Kulesi sihloko uzokwazi wonke amafayela we- izici zegundane, kusuka kumamodeli okuqala kuya kwamanje kakhulu. Kusukela yasungulwa, le divayisi ebalulekile ishintshe okushiwo ukuxhumana ngekhompyutha, yavumela ukungena kwemininingwane yezithombe kumakhompyutha ngokushesha futhi kalula.
Izici zegundane
Igundane lingenye yezinto ezisemqoka zehadiwe yekhompyutha, evumela ukuthi kwenziwe imisebenzi yokufaka. Ngokuyinhloko, igundane noma igundane likhipha imiyalo ngokunyakaza ezindaweni ezicabalele, kanye nokucindezela izinkinobho zalo. Ungumphelelisi wekhibhodi, futhi ngathi isebenza ngesandla.
Uma ufuna ukwazi imininingwane eyengeziwe ngale divayisi yokufaka ebalulekile, ngikumema ukuthi ufunde i-athikili ku- imisebenzi yekhibhodi.
Ngokuvamile, igundane likuvumela ukuthi wenze le misebenzi elandelayo:
- Ukuchofoza okukodwa: Kuyisenzo sokubeka isikhombisi segundane endaweni ethile esikrinini, ngasikhathi sinye ucindezela kanye, futhi udedele, inkinobho yesobunxele yegundane.
- Qhafaza kabili: Kusho ukucindezela kabili kulandelana, ngokushesha nangokuqhubekayo, kwenkinobho yegundane lesobunxele, lapho isikhombi segundane sesibekiwe endaweni ethile esikrinini.
- Ukuchofoza inkinobho yangakwesokudla: Kufana nokuchofoza okukodwa kwenkinobho yegundane lesobunxele, kepha kubhekiswa ngqo kunkinobho yangakwesokudla, engasetshenziswanga kancane futhi eyenzelwe imisebenzi ethile yezinhlelo zekhompyutha.
- Hudula udedele: Isetshenziselwe ukuhambisa into esikrinini sekhompyutha. Uma isikhethwe ngesikhombi segundane, inkinobho yesobunxele ibanjwa phansi bese ihudulelwa lapho ufuna ukuyibuka khona.
Ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kwegundane lokuqala, kuvele amanye amamodeli ayinkimbinkimbi. Okulandelayo, sizomemezela i- izici zegundane, ngokuya ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zazo ezikhona njengamanje.
Isigaba sokuqala esizosenza ngegundane ngokuya ngokuxhumeka kwaso. Ngale ndlela, singasho ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zazo:
- Igundane elinentambo: Lolu hlobo lwegundane lunoxhumano lomzimba, njengoba ludinga ikhebula ukuxhumana nekhompyutha. Izinhlobo zokuqala zazinembobo yePS / 2, engaphenduli kangako kunalena yamanje, enembobo ye-USB. Inzuzo yayo enkulu ukuthi ayidingi ibhethri ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo. Imikhawulo yokuhamba iba yinkinga yayo enkulu.
- Igundane elingenantambo: Alidingi ukuxhumana kwekhebula kwikhompyutha, elenza ukuthi lihambe kalula, kepha lidinga amabhethri ukuze lisebenze. Isici esisodwa esivuna sona induduzo esiyinikezayo lapho usebenza nayo. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zamagundane angenantambo akhona, singabala igundane lemvamisa yomsakazo, igundane lefoni kanye negundane lohlobo lwe-bluetooth.
Manje, sizobona ukuthi yikuphi okuyinhloko izici zegundane, ngokuya ngohlobo lwendlela abasebenza ngayo nemisebenzi abayenzayo:
E-Mecánico
Igundane lomshini, elaziwa nangokuthi igundane le-analog noma igundane lebhola, kwakuyigundane lokuqala elaziwayo.
Njengoba igama lalo lisho, iqukethe umgogodla wepulasitiki, obizwa ngokuthi ibhola, osendaweni yawo engezansi. Ngayo, ukuxhumana kusungulwa ngenhla lapho igundane lishelela khona. Konke ukunyakaza kwegundane kudluliselwa kumasekethe kagesi kukhompyutha.
Ngokuhamba kwegundane, ibhola ligingqa bese lisebenzisa ama-roller enawo ngaphakathi. Ukuhamba ngakunye kwegundane kutolikwa njengokuhlanganiswa kokunyakaza kuye kwesobunxele nakwesokudla, kuya ngokuthi iroli ngalinye likuthole kanjani lokhu kuhamba.
Ngokwengeziwe, iroli ngayinye ixhunywe kushaft ekwazi ukujikeleza idiski. Lawa madiski aboshwe ngokufana ebusweni bawo, asebenza njengama-encoders we-optical.
Ngokuya ngesimo sediski, amasiginali we-infrared angadlula noma angahambi, nawo akhiqize amasiginali edijithali. Lezi zimpawu zihambisana nejubane elime mpo futhi livundlile elidluliselwa kwikhompyutha.
Okubi kakhulu ngukuthi, ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo, kujwayelekile ukuthi ukungcola kungene ezingxenyeni zayo, kudale ukwehluleka ekusebenzeni kwayo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlobene nokuphazamiseka kwenzwa.
Okubonakalayo
Yakhiwa ngo-1999, futhi iseyigundane elisetshenziswa kakhulu nelidume kakhulu namuhla. Yakha uhlobo lwegundane lokuqamba okuhle, ngoba isebenza njengekhamera esebenza njengenzwa ye-optical, enamandla okuthatha izithombe eziyi-1500 ngomzuzwana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ine-software evumela ukucutshungulwa kwesithombe sedijithali ngesikhathi sangempela.
Ayinazo izinto ezihambayo, njengama-disc noma amabhola, anciphisa amathuba okwehluleka emisebenzini yayo. Futhi ngenxa yalesi sici, ukungcola akunakwenzeka ukuthi kungene ngaphakathi kwegundane, kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okungenaziphazamiso kuzinzwa.
Enye eyinhloko izici zegundane elibonakalayo ukuthi ukunyakaza esikrinini kuyaqhubeka ngokwengeziwe, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yejubane eliphakeme okwenziwa ngalo ukunyakaza kwegundane. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi lolu hlobo lwegundane lucace bha kuneyomshini.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukuthi ayidingi indawo eyisicaba ukusebenza, futhi ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezingalingani kancane. Kodwa-ke, ukuze isebenze kahle, idinga indawo lapho ihamba khona ingabonakali, ibonakale noma icwebezele entanyeni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kumamodeli akamuva e-optical yegundane emakethe, izici ezithile ezibangele inkinga zenziwe ngcono, kunjalo ngesidingo sokugcina igundane ligxile ngasendaweni ethile ukuze likwazi ukusebenza kahle.
Uhlobo oluthile lwegundane elibonakalayo ligundane le-laser, izici esizobona ngezansi.
I-Laser
Kuyigundane lokuzwela okuphezulu nokunemba, okuthola ukunyakaza okwenzeka endaweni eyisicaba, kepha esikhundleni sokusebenza ngokukhanya okubonakalayo, kufaka i-laser enamandla amakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-2000 dpi.).
Iyakwazi ukusebenza ezindaweni ezahlukene, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuphatha kahle ikhompyutha, okwenza ukuthi ibe ngomunye wamagundane anikeza usizo olukhulu.
Awunantambo
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, enye yezinto eziphambili izici ezingenantambo zegundane yikhona kanye okuhlukanisa negundane lendabuko, ngoba esikhundleni sokuba nekhebula lokuxhuma nekhompyutha, lixhuma ngeradio frequency, infrared noma nge-bluetooth link.
Inzuzo yayo enkulu ukuhamba kwayo, njengoba ingahanjiswa isuke kwenye indawo iye kwenye ngaphandle kokungaphatheki kahle kwekhebula. Ngamanye amagama, ikuvumela ukuthi usebenze ukude futhi ngaphandle kobunzima.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuba sengozini kwayo kumasiginali kagesi eyitholayo, ingaletha izinkinga zokuphazamiseka, okuba yinkinga enkulu.
Okunye okubi kwayo ukuthi kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri okumele ashintshwe njalo, kuye ngokusetshenziswa kwegundane. Amanye amamodeli avumela olunye uhlobo lokushaja kabusha ibhethri, kepha awavamile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isivinini sayo sokuphendula sihamba kancane uma kuqhathaniswa negundane elinentambo.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zamagundane angenantambo akhona yilezi ezilandelayo:
Igundane likaHertzian
Isebenza njengegundane lemvamisa yomsakazo, elidinga umamukeli weHertzian ngokusebenza kwayo. Akudingi ukubonakala okuqondile nekhompyutha futhi inebanga eliphakathi kwamamitha amahlanu kuya kwayishumi. Ijubane layo lokuthumela nokwamukela imininingwane liyamukeleka impela.
Igundane lefoni
Kudinga umamukeli we-infrared oxhunywe kwikhompyutha, kanye nocingo oluqondile lokubona okungaphezu kwamamitha amabili ukuze lusebenze. Ngamanye amagama, akwenzeki uma amaqembu engasondelanga ngokomzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, ukusebenza kwayo kuphansi kunezinye izinhlobo zamagundane angenantambo, yingakho kungasetshenziswa kahle.
Igundane le-Bluetooth
Isebenza ngesamukeli se-bluetooth esixhunywe kwimishini. Inebanga elifanayo negundane leHertzian, kepha ijubane lokufaka idatha lishesha ngokubonakalayo.
I-Ergonomic
Phakathi kwe izici zegundane i-ergonomic kungashiwo okulandelayo:
- Zenzelwe ukujwayela ukuma komsebenzisi, ikakhulukazi labo abachitha amahora amaningi phambi kwekhompyutha.
- Yenza lula ukunyakaza, unciphise ukungakhululeki okungenzeka kutholakale ekumeni okuhle lapho usebenza.
- Ngokuvamile, ukwakheka kwayo kumile futhi izinkinobho zitholakala phezulu kwayo.
Amagundane e-ergonomic afaka okulandelayo:
Igundane le-Trackball
Lolu hlobo lwegundane lunebhola elakhelwe engxenyeni engenhla yalo, kepha aluhambi phezulu. Esikhundleni salokho, isebenza ngqo ngumsebenzisi, kanye nezinkinobho zendabuko. Lokho wukuthi, kuyigundane elimile, ukuphathwa kwalo okuqondile kwebhola kukhiqiza ukunyakaza esikrinini sekhompyutha.
Imvamisa isetshenziswa ngabalandeli bemidlalo yevidiyo nabantu abasebenzisa izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokuklanywa kwemidwebo. Ngokwengeziwe, singasho ukuthi kuhle ukusebenza ezindaweni ezivalekile.
Azikho izinhlobo ezibonakalayo zamagundane ohlobo lweTrackball.
Igundane eliguquguqukayo
Yenzelwe umsebenzisi ukuthi afinyelele endaweni ekhululekile, ngokulungisa igundane esandleni sabo.
Ezinye izinhlobo zegundane ezikhona namuhla yilezi:
Ukuthinta okuningi
Kuyigundane elihlanganisa izici zezinye izinhlobo zegundane nemisebenzi yokuthinta, ukwenza lula ukufinyelela nokuzulazula ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene. Phakathi kwamagundane ahlukahlukene wokuthinta, noma ukuthinta okuningi, okukhona, okulandelayo kungashiwo:
Thinta Igundane
Phakathi kwamagundane athinta izinto eziningi, yiyona enikeza inani elingcono kakhulu lemali. Kulula ukusebenzela bobabili abasebenzisi besandla sokudla nesobunxele.
Ingashumekwa ngaphakathi kwamadivayisi eselula noma kungaba igajethi ngayinye. Ngazo zombili izindlela, lolu hlobo lwesikrini luvumela ukuhanjiswa kokufakwayo okuningi ngokuthinta, ukwazi ukusebenzisa umunwe owodwa noma eminingi.
Idizayini yayo icinene ngempela, okwenza kube lula ukupakisha nokuhambisa.
I-Magic Mouse
Ayinazo izingxenye zangaphakathi futhi ayidingi izinkinobho. Inamabhethri angashintshwa, anokuqina okukhulu kunamabhethri wendabuko.
Ilula futhi iyasebenza, kepha uma kuqhathaniswa neTouch Mouse intengo yayo iphakeme impela.
Ekugcineni, sizobiza amanye amagundane okusetshenziswa okukhethekile.
ephathekayo
Isikhombi esikhona kuwo wonke amakhompyutha ohlobo lwe-laptop. Ingubuso obungunxande, obukhiqiza esikrinini ukunyakaza okwenziwa ngumsebenzisi kuso. Ukuthinta phezulu kulingana nokuchofoza noma ukuchofoza kabili kwigundane elijwayelekile, likuvumela ukuthi ulawule isikhombisi nokuzulazula ezinhlelweni.
Yize igcwalisa yonke imisebenzi yegundane elijwayelekile, abasebenzisi abaningi bavame ukuyigcwalisa ngokufaka ikhibhodi ejwayelekile kwi-laptop.
Okubi kakhulu kwalolu hlobo lwegundane ukuthi akusebenzi lapho umsebenzisi ezama ukulisebenzisa ngeminwe emanzi.
Igundane elinesikhombi sokuthinta
Kuyigundane elikhona ezinhlobonhlobo ezimbalwa zama-laptops, noma kwamanye amakhibhodi avamile ekhompyutha. Itholakala phakathi kokhiye be-G, B no-H, futhi ingabonakala kalula ngokuba nesimo esiyisiyingi esibomvu.
Unyawo lwamagundane
Luhlobo lwegundane abambalwa abalaziyo, ngenxa yokuvama ukusetshenziswa kwalo. Ngokuyinhloko, iyigundane elilawulwa ngonyawo, elinikeza izinzuzo kukhibhodi ngoba ingasebenza ngokukhululeka ngezandla zombili, ngaphandle kokuyeka ukusebenzisa igundane.
Kuwusizo lobuchwepheshe kubantu okuthi, ngenxa yemikhawulo yomzimba noma yezinzwa, abakwazi ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo amagundane ajwayelekile, okubavumela ukuthi balawule imisebenzi eyisisekelo njengoku: ukuchofoza, ukuchofoza kabili, ukuhudula, ukulahla nokukhombisa amamenyu wokuqukethwe.
Futhi, uma une-processor yamagama ejwayelekile, ungathayipha usebenzisa ikhibhodi ekusikrini.
3D
Ngenxa yokwakheka nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwayo, isetshenziswa ngqo ezindaweni ezibonakalayo. Iqukethe izinzwa ezilungele ukusetshenziswa kuzo zombili ukunyakaza kwe-3D ne-2D. Isici salo esiyinhloko sinembile ukuthi singazungezisa imidwebo iye ebangeni lesithathu.
Ngenxa yalokhu kukhethekile, kusetshenziselwa okuthile phakathi konjiniyela nabaqambi.
induku yokudlala
Ngokuyisisekelo kuyinduku yokudlala ejikeleza ngokuhlangana kwebhola, ifinyelele kuma-degree angama-360 endiza kunoma iyiphi indlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyakwazi ukuhambisa isikhombisi esikrinini ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinkinobho zokuhamba.
I-Biometric
Ivumela ukukhonjwa komsebenzisi ngokubona iminwe yabo. Isetshenziswa, ngokuyisisekelo, ukunikeza ukufinyelela kumasayithi athile aqukethe imininingwane ebucayi.
Ukusebenza okujwayelekile
Esinye sezici ezisemqoka okumele kushiwo kulokhu ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwegundane nekhompyutha kungokwamacala amabili, futhi kungenzeka, njengoba sesibonile, ngezintambo noma ngaphandle kokuxhumana okukhona.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wegundane ukukhomba, ukuhambisa nokwenza izinto esikrinini sekhompyutha, ngokukhomba nokuhumusha ukunyakaza kwesandla. Lokhu kunyakaza kuguqulwa kube imininingwane yedijithali okufanele icubungulwe yikhompyutha.
Manje, ukuze lolu shintsho lwenzeke kuyadingeka ukuthi igundane lithumele ikhompyutha ama-byte amathathu wolwazi ngefomethi ye-serial, ngezinga lama-40 ngomzuzwana.
I-byte yokuqala kufanele iqukathe isimo sezinkinobho ezingakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla, ukuqondiswa kokuhamba maqondana nezikhombisi ze-X ne-Y, nolwazi lokuchichima kuzo zombili izinkomba. Lesi sakamuva, sisuselwa ekuhambiseni igundane ngejubane elikhulu.
Ngenkathi i-byte yesibili kufanele ifake phakathi ukunyakaza ohlangothini lwe-X, kanti okwesithathu ukunyakaza ohlangothini lwe-Y. Ngamanye amagama, ama-byte wokugcina kufanele aqinisekise inani lamapulse atholakala ohlangothini ngalunye, ngoba imininingwane yokugcina ethunyelwe kukhompyutha. .
Izinto
Ngokuvamile, igundane linezinto ezilandelayo:
- Inkinobho yangakwesokudla: Ivumela ukufinyelela okusheshayo kokunye okukhethwa kukho kwemenyu, njenge:
- Inkinobho yangakwesobunxele: Ngayo ungakhetha izinhlelo bese uxhumana nekhompyutha. Inesibopho sokwenza izinketho ezenziwe ngumsebenzisi.
- Ukuxhumana: Endabeni yegundane elinentambo, kubhekiswa kukhebula noma ukuxhumana ngokomzimba okuvumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwedivayisi nekhompyutha. Kumagundane angenantambo, yizimpawu zesikhala esivumela ukuhanjiswa kolwazi.
- Isondo lokuskrola: Itholakala phakathi kwenkinobho yesokudla nenkinobho yesobunxele yegundane. Inika amandla ukunyakaza kwesikhombi segundane kusikrini sonke.
- Ukulawulwa kokuzula: Itholakala ezansi kwegundane, futhi kungaba yi-laser optical noma ibhola lenjoloba. Unesibopho sokufuduswa okufanayo.