Izinhlobo zamalungiselelo ezinhlelweni

Ngalesi sikhathi sizokhuluma nge- izinhlobo zamalungiselelo ezinhlelweni ezikhona endaweni yesayensi yamakhompyutha. Lapho sizochaza ngakunye kwazo nokubaluleka kwazo ezinhlelweni, izinhlelo noma amakhasi wewebhu.

Izinhlobo zamalungiselelo

Endaweni yekhompyutha, ukuhlelwa noma ukuhleleka kwaziwa njengeqoqo ledatha noma ukwakheka kwedatha, okutholakala ukuthi kuhlelwe ngokufana futhi kutholakala kwi-RAM (okuyilapho idatha igcinwa khona ngendlela ehambisanayo). Yesikhashana). Le datha akumele ibe nohlobo lokwahluka noma lokungajwayelekile kumafomethi awo nasezimfanelweni zawo ezingadala izinkinga.

Le mininingwane ihlelwe ngokulandelana ukuze bakwazi ukuhlelelwa kusengaphambili ekusebenzeni kwabo nasekugcinweni okulandelayo kwimemori ye-RAM yekhompyutha, ngoba ukusebenza kwabo kugcinwa okwesikhashana. Imininingwane ekumalungu afanayo iguquguquka ngokuphelele futhi ingahlanganiswa njengedatha ehlanganisiwe engasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni.

Ukuze ukwenziwa kwemininingwane kufinyelele esakhiweni esizinzile nokuthi idatha engaphakathi ingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngejubane elihle lokucubungula. Ukucutshungulwa kwale datha ngaphakathi kwamalungiselelo kuzokwenziwa ngendlela yokujikeleza, ngakho-ke lo mjikelezo kufanele ugcwaliswe ngokuphelele ukuze yonke idatha ezosetshenziswa ngendlela enhle futhi ingafaki nkinga.

Le datha inezimfanelo ezifanayo kuhlu lwazo kanye nasekusebenziseni imijikelezo yazo yokucutshungulwa kwedatha, kanye nakwimihlahlandlela yokuhleleka okunika ukucutshungulwa kwedatha. Kanye nokuhleleka nesikhundla ngaphambili kwakusungulwa ngabahleli bohlelo emigqeni okuthi, ngokuningiliziwe, babanikeze i-oda kanye nesikhundla abaqokwe yizinhlelo.

Kepha ngendlela efanayo, lezi zinochungechunge lwemikhawulo ukuze imisebenzi yazo yenziwe futhi uma lokhu kuguqulwa, izigaba kuze kufike kumalungu afanayo aphelele zingayeka ukusebenza ngokuphelele.

Ukwenza uhlelo luyeke ukusebenza nokukhombisa umlayezo wephutha le-syntax maqondana nenkinga eyenzekayo, ngoba uhlu oluningi kufanele lube ngefomethi nohlobo olufanayo, kanye nokuqukethwe kwalo kufanele kube luhlobo lwezinombolo futhi kungabi nezinguquko ezithile noma amadesimali ngaphakathi.

Kungakho izinhlobo zamalungiselelo ziqhathaniswa nematrices kanye namaveector akhona ezibalweni, ngakho-ke lokhu kufana kusungulwa ukwakheka nokwakheka kwawo, ngendlela efanayo isinqumo sabo nokusetshenziswa kwama-algorithms nakho kuncike kaningi ekusebenzeni kwezibalo. Ukuhlelwa kunezinhlobo eziningana zobukhulu esizokhuluma ngazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lokhu kwaziwa ngokwezigaba ezinhlangothini linye, ezinhlangothini ezimbili futhi kuze kube sesakhiweni sazo nangendlela elingana noma enkulu kunezilinganiso ezintathu ukufeza imisebenzi yazo ehlelwe ngaphakathi kohlelo. Lezi zinhlobo zobukhulu zihambisana nemisebenzi ehleliwe futhi esungulwe ukuxazulula inkinga ethile, zaziwa ngaphansi kwamagama okuqamba amathathu ama-vectors, matrices namatafula ahlukahlukene.

Izici

Phakathi kwezici eziyinhloko izinhlobo zamalungiselelo noma i-array ezingaba nazo, sinakho:

• Okuguqukayo kuhlukile futhi kuza ukumela into ngayinye ngaphakathi kwamalungu afanayo, lezi zinto zihlukaniswa ngenkomba.
• Izici zamalungu afanayo zizogcinwa zisesimweni ngokuqhubekayo kwimemori.
• Izakhi zamalungu afanayo zingatholakala ngokungahleliwe nangokuqondile.

Izinhlobo zamalungiselelo

Izinhlobo zezinhlelo ezinhlelweni zinqunywa esikhathini esiningi ngohlobo nangobukhulu enabo, futhi nalokhu kuzosetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwamalungiselelo kunoma yiluphi ulimi lohlelo. Lokhu kusungulwa ngokwendlela abasebenza ngayo njengezimpawu zangaphakathi abanazo nangaphandle kokungena engxenyeni ekhethekile yohlelo olwenziwa.

Ukuhlelwa okunesici esisodwa kuphela kwaziwa ngokuthi amaVectors, kuyilapho lawo anezilinganiso ezimbili abizwa ngokuthi amaMatrices futhi ekugcineni lawo malungiselelo anobukhulu bawo alingana noma angaphezu kwamathathu ubukhulu aziwa njengamatafula ahlukahlukene. Kungakho ngezansi sizokwenza incazelo eningiliziwe ngayinye ye izinhlobo zamalungiselelo ezinhlelweni ukuze baqonde ukuthi ngakunye kwalokhu kumayelana nani:

Ukuhlelwa Okukodwa

Izakhiwo zedatha ezihleliwe ezihlelwe kahle zibizwa ngamalungiselelo ohlangothini olulodwa.Zibonakala ngokuba nenani elincane ledatha, okumele libe uhlobo olufanayo ukuze kucutshungulwe kulawa malungiselelo. Lawa mashejuli asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezinhlu zohlu ngokulandelana kwemvelo nangezinto ezifanayo ngaphakathi.

Phakathi kwemininingwane esetshenziswa ngaphakathi, akudingeki babe nohlobo olufanayo lwedatha kuphela, kepha futhi kufanele babe negama elilinganayo phakathi kwabo. Ukuze lezi zihlukaniswe ngesikhundla abazinikezwe ngaphakathi kohlelo ngokusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi yabo kanye nemithetho ebekwe ngumqambi we-inthanethi onekhodi ekhethekile.

Ukuze kuhlelwe lolu hlobo ukwenza imisebenzi yalo, kufanele kuqala kuqala okuguquguqukayo noma idatha yayo ekuqaleni kohlelo esebenza kulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kusungulwe igama nohlobo lwedatha okufanele yenziwe ngaphakathi kwamalungu afanayo.

Ukuhlelwa Kwezinhlobonhlobo

Lawa amalungiselelo ahlelwe ngobukhulu obubili noma ngaphezulu futhi aziwa njengamalungiselelo e-multidimensional. Lapho sikhuluma ngobukhulu kulolu hlobo lokuhleleka, kungenxa yokuthi kusungula izinombolo zezinkomba ezihlukile kunezinye nokuthi kufanele babe nazo kusakhiwo sabo ukuze bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ngaphakathi kohlelo.

Le nombolo yezinkomba ezizosetshenziswa kufanele isethwe kabusha kanye nedatha. Lokhu kusethwe kusengaphambili ngendlela efanayo nezinhlelo ezilinganayo ezinomehluko kuphela wokuthi izoba nesakhiwo esiqinile futhi esinemisebenzi eminingi.

Ukuhlelwa Kwezinkomba Eziningi

Lokhu kungachazwa njengochungechunge lwethebula lamanani, anochungechunge lwemigqa namakholomu akhethekile, asetshenziselwa ukuphatha nokukhomba indawo yenani elithile ngaphakathi. Kanye nokukhomba leli nani, kubalulekile ukusungula ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yezinkomba ezisungulwe kulawa malungiselelo nokuthi izokwethulwa ngayiphi indlela.

Ngaphakathi kwemihlahlandlela yohlelo ehambisana nalolu hlobo lokuhlelwa, baqala ngokuqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kwenkomba yokuqala ekhomba ukuthi idatha esifuna ukuyisebenzisa ngaphakathi komugqa ikuphi. Futhi ngendlela efanayo futhi ngasikhathi sinye inkomba yesibili ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo samalungu afanayo ekhomba ikholomu lapho elinye inani elizosetshenziselwa imisebenzi yamalungu afanayo likhona.

Kubalulekile ukuthi size sigcizelele ukuthi lokhu kufakwa kwezinkomba eziningi ezinhlelweni kususelwa kumodeli ekhethekile ejwayelekile ebizwa nge-ANSI nokuthi lokhu kusetshenziswa emhlabeni jikelele. Le modeli ejwayelekile icacisa ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwalolu hlobo kungasebenzisa okubhaliselwe okungaphezu kokumbili ngasikhathi sinye, kepha ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kunqunyelwe ekubhalisweni okuyishumi nambili okusetshenziswa ngasikhathi sinye ukuze sigweme ukulahlwa kwedatha ekusetshenzisweni kwalokhu. Amalungiselelo.

https://youtu.be/0IP3sQLrnRA?t=7

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamalungiselelo

Ezilimini ezihlelayo kunezigaba ezintathu zokuhlelwa, ngasinye sinezimfanelo kanye nokucaciswa okubenza bahluke ngezindlela eziningi, okwenza kube yinkimbinkimbi ezingxenyeni zabo zohlelo. Lokhu kwaziwa ukuthi kusetshenziselwa ama-sweepstake noma izinhlelo ze-lottery, yingakho sishilo ngaphambi kokuthi lezi zinhlelo zihlelwe zaba:

Isithabathaba sekhathuni

Ama-Vectors noma abizwa futhi ngaphansi kwegama elingumbumbulu elithi Amatafula Angajwayelekile, angamalungiselelo anesilinganiso esisodwa futhi angadingi izinkomba eziningi ukuze akwazi ukwenaba ngemisebenzi yawo, imijikelezo yawo isungulwa ngokusebenza okufushane nokungenzima ngesikhathi esikhawulelwe futhi ngaphandle kokuba nenkinga ngesikhathi ukwenziwa kwayo. Imininingwane izokwenziwa ngaphansi kohlobo lwedatha olufanayo.

Le mininingwane ibekwe ngohlobo lwezinombolo, kanye negama eliyisithenjwa noma igama ledatha ezohlala ngenkathi kusenziwa leli lungiselelo, ngaphakathi kufanele lifane futhi bazokwehlukanisa omunye komunye nenombolo yesikhundla leyo Ingxenye ngayinye yolwazi yanikezwa inani layo elifanele. Le mininingwane ihambisana nekhwalithi ethile eyehlukile, ethi yonke idatha yakho i-odiwe kusuka phezulu kuya kokuphansi nokuthi le fomu efanayo yenza umjikelezo wayo ukuze igcwaliseke.

Kule nqubo, inani eliphansi kakhulu noma elinezimfanelo ezincane yilona eliqala umjikelezo wenqubo ye-vector. Ngenkathi inani elingaphakathi kwe-vector enezimfanelo eziphakeme kakhulu yilo elizokwenziwa ekugcineni, ligcwalise umvuthwandaba womjikelezo ngempumelelo.

Matric

Omatikuletsheni baziwa ngaphansi kwegama elingumbombayi elithi Amabili-ntathu Amathebula, leli gama mbumbulu linalo ngenxa yokuthi linezinhlangothi ezimbili kuphela ezakha isakhiwo salo, kanye nokwabelana ngenani elikhulu lokufana namavektha. Kepha lokhu kwehlukaniswa kokugcina ngoba kunemibhalo ekhokhwayo emibili yokwenziwa kwemisebenzi yayo.

Umjikelezo wokusebenza nokusebenza okuzokwenziwa ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa kwale matrix uphakeme kakhulu kunowe-vector ngoba kulawula inani elikhulu ledatha ngaphezu kwalokhu okushiwo ngenhla. Imininingwane eku-matrix kufanele ihlelwe futhi iqaliswe ngempumelelo.

Le datha ye-matrix lapho usebenzisa okubhaliselwe okubili, idatha engaphakathi kokuhlelwa okushiwo izotholakala kuma-quadrants afanayo futhi nohlobo lwedatha yawo kufanele ihlale ifana, esimweni sendawo yazo izokhonjwa ngaphansi kokusebenzisa isikhundla izixhumanisi. Kuzinkombandlela zokuhlela, zisetshenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi ngempumelelo ku-matrix.

Amathebula we-Multidimensional

Amatafula ama-multidimensional, njenganoma yiluphi uhlelo, aletha uchungechunge lwezici ezifanayo, kepha umehluko omkhulu ukuthi anezici ezintathu noma ngaphezulu ekubunjweni kwawo, ngendlela efanayo inani lamabhangqa okubhaliselwe kumele abe ngaphezulu ukuze akwazi ukumboza ngamunye ubukhulu leli thebula elinalo. Ngokwengeziwe, ubukhulu kanye nenani okumele ithebula elenza izinto ezahlukahlukene kufanele lihambisane nalo kufanele limenyezelwe ngendlela ephoqelekile futhi libekiwe futhi ukugwema amaphutha we-syntax.

