Ungalwenza kanjani uhlelo lwe-pc? Igxathu emvakwe gxathu!

Funda kuso sonke lesi sihloko Ungalwenza kanjani uhlelo nge-pc igxathu negxathu? Yonke imininingwane lapha! Njengamanje kuhle ukwazi okuncane ngohlelo, ngakho-ke akuwona umqondo omubi ukwazi inqubo ngendlela elula futhi esebenzayo ngale ndatshana.

/ Ungalakha kanjani uhlelo lwe-PC?

Okokuqala kufanele sikuqonde ukuthi kungukuhlela futhi lokhu kubhekisa kunqubo esebenzisa i-algorithm futhi iyifaka encwadzini, ulimi oluhlelayo ukuze lwenziwe yikhompyutha. Okokuqala ukudinga isixazululo. Ngaphandle kwama-algorithms ngabe azikho izinhlelo.

Ukuhlela isayensi akuyona ucwaningo lohlelo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izinhlelo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi owenziwa ososayensi bamakhompyutha. Ukuhlela kaningi kuyindlela esenza ngayo izethulo zezixazululo. Ngakho-ke le nkulumo yolimi kanye nenqubo yalo yokudala iba yizinto eziyisisekelo zesiyalo.

I-algorithm ichaza ikhambi lenkinga ngokususelwa kudatha edingekayo ukumela inkinga. Izilimi ezihlela kufanele zinikeze indlela yokumela izinqubo nedatha. Ngale njongo, ulimi luhlinzeka ngezakhiwo zokulawula nezinhlobo zedatha.

Isakhiwo sokulawula sivumela izinyathelo ze-algorithm ukuthi zivezwe ngendlela elula kepha engaqondakali. Okungenani, i-algorithm idinga ukwenza ukucubungula okulandelanayo, idale izakhiwo ezisebenzisanayo zokukhetha izinqumo, nokulawulwa okuphindaphindwayo. Inqobo nje uma ulimi lunikeza le miyalo eyisisekelo, lungasetshenziswa ukumela ama-algorithms.

Siqhubekela phambili ekwakheni uhlelo. Kumele siqale sicabangele izinga lokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kwezinhlelo ukuze sikwazi ukubona ukuthi azisagcini kuma-PC, futhi singazibona kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene.
Izinga lokulawulwa kwalezi zinhlelo liphezulu kakhulu, futhi lisetshenziswa cishe kuwo wonke amadivayisi kagesi namuhla, kusuka kumaselula kuya ezimotweni zesimanje. Akungabazeki ukuthi umhlaba wethu ubhekene nezinguquko ezinkulu ezicishe zashintsha izimpilo zethu. Isidingo sokwenza izinhlelo ezintsha yisici esisobala kakhulu.
Kungani ungafundi ukudala uhlelo lwakho? Uma unentshisekelo kulokhu, ungakhathazeki, ngoba ngezansi ungathola isingeniso esifushane emkhakheni wohlelo, olungele izinhlelo ezenza ukuthi eminye yemibono yakho yenzeke.

Zibuze ukuthi uhlelo lwakho luzoba yini

Ngaphandle kokungabaza, ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukwenza uhlelo lwakho, enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ube nokuqonda okucacile kwalokho esikufunayo. Umqondo omkhulu wohlelo ukwenza umsebenzi wokukhuthaza imizamo yabasebenzisi, ngakho-ke, singasebenzisa uhlelo lwethu njengesiqalo, yimiphi imisebenzi okufanele siyenze futhi iyiphi indlela ephumelela kakhulu.

Ngalokhu engqondweni, singalinganisa impumelelo yohlelo lwethu ngokususelwa ekusebenzeni kwalo kubasebenzisi abalusebenzisayo. Lapho sihlela izinqubo, singabona:

• Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola imisebenzi evame ukwenziwa ngabantu kwikhompyutha nsuku zonke. Ngale ndlela, ungenza uhlelo luhambisane nezidingo ezikhona bese uzama ukuthola indlela yokwandisa inqubo, ukuze umsebenzisi angasebenzi kanzima.
• Ungalahli noma yimiphi imibono ocabanga ngayo, zama ukubhala phansi yonke imibono ocabanga ngayo. Ekuqaleni ungacabanga ngokuthile okuthusayo noma okungajwayelekile, kepha lo mbono ungakwenza udale okuthile okuwusizo nokuyizinto ezintsha. Kungakuthakazelisa:Izinhlelo eziqondiswe entweni

Bhala phansi imibono evela kwezinye izinhlelo esezivele zakhiwe

Asikhulumi ngokweba nhlobo, kepha kuyindlela ephelele yokuthola ukuthi uhlelo lwakho alukho noma ucabanga ukuthi kunendlela engcono yokwenza lo msebenzi. Uma ucabanga ngezinkinga abanye abantu abazidalile lapho ucabanga ngohlelo, ungathola indawo yokuqala egxile kuhlelo.

Futhi ungaklama uhlelo olufana nolunye uhlelo enetheni, inqobo nje uma inezici zalo futhi yakhelwe ngokuphelele nguwe, lapho-ke ngeke kube nankinga nge-copyright, ngoba lokhu kungasetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kuphela.

Dala idokhumenti yokuklama

Yize lokhu kungabonakala kulula, iqiniso ukuthi kwenza okuningi kakhulu kunalokho. Lapho ucabanga ukuthi ungalubhala kanjani uhlelo bhala phansi yonke imibono yakho, lokhu kuzokusiza ukugxila kumqondo oyinhloko.

Ngaphezu kokusethelwa ukuhlangabezana nezinhloso eziyinhloko zohlelo, ungalusebenzisa futhi ukuchaza zonke izici nezinhloso zohlelo kuphrojekthi. Imvamisa lokhu kubonakala kuyinkimbinkimbi kepha kunezifundo eziningi kwi-inthanethi zokuthi ungazakha kanjani amadokhumenti wokuklama, ngakho-ke udinga ukubheka kuphela ukuqala ukwakha amadokhumenti.

Qala ngento elula

Iphutha elilodwa abantu abaningi abafuna ukuqala emkhakheni wezinhlelo abazenzayo ukuklama okuthile okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ukuze bazi. Uma usuvele unolwazi oluthile futhi wakhe izinhlelo phambilini, akufanele kube yinkinga ukuklama uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Kepha izinhlelo eziningi zokuqala azikabi nawo amakhono okwenza izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Uma ngabe udaba lwakho kungumuntu osanda kuqala uhlelo kepha engafundile ngokuphelele ekhompyutheni, indlela engcono ukucabanga ngokwakha idizayini elula ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uzuze ulwazi kanye nokwenza okuncane kunqubo. Lapho uqala kulula, lokhu futhi kunika amandla wokunweba ukudala kwakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke kuyazuzisa noma kunjalo.

Funda ulimi lokuhlela

Uma uhlela uhlelo okokuqala ngqa, enye yezingxenye ezinzima kunazo zonke kuzodingeka ubhekane nazo ukufunda ulimi lohlelo. Iqiniso ukuthi kunezilimi eziningi emhlabeni wezinhlelo, ngakho-ke inketho engcono kakhulu yokufunda ulimi olulodwa kuphela ekuqaleni.

Yize izinhlelo zingakhiwa ngosizo lwezinye izinhlelo, zisinikeza ngezilimi zokuhlela, kepha ukufunda izilimi ezithile ngqo kungenza kube lula ngathi ukuthi sakhe ezinye izinhlelo ngokuzayo.

Isihleli sombhalo

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi kufanele kube khona umhleli wombhalo omuhle, ngoba empeleni, zonke izinhlelo ezizokwakhiwa kufanele ziqale zibhalwe kumhleli wombhalo bese "zihlanganiswa" ukuze ikhompyutha eyodwa noma enye Idivayisi eyisebenzisayo .

Uma ungenalo ikhono lokulanda noma yiluphi uhlelo lokuhlela umbhalo, ungakhathazeki, ngoba ngokuzenzakalela ikhompyutha yethu isebenzisa i-Notepad noma i-TexEdit. Kodwa-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ulande abanye abahleli bombhalo, okufanele babe nale misebenzi elandelayo: I-Notepad ++, i-JEdit, noma i-Sublime Text.

Esinye sezizathu sakho konke lokhu ukwenza ikhodi eyakhiwe ngokubonakalayo ibe lula ukuyicubungula futhi ngaleyo ndlela yakhe izinhlelo. Inzuzo yezilimi ezithile ezihlelayo (njengeVisual Basic) ukuthi zinezihleli zazo zombhalo nesihlanganisi, konke kuphakeji elilodwa lokulanda.

Izinhlelo zekhodi

Kufanele kucace ukuthi uhlelo ngalunye lwakhiwe ngezinhlelo zekhodi eziqondanisiwe, ezingaba nzima kakhulu noma zibe lula. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma sifuna ukudala izinhlelo zethu, kufanele sibe nokuqonda okuyisisekelo kwalawa makhodi. Lawa makhodi aqoqwe ngegama lolimi lohlelo, futhi maningi. Okuvame kakhulu esingakuqokomisa:

C: Olokuqala lulwimi olulula futhi oluqondakala kalula, olusebenzisana kakhulu nengxenye yomzimba (yehadiwe) yekhompyutha yethu. Yize ingenye yezindala kunazo zonke, kusengenye yezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni namuhla.

I-C ++: uma isici sayo esiyinhloko ukuthi singabhekiswa entweni, bekungenzeki enguqulweni yaso yangaphambilini "C". Njengamanje, ulimi olusetshenziswa kakhulu ngokungangabazeki yi-C ++, futhi cishe yonke isoftware ehamba phambili emakethe yenziwa ngalolu limi. Isibonelo esihle isiphequluli esithi "Chrome" kanye nohlelo lokuhlela isithombe "Photoshop".

IJava: Cishe uke wezwa ngeJava, okuyinguqulo ethuthukile yeC ++, futhi yaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwayo okunamandla lapho kuklanywa izinhlelo. Cishe wonke amakhompyutha ahambisana neJava, futhi ngaphandle kwesistimu yokusebenza, iJava ingasetshenziswa ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Iqiniso liwukuthi, iJava isetshenziswa kakhulu emidlalweni yevidiyo nakwisoftware yebhizinisi, kepha ikhono lakho lokuyisebenzisa aligcini ezindaweni ezithile.

C #: Lolu wulimi olukhethekile ngoba lukhomba amadivayisi anohlelo lwe- "Windows", kepha uma ubheka iningi labantu abasebenzisa lolu hlelo lokusebenza, abanankinga nokwanda. Kungashiwo ukuthi lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yolimi lweJava ne-C ++, ngakho-ke uma ulwazi kahle lolu limi olungenhla, kuzoba lula ukulifunda. Isetshenziswa kakhulu lapho kwenziwa izinhlelo ezihloselwe ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo ye- "Windows", futhi ngithola lolu hlelo lokusebenza lusizo kakhulu.

Inhloso-C: "I-Apple" ifana nolimi lohlelo lweWindows olusetshenziselwa ukudala imikhiqizo, futhi ulimi lwenzelwe amadivayisi enkampani yakho. Uma umsebenzi wakho ukuklama izinhlelo ze-iPhone, i-iPad, kanye namakhompyutha we-Mac, lolu limi olwakho.

Umhlanganisi

Umhlanganisi noma utolika uvumela iqembu ukuthi liqonde ulimi lwethu lohlelo, ngakho-ke ukuba nolimi kubalulekile uma sihlela ukudala izinhlelo zethu. Okudingayo ukukhumbula ukuthi izilimi eziyinkimbinkimbi (njenge-C ++, Java, noma izilimi ezintsha kakhulu) zizodinga umhlanganisi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwenziwa ngokuguqula ikhodi esiyibhala ibe yifomethi ikhompyutha engayibona futhi iyenze.

Yize lokhu kuzwakala kulula, iqiniso ukuthi njengamanje kukhona inani elikhulu labahlanganisi, ngakho-ke kufanele sicabangele okuguqukayo okuningi lapho sikhetha okukodwa. Ngokuvamile, kunconywa ukuthola i-compiler engabona kahle ulimi ngokuya ngohlobo lolimi esilusebenzisayo, kepha futhi kufanele sicabangele amandla wemishini yethu nokuhambisana kwayo namanye amadivayisi.

Noma kunjalo, amakhompyutha amaningi angasebenzisa ezinye izilimi ukuhumusha lezi zilimi ngaphandle kwesihlanganisi. Lokhu kwenzeke ngoba bafake utolika osebenzisa lolu limi, izibonelo eziphambili uPerl noPython.

Funda izisekelo zohlelo

Akunandaba ukuthi ukhetha luphi uhlobo lolimi, ekugcineni kuzodingeka uqonde ezinye izisekelo zohlelo njengoba lokhu kubalulekile lapho usebenzisa lolu limi. Ukwazi ukuqonda uhlelo lolimi olisebenzisayo kukunikeza ithuba lokwakha izinhlelo ezinamandla ngokwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, sidale uhlu oluncane olunemiqondo ethile ejwayelekile endaweni yohlelo:

1. Memezela okuguqukayo: Singachaza okuguquguqukayo njengedatha ephethwe okwesikhashana kuhlelo. Inamandla okusindiswa, iguqulwe futhi iqhutshwe uhlelo lwethu nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, futhi ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa izinhloso ezahlukahlukene.
2. Izimemezelo ezinemibandela: Okungashiwo ngokuthi "uma, kungenjalo, nini", lezi zimemezelo zenza imisebenzi eyisisekelo yohlelo ngendlela echazwe ngaphambilini. Imvamisa basebenza ngomqondo futhi njalo basebenzisa izitatimende "eziyiqiniso noma ezingamanga" ukwenza izenzo ukunquma ukuthi ngabe okuthile kulungile noma akulungile.
3. Amaluphu: Amaluphu amafayela akuvumela ukuthi uphinde imisebenzi eyenziwe wuhlelo izikhathi eziningana. Bazoqhubeka nokuphinda inqubo kuze kukhishwe umyalo wokumisa umjikelezo.

Buza abanye abantu

Ezinsukwini zokuqala, udinga ukuvakashela abantu abanolwazi futhi ubuze imibuzo ngqo. Ngenhlanhla, namuhla i-Intanethi isibe yithuluzi lokusabalalisa ulwazi elingakholeki, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukufinyelela abanye ukuze bakusize uqhubeke.

Kumele sikuqonde ukuthi kunokuningi okubi okwenzekile nokuhlaba ikhefu lapho wenza izinhlelo, ikakhulukazi uma kungokokuqala ofuna ukudala. Ngalezi zizathu, kunconywa ukuthi ufune usizo lapho kunzima ukunqoba.

Thuthukisa uhlobo lwakho

Lapho usutholile ukuthi hlobo luni lohlelo ofuna ukulwakha, unolwazi oludingayo ukuze uthuthukise futhi ucacise imibuzo yakho. Umsebenzi olandelayo ukuqala ingxenye yangempela nokwakha uhlobo lohlelo. Empeleni, uhlobo oluthile kufanele luqukethe yonke imisebenzi ezofakwa kuhlelo, kepha uma ungakakulungeli noma kunzima kakhulu kuwe, ungaqala ngemisebenzi esemqoka lolu hlelo olususelwe kuyo.

I-prototype izokwakhiwa kusetshenziswa ulimi oluthile lohlelo, izoba nemibono eminingi eyisisekelo yohlelo futhi izokwenziwa yidivayisi ethile. Ngaphandle kwenqubekela phambili enkulu okumele siyikhumbule ukuthi ama-prototypes ngokuvamile akhiqiza amaphutha amaningi, futhi umsebenzi oyinhloko ukusikhombisa ama-prototypes nokuwaxazulula.

Qala ngomsebenzi wakho oyinhloko

Kufanele uhlale ugxile ekuzameni ukuhlangabezana nemibono nezidingo zohlelo lwakho, ngakho-ke uhlobo oluklama kufanele lugxile ekhonweni lokwenza lo msebenzi. Ngokufanelekile, kufanele uqale ukubhala uhlelo oludingekayo ukuze usebenzise lo msebenzi ngempumelelo, bese ungeza eminye imisebenzi kuhlelo.

Imvamisa kulesi sigaba, imininingwane ebhekwa njengokuncane ngokuvamile ayinakwa, ngoba umsebenzi wethu ukwenza imisebenzi emikhulu iqhubeke ngokujwayelekile. Yize lokhu kubonakala kubambezela umsebenzi wethu, iqiniso ukuthi yenza lula inqubo yokwenza prototyping, ngoba uma kufanele kwenziwe izinguquko ezithile kukhodi ngenxa yezimbungulu, uma kulula, kuzoba lula ukuyishintsha.

Sebenzisa ukwesekwa okuvela kwabanye

Iqiniso ukuthi lapho wenza uhlelo wedwa umsebenzi uzoba nzima kakhulu futhi noma ngabe ulula kuzoba namathuba angaphezu kwelilodwa futhi uzodinga umuntu ozokusiza. Futhi, uma usesigabeni sokubonisa, lesi kuzoba yisikhathi esihle sokwakha iqembu njengoba ukwazi ukuthola izimbungulu ezingaba khona ohlelweni ndawonye.

Udinga futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuvumela abantu abaningi bacabange ngezici ezintsha zokuhlela kungakusiza ukuthi uthole imibono engase ingenzeki lapho usebenza wedwa.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho kwenziwa uhlelo, akudingekile ukuthi kube neqembu labasebenzi, ikakhulukazi lapho kwenziwa iphrojekthi encane kakhulu futhi umzamo omningi awudingeki. Kodwa-ke, uma sisizwa abanye, isikhathi esidingekayo ukuqeda inqubo sizoncishiswa kakhulu.

Ungesabi ukuqala phansi

Lapho wenza isibonelo, ungaqaphela ukuthi uhlelo lwakho aluyona into oyifunayo. Uma umphumela wehlukile kulokho ofuna ukukuthola, kwenze futhi ngaphandle kokungabaza lapho kudingeka.

Ngoba uhlelo lwethu lusesezigabeni zalo zokuqala futhi kufanele ube nomqondo ocacile walokho esifuna ukukufeza, akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokususa uhlobo lwamanje bese uqala phansi. Sicabanga ukuthi leli phuzu selifikile, sinokuqonda okuyisisekelo kolimi nemiqondo esetshenzisiwe, ngakho-ke akufanele kuthathe izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-3-4 ukudala uhlobo olusha.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokushintsha uhlelo, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukushintsha izici ezibalulekile ekugcineni kohlelo.

Qiniseka ukubhala konke

Indlela elula kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-syntax yokuphawula ngolimi lohlelo ukuze ukwazi ukushiya amazwana emigqeni yekhodi oyibhalile. Lokhu kwenziwa ukukhumbula ukuthi uhlelo ludinga ukugxila emsebenzini futhi likuvumela ukuthi ushiye iphrojekthi okwesikhashana, lapho ubuya ungafunda le miyalo ukukhumbula okwenzayo bese ushiya.

Ngokufanayo, nakwabanye onjiniyela, lokhu futhi kuyinzuzo, ngoba bangaqonda kalula ikhodi oyidizayinayo, ezoba wusizo kakhulu uma usebenza eqenjini njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni.

Okunye ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile ongakunikeza la mazwana ukukhubaza okwesikhashana izingxenye ezithile zekhodi, ukuvumela ukuthi uhlole izindawo ezithile zohlelo. Ngemuva kwalokho ukubuyisa lezi zingxenye ezikhubazekile futhi, konke okumele ukwenze ukususa lawa mazwana asuka kukhodi.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Alpha

Lapho uhlobo olusebenzayo seluqedile into elandelayo okufanele yenziwe ukuluhlola ukuze luqonde ukukhula kwalo ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile bese uzama ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi konke kusebenza. Kuleli qophelo uhlobo lwethu oluphelele seluphelile, izinto eziningi ezingenziwa kufanele zibe zincane, futhi kubukeka kufana nomsebenzi wokuhlola kunokwakheka.

Lezi zinhlobo zokuhlolwa zivame ukukhonjiswa emphakathini ngemuva kokuziphasa. Ngokungafani nokuhlolwa kwe-beta, umuntu ohlola uhlelo kumele akhethwe ngokucophelela.

Thola ikhithi yokuhlola

Ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-alpha, kuyadingeka ukwethula lolu hlelo kwabanye, abazolusebenzisa njengoba abathengi abajwayelekile belusebenzisa. Kunconywa ukuthi leli qembu lincane kakhulu, futhi kungcono ukuthi lihlanganiswe ngabantu abanolwazi oluhle kulolu hlelo ukuze bakwazi ukubona amaphutha noma ukukhubazeka ohlelweni.

Enye inzuzo yokuhlolwa neqembu elincane labantu ukuthi ngaphezu kokukwazi ukuxhumana nesihloko ngasinye sokuhlola uzogxila kulwazi olutholakele. Futhi qaphela ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho wenza ushintsho futhi wenza inguqulo entsha yohlelo, udinga ukuthumela leyo nguqulo kumalungu eqembu lokuhlola, ngoba laba bantu bazoqhathanisa ushintsho oluvelayo bese benikeza imibono yokuthi ngabe ushintsho luhle noma lubi yini.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuthola amaphutha ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-alpha ukuvumela amalungu ukuthi azame ngokoqobo ukuphazamisa uhlelo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke ngenkathi kuqoshwa iphutha.

Yenza ukuhlolwa kwe-alpha okuningi ngokulandelana

Uma ungatholanga iphutha kuhlelo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuqala, noma ungazethembi, kungcono ukwenza izivivinyo eziningi zilandelana bese uzama ukuphoqa iphutha ukuthi livele. Phatha amaphutha njengephutha lonjiniyela, ngakho-ke uma kunethuba lokugwema amaphutha, kungcono wenze konke ukubikezela okungenzeka.

Ungazama ukudala amaphutha kukhodi yakho, okuyiphuzu elihle lokuqala. Futhi zama ukusebenzisa uhlelo ngokungalindelekile, futhi awusoze wazