Imininingwane ngayinye esiyikhiphela emhlabeni ngamadivayisi wethu isekelwa inethiwekhi yezokuxhumana eyinkimbinkimbi. Kepha lawa manethiwekhi akhombise umehluko wabo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Masazi lapha okuhlukile izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi weselula.
Izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi weselula: Isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sezokuxhumana kwethu
Ulwazi ngokuhlukile izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi weselula akuyona into umsebenzisi ojwayelekile athanda ukuyicabanga ngokweqile. Sijwayele ukubona ijubane noma ukwephuza kokuxhumana nokufa okuthile, njengokungathi kungumlingo wobuchwepheshe.
Kodwa-ke, ukwehluka kwamanethiwekhi angenazintambo akuyona nje kuphela ingxenye yomlando wethu wokuthuthuka kwezokuxhumana kodwa futhi nakule yethu yamanje nasesikhathini esizayo. Kuyasiza kakhulu ukwazi ama-nuances ayisisekelo esakhiwo esisekela imininingwane yethu.
Inethiwekhi yeselula iyisicabucabu esibucayi esifaka phakathi imibhoshongo yokuxhumana, ama-antenna, ama-cores wenethiwekhi namadivayisi ukukhiqiza ithrafikhi edala ukuhamba kwedatha okugcina kugcine kumadivayisi wethu weselula.
Inethiwekhi ifakwa kugridi yamaseli abekwe endaweni enikezwe indawo, egcwele iziteshi zokudlulisa ezibekwe ku-vortex noma enkabeni yamaseli. Manje, ngale kwalesi sakhiwo esiyisisekelo, kube nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamanethiwekhi weselula. Sizohlangana nabo lapha.
Uma unesithakazelo esikhethekile emlandweni wokuhlukaniswa kwezokuxhumana, ungakuthola kuwusizo ukuvakashela le enye indatshana kuwebhusayithi yethu ebekelwe izinhlobo ze-inthanethi. Landela isixhumanisi!
2G
Yaziwa njengenethiwekhi yesizukulwane sesibili ngemuva kwe-1G eyingozi futhi enomkhawulo, inethiwekhi ye-2G yayiwuhlelo lokuqala lwedijithali ngokuphelele lwamadivayisi weselula abekwazi ukushaya izingcingo nokuthumela imiyalezo.
Yize i-2G ithathwa njengenethiwekhi ebalulekile yokwakha ukuthandwa ngocingo olumakhalekhukhwini, namuhla ithathwa njengohlelo olunensa kunazo zonke, olusebenza kuphela ezinsizeni zokuthumela imiyalezo kuphela. Kungenxa yezikhathi kuphela lapho kungadingeki lutho oludlula into eyisisekelo kwezokuxhumana.
3G
Uma ngabe uhlelo lwangaphambilini lwe-2G belukwazi ukubhekana nama-bits angama-900 ngomzuzwana (bese landa kwinethiwekhi engu-2.5 no-2.75 kuya kuma-bits ayi-144000 ngomzuzwana), i-3G, ebizwa nangokuthi UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) ivumela izingcezu ezingama-384000 ngomzuzwana. Lokhu kuguqule izinto ngokuphelele: uhlelo lukuvumela ukuthi ubuke amavidiyo futhi wenze amakholi wevidiyo, uhlanganise ukuxhumana nomphakathi noma uqinisekise ukuhambisana komhlaba wonke.
Yize le nethiwekhi idinga ama-antenna amaningi amaningi ukugcina uhla lwayo luzinzile kumadivayisi amaningi ahlakazekile, nanamuhla singabona abasebenzisi basebenzisa i-2G kuphela ekuxhumaneni kwabo, ngenxa yamandla alo wokonga ibhethri.
4G
Ngemuva kokukhuphuka okuningana kwejubane kubuchwepheshe be-3G (3.5 no-3.75), inethiwekhi ye-4G izofika, ebizwa nangokuthi yi-LTE (i-Long Term Evolution). Inethiwekhi yesizukulwane sesine njengamanje isabalele kakhulu ezingeni elijwayelekile. Lolu hlelo luthuthukise kakhulu ububanzi bezintuthwane maqondana nenethiwekhi ye-3G futhi yilobu buchwepheshe lapho inethiwekhi yeselula iqala ukuba nekhwalithi, isivinini nokuzinza kwenethiwekhi ye-fiber optic, isekela izinsizakalo ezinkulu zokusakaza ngaphandle kokulandelwa, ukuxhumana nomphakathi nemifanekiso yencazelo ephakeme njalo.
5G
Ekugcineni, isizukulwane sesihlanu se-5G sesifikile. Le nethiwekhi, ifike kwinto engaziwa ka-2020, isho ukweqa okukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, ngesivinini okungenani esiphindwe kayikhulu kunaleso samanethiwekhi angaphambilini, ukuzinza okukhulu namandla amakhulu okusingatha inani elikhulu labasebenzisi okungenzeka.
I-5G futhi ivula umnyango we-Intanethi wezinto: izimoto, izindlu, izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezakhiwo zonke kungagcina sekukhaliphile, kunikwe amandla kusuka kunethiwekhi ukuze kube lula ngathi.
Inethiwekhi ye-5G ayiyona nje iqoqo elisha lama-antenna, kepha ukuguqulwa kwepharadigm okuzothinta kakhulu yonke i-oda lethu lomphakathi. Amadolobha ahlakaniphile, ukulandwa okusheshayo kwedatha eningi, nokuthuthwa kwamarobhothi kuzosisunduzela enkathini entsha engalindelekile.
Kule vidiyo elandelayo ungabona isifinyezo esilula sawo wonke amanethiwekhi weselula atholakala kuwo wonke umlando kanye namathuba amasha avulwa inethiwekhi ye-5G. Kuze kube manje indatshana yethu nge izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi weselula. Sizobonana maduze.