Ukusebenza Kwamalungu

Kungashiwo ukuthi izinhlelo eziningi, izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nezinhlelo zolwazi ezisebenzisa uchungechunge lwemisebenzi ezimweni eziningi ezidinga ukuhlelwa ukuze zikwazi ukufeza imisebenzi yazo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi babonisa kuphela idatha futhi abalondolozi idatha efanayo futhi ngoba lokhu kubonakala endaweni yememori engapheli noma ukuthi isetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa umugqa othize wedatha ethile.

Ukuhlelwa kwenqubo yokubhala kuthola ukwabela ibhokisi lombhalo elikhiyiwe ngenani elitholakala ngaphakathi kwamalungu afanayo ukuze ligcinwe ngokungaqondile, ngoba idatha engaphakathi kwamalungu afanayo igcinwa ngaphakathi kwekhodi yomthombo efanayo yohlelo. Futhi lokhu kusetshenziswa kuphela uma kugcinwa okwesikhashana kwi-RAM ngenkathi sisebenza nalokho kuhlelwa.

Kuzinqubo zokufunda umsebenzi walo ulula, lokhu kufanele kusebenze uhlelo noma uhlelo lokusebenza ukwenziwa kohlelo, ukuze lubonise idatha ephuma ngenxa yokusebenza kwelungiselelo, ngendlela efanayo ilungiselelo elingatholwa kweminye imisebenzi lokho kwenza uhlelo, uhlelo noma uhlelo lolwazi. Kepha kufanele ilungiselelwe ngokunemba okukhulu kungaba ngendlela ehlelekile noma cha.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umqambi wezinhlelo ngamunye azi njalo ngokwazisa uhlobo lwedatha lelo lungiselelo elizolisebenzisa ohlelweni afisa ukulwenza ngempumelelo. Kanye nobukhulu bayo nokubhaliselwe kuhambelana nobukhulu bokuhlelwa ukuze ikwazi ukufeza nokwenza umsebenzi wayo ngaphakathi kohlelo.

Izinzuzo nobubi bamalungiselelo

Phakathi kobuhle nobubi bezinhlelo zokuhlela kumele sisho ezinye ezinjengalezi:

Izinzuzo

• Kukulungele ukugcina noma ukufunda amabhlogo wedatha alandelanayo amakhulu kakhulu, njengezicelo ezinemininingwane emikhulu, izithombe namavidiyo, phakathi kwabanye.
• Ungabuyisa imininingwane.
• Kulula ukusebenza nazo.
• Usebenza ngezikhombisi-ndlela.
• Ukuqala kufayela elihlazekile, amalungiselelo azovumela ukukhiqiza idatha nge-oda elithile.

nebubi

• Usayizi wamalungu afanayo ulungisiwe, ngakho-ke uma inani lezinto ezizogcinwa lingaziwa, izinkinga ezithile zingenzeka uma isikhala singaphansi kwesidingo.
• Ukufaka izinto ngobunono kuhamba kancane.
• Futhi ukufuna into ngokulandelana okungcolile nakho kudla isikhathi.

Ukuqeda le ndatshana ngezinhlobo zamalungiselelo ezinhlelweni kufanele sisho ukuthi endaweni yekhompyutha kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kuyimpoqo ukugcina imininingwane ukuze abahleli bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi noma cishe yonke imisebenzi ngaphakathi kwanoma yiluphi uhlelo noma inqubo, Lokhu kungani sichaza izinhlobo zamalungiselelo akhona ngaphakathi kohlelo.

Ngaphakathi kohlelo kunezinto eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi zedatha ezisisiza ukuthi sigcine imininingwane ngendlela ehlelekile, lezi zinhlaka zedatha yilokhu ebesikhuluma ngakho kulo lonke umbhalo obabazekayo, obizwa ngokuthi ukuhleleka noma ukuhleleka okusetshenziswa kakhulu kunoma yikuphi ulimi lokuhlela namuhla. Futhi yingakho sikunikeze incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobo zamalungiselelo akhona ezinhlelweni.

Amalungu afanayo abaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni ngoba kungukuqala kwakho konke ngoba into ethokozisayo ngalokhu ukusesha nemisebenzi engenziwa ngenxa yazo. Ngamathuba amaningi kangaka, kufanele wazi ukuthi ungakusebenzisa kanjani kulezi zinhlaka zohlelo zokuthuthukisa noma yiluphi uhlelo, uhlelo noma ikhasi lewebhu osebenza kulo.

Uma ufuna ukuqhubeka nokwandisa ulwazi lwakho mayelana nendawo yohlelo, ungabheka isixhumanisi esilandelayo lapho ungafunda khona Izinhlobo zokuguquguqukayo ezinhlelweni.