I-Los izinhlobo ze-topologies yenethiwekhi nezici zazozakha imephu ebonakalayo yenethiwekhi, ebavumela ukuthi bashintshisane ngemininingwane nolwazi. Kulesi sihloko uzokwazi ukufunda kabanzi ngalesi sihloko esithandekayo.
Izinhlobo ze-topologies yenethiwekhi nezici zazo
Lapho kukhulunywa ngalesi sihloko emhlabeni wekhompyutha, kubhekiswa esakhiweni nasekwakhiweni kwemephu ebonakalayo nenengqondo abasunguli nabadidiyeli bohlelo abasebenzisa ngayo ukushintshanisa idatha ngohlelo lwenethiwekhi.
Izinhlobo ze-topology yenethiwekhi nezici zazo zinokusetshenziswa okuvumela ama-node ahlukahlukene (amakhompiyutha, amaphrinta, amaseva, ama-hubs, amaswishi nama-routers) ukuthi axhumeke komunye nomunye, ukuze kuthunyelwe idatha nolwazi kulowo nalowo.
Iqukethe lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-topology ebonakalayo, kuyindlela ukuxhumana kwamakhebuli abizwa ngokuthi abezindaba, phakathi kwama-node, kanye ne-topology enengqondo lapho kuchazwa khona indlela abaphathi abangena ngayo kwabezindaba. Bona kanjani Yakha ikhebula lenethiwekhi
Ukukubeka ngamanye amagama, kuyindlela eyakhelwe ngayo inethiwekhi. Lo mqondo uhlobene nenhlangano nokuxhuma kwamadivayisi nemishini evumela ukuhanjiswa kwedatha nolwazi ezindaweni ezithile.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-topology yenethiwekhi kanye nezici zazo, ezenza ngayinye ibe ukwakheka kwesistimu ehlukile kwenye. Lo mkhakha wenziwa abahleli bezinhlelo abahlukahlukene okufanele bazi amakhodi ahlukahlukene futhi baphathe ulimi oluthile lwekhompyutha yedijithali.
Ukuhlanganiswa, uhlobo lwe-topologies yenethiwekhi kanye nezici zazo kuvumela ukusungula ukuthi ungaxhuma kanjani insiza ye-inthanethi kusuka kumhlinzeki nendlela yayo yokudlulisa ngomzila. I-topology ivumela ukusungulwa kwendlela okufanele kudluliswe ngayo ukuhanjiswa nokuthi kuzoqondiswa kuphi.
Idizayini ivumela ukuthi iswishi ixhunywe kolunye ushintshi noma i-router, okungaholela kumsingathi noma endaweni yokusebenza. Lokhu kwakha uhlobo lwamagatsha afana nesihlahla, kuyabongwa ukuthi i-router yokuqala idlulisela kanjani kuwo wonke amanye amadivayisi ngeziteshi.
Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zenethiwekhi zingathuthukiswa ngokusungula ukwakhiwa okuyisisekelo, okucishe kube njalo okuhlobene nokuhlangana phakathi kwezindawo. Ibanga phakathi kwabo linquma ukudluliswa noma iziteshi zemidiya. Kodwa-ke, into ngayinye yakha ukuxhumana okungokomzimba, amazinga okudlulisa kanye nesiginali kwesinye isikhathi kungathinta ukusebenza kahle kwenethiwekhi.
Izinto ezenza lesi senzo senzeke inethiwekhi yeseva, amadivayisi wenethiwekhi, ama-terminals kanye nesiteshi idatha ehamba ngaso ibizwa ngemidiya yezokuxhumana. Lezi zingxenye zivumela ukwakheka kwemephu yokwakha yohlelo lwenethiwekhi, olubizwa ngokuthi yi-topology yenethiwekhi. Sizobe sesibona izinhlobo ze-topology yenethiwekhi nezimpawu zazo ngezansi.
Yini topologies?
Emhlabeni wamanethiwekhi, abahleli bezinhlelo nabathuthukisi babheka kuphela izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili ze-topology yenethiwekhi nezimpawu zazo lapho kuhlelwa nokwakhiwa kwamanethiwekhi. Lezi izihlahla noma ezokulandelana, ibhasi, indandatho noma isiyingi, inkanyezi, imesh, nePhoyinti ukukhomba, ake sibone.
Isihlahla, ukulandelana ngokulandelana noma isihlahla
Lolu hlobo lwe-topology lubonakala njengeqoqo lamanethiwekhi abunjwe ngenkanyezi kepha ahleleke kakhulu. Ngokuya ngesigaba salo sobukhosi, ukwakhiwa kusungulwa ngokususelwa kuzindawo zomuntu ngamunye ezibizwa ngamaqabunga. Ama-node adlulisa futhi athola idatha kusuka kwenye i-node futhi awuphathi ukuphindaphinda. Ihluke kakhulu kwezinye izingqikithi lapho zibophezeleke ekusabalaliseni kuphela.
Ama-node ngamanye ahlukanisiwe kunethiwekhi ngephutha elibangelwa endleleni yokuxhuma kwe-node uqobo. Ukwehluleka kuvumela ukuhlukanisa i-node yeqabunga, kepha uma isixhumanisi esiphelele sehluleka, isigaba singahlukaniswa sibangele uhlobo oluthile lokudluliswa kokudluliswa.
Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yethrafikhi eyeqile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ama-node aphakathi nendawo asiza ukugcina imenyu yolwazi ehlukile kunaleyo exhunywe kwinethiwekhi. Kwakhiwa isakhiwo senethiwekhi esidlulisa amaphakethe wedatha kuwo wonke ama-node, esivumela ukuthi sisetshenziswe njengezixhumi.
Ibhasi
Ebizwa nangokuthi "umsele ojwayelekile", "ulayini" noma "umugqa", kungenye yezinhlobonhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu ezikhona ezinhlotsheni zezinethiwekhi zokuqina nezici zayo, kubhekwa njengokulula ukwakhiwa. Isakhiwo siqukethe isiteshi sokuxhumana se-PtP esixhuma abasebenzisi futhi sibaxhumanise njalo phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili okugcina.
Isebenza ngokufana nalokho okubizwa ngothayela okusetshenziswa izingane ukudlala nokuxhumana. Lapho uhlelo lokuxhumana ngocingo lwenziwa ngendlela eshintshiwe, kusungulwa isiyingi esihlala njalo. Ngamagama aqondakalayo, isebenza ngokufana nocingo, lapho ihlelwa kuphela ukwenza izingcingo zenombolo ethile futhi unomphela.
Lokhu ukuxhumana kuhlala kuze kudingeke, kungakhishwa lapho kudingeka. Kufana nokuqaqa ukuxhumana kohlelo, ngemuva kokwenza umsebenzi bese kunqanyulwa.
Iringi, isiyingi noma iringi
Yinethiwekhi ekuvumela ukuthi uhlele futhi u-oda amanethiwekhi ngendlela ezinze kakhudlwana. I-node ngayinye ixhuma namanye ama-node akha ukudluliswa okukodwa nokuxhumana. Ngemuva kwalokho kwenziwa indlela eyingqayizivele phakathi kwezindawo ezivumela ukuphatha amaphakethe wedatha ngamanye.
I-topology yezindandatho ingahle ihlangane noma ngabe kukhona ithrafikhi nhlangothi zombili noma ijike ngendlela eyisiyingi, yakha uhlobo lwendandatho. Ingabuye yakhiwe ngendlela eya ngapha nangapha, lapho iringi ivumela khona ukunikeza indlela eyodwa phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili.
Lezi zindlela zokudlulisa kwesinye isikhathi zingaphazamiseka uma amanye ama-node enenkinga. Phakathi kwezinzuzo ukuthi idivayisi ngayinye iyakwazi ukufinyelela ithokheni, inethuba lokudlulisa ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Akudingi i-node emaphakathi ukuphatha ukuxhumana phakathi kwamakhompyutha. Iphinde ivumele amadivayisi ukumisa uhlelo lwe Ukwenza izinto ngamehlo ngokususa ikhebuli kuphela.
Estrella
Izinhlobo ze-topologies nezimpawu zazo zivumela ukuthi zinikeze ukumiswa okuhlukahlukene ngokuya ngezidingo zomsebenzisi noma zenkampani. Kulokhu, inkanyezi inkanyezi noma inkanyezi njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, kukhawula amathuba okuwa kwenethiwekhi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuxhuma wonke ama-node ku-node emaphakathi.
Le node emaphakathi ithumela ukuhanjiswa okutholayo kunoma iyiphi i-node peripheral nakuwo wonke ama-node asenethiwekhi. Ama-node we-peripheral ayaxhumana, adlulisa kuphela kusuka ku-node emaphakathi. Ukube bekunephutha kulayini wokuxhuma wanoma iyiphi i-node, i-node emaphakathi ibingadala ukwahlukaniswa kwayo kuphela
Inkinga kuphela ukuthi i-node emaphakathi ivuselelwe isekela inani elikhulu lomgwaqo. Ngalesi sizathu, lolu hlobo lwe-topology yesakhiwo lwenethiwekhi luyanconywa ezinhlelweni ezincane hhayi ezinhlelweni zokudlulisa ezakha inani lethrafikhi nevolumu eningi ekuthumeleni nasekwamukeleni idatha.
Mesh
Le topology yenethiwekhi iyindlela yokuxhuma efana neyangaphambilini lapho i-node ngayinye ixhunywe kuwo wonke ama-node. Ivumela ukuthwala imiyalezo isuka kwesinye isigodi iye kwesinye ngokusebenzisa iziteshi ezahlukahlukene. Lapho inethiwekhi yemesh ixhumeke ngokuphelele, akukho ukuphazamiseka ekuxhumaneni. Iphinde ivumele iseva ngayinye ukuthi isungule ukuxhumana kwayo namanye amaseva.
Inzuzo kulolu hlobo lwe-topology yenethiwekhi kanye nezici zayo ukuthi ayakhelwanga nge-node emaphakathi, lokhu kudala isibikezelo lapho ukwehluleka kunqunyelwe khona. Ukuvumela isondlo isikhathi eside. Enye inzuzo ukuthi uma ukuxhumana kunyamalala, akuthinti ama-node wenethiwekhi.
Inethiwekhi yemesh inokwethenjelwa kakhulu, inciphisa ukudilizwa, nokuzethemba kuyabekezelela ukwehluleka okuphezulu. Okunye ukungalungi kwalolu hlobo lwetopology yenethiwekhi ukuthi kubiza kakhulu ukufaka. Zidinga ukuxhumeka kwesimo ngasinye sawo wonke amanye ama-node.
Lokhu kuvumela ukwandisa izixhumi ezibanzi ezinkulu kunalezo umuntu ngamunye okufanele abe nazo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlela i-topology ngokuya ngoxhumano olunentambo noma olungenantambo. Ukuphindeka kwemizila eya endaweni efanayo kunciphisa imvamisa yokuvela kokuhluleka.
Omunye wemiphumela emibi kubangela izindleko ezengeziwe zokufakwa zingaba phezulu lapho uzama ukusungula inethiwekhi ngezintambo. Lokho abakuholelayo ukusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu lezinsizakusebenza phakathi kwalezo okwaziyo Ungaxhuma kanjani kunethiwekhi ukuthola isakhiwo esinenzuzo enkulu.
Iphuzu ngephuzu
Ebizwa nangokuthi "iPoint to Point Protocol" noma "Peer-to-Peer", imele izinhlobo zezinethiwekhi ze-topologies nezimpawu zazo, ezisebenzisa amanethiwekhi amade (WAN), ama-algorithms wokuxhuma ayinkimbinkimbi ngandlela thile. Amaphutha alungiswa ezindaweni eziphakathi nasemaphethelweni.
Amanethiwekhi e-point-to-point yilawo aphendula kuhlobo lokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi lapho isiteshi ngasinye sedatha sisetshenziselwa ukuxhumana ngamakhompyutha amabili kuphela, ngokusobala okuphikisana namanethiwekhi we-multipoint, lapho isiteshi ngasinye sedatha singasetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nezindawo ezahlukahlukene.
Amadivayisi wenethiwekhi enza ngokufanayo nangamabili ngawodwa. Idivayisi ngayinye ithatha indima ye-emitter noma umamukeli. Ukuxakaniseka kwalolu hlelo kukuvumela ukuthi usungule ukuzimela esicelweni semiyalezo. Izindima zivame ukuhlehliswa bese owemukelayo abe ngumthumeli.
Iziteshi zithola kuphela imiyalezo ekhishwa yizindawo zenethiwekhi. Bakhomba isiteshi sokutholwa ngokwekheli lokuthumela. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-node kwenziwa ngohlelo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lokudlulisa. Lokhu kungabathumela ngejubane elihlukile, kubavumele ukuthi basebenze ngokufana. Ama-node aphakathi nendawo angenza ithrafikhi isuselwa ohlotsheni lomyalezo oluthumelayo.
Ukubambezeleka kungenxa yokuhamba kwemiyalezo ngezindawo eziphakathi. Izindleko zokufakwa zixhomeke enanini lezintambo ezidingekayo ekuxhumekeni okuyinhloko nenombolo yezixhumanisi eziphakathi kokuxhumeka.