconductors: Ayaziwa njengama-semiconductors ngoba avumela ukudlula kwamanje kuwo kepha ngezimo ezithile. Isibonelo, njengoba bengabaqhubi kusuka kuthempelesha ethile futhi uma ingaphansi kwayo, bayavikela.
Izici zemishini
Uma kukhulunywa ngezakhiwo, kungenzeka sibhekene nenye ebaluleke kakhulu, ngoba bachaza indlela izinto zokusebenza eziziphatha ngayo okwamanje lapho zitholwa yizenzo zamandla angaphandle. Impahla ejwayelekile yalolu hlobo lwezinto ukumelana nemishini, okungukuphikiswa kwezinto ezikhona kumandla athile angaphandle, phakathi kwezinto ezaziwa kakhulu esinazo:
- Ukuqina: Iyini impahla yemizimba ukuze ikwazi ukuthola ukuguqulwa okuthile unomphela.
- Ukungathambeki: Yiyo enokulula ukuthi inezakhiwo ezokwazi ukusakazeka kumashidi noma amapuleti.
- I-Ductility: Yisakhiwo esakha into ezokwazi ukwandiswa futhi ngaleyo ndlela yakha izintambo noma izintambo.
- Ubulukhuni: Kungukuphikisana nokuthi into ethile iphikisana nokumakwa ngenye into. Idayimane elaziwa kakhulu kunawo wonke, njengoba idayimane elilodwa kuphela elingaklwebha elinye idayimane. Ukuze kukalwe ubulukhuni bento, isikali sikaMohs siyasetshenziswa, ngesikali esingu-1 kuye kwayi-10.
- Ukuqina: Kungukuphikiswa okutholwa yilokho okwephula lapho kushaywa.
- Ubuhlanya: Ukuba okuphambene nobulukhuni, yikhono lemizimba yokwephuka kalula lapho ithola ukushaywa. Ingilazi iyinto enzima, ngoba iyabhidlika futhi inzima ngasikhathi sinye.
Izakhiwo ezishisayo
Laba yibo abaphethe ekunqumeni ukusebenza kwento ehlangana nokushisa. Phakathi kwezinto ezinezinto ezishisayo esaziyo ukuthi sinohlu olulandelayo, lapho kukhona:
- Ukumelana nokushisa: Ukuphikiswa kokuthi into kufanele idlule ekushiseni. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi into ethile inokumelana nokushisa okuningi, kungumqhubi ompofu oshisayo noma oshisayo, njengoba kungenza nezakhiwo zezinto ezisebenzisela ilangabi. Uma into inamandla amancane, ingumqhubi omuhle wokushisa, njengoba kunjalo nangokushona kokushisa.
- Ukuqhutshwa kokushisa: Yileyo ekala amandla ento yokudlulisa ukushisa, okusho ukuthi uma kungumqhubi omuhle noma omubi wokushisa. Ngakho-ke, ngokungafani nokumelana, okuyizinto ezinokuqhutshwa okuphezulu kokushisa, ukuba ngumqhubi omuhle wokushisa, ngokungafani nalokho okwenzekayo ngokumelana nokushisa.
- Ukusebenziseka kalula: Kungukulula nje lapho into ingancibilika khona, ngakho-ke ungasuka ketshezi uye kokuqinile futhi okuphambene nalokho.
- Ukushisheka: Kuyikhono lokuthile ukuzitshisela noma ngokunye okokusebenza. Ngokusobala, izinto ezine-fusibility enhle zivame ukuba ne-weldability enhle.
- Ukwehliswa: Kukhula ngosayizi lapho into ingathola lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka.
Uma lolu lwazi lusizile, sikumema ukuthi ubone iwebhusayithi yethu, lapho ungathola khona imininingwane ehlukahlukene kwezobuchwepheshe njenge Izingxenye ze-multimeter nemisebenzi yayo Izimfihlo ezi-5! Sizokushiyela nevidiyo uma kwenzeka ufuna ukwengeza lolu lwazi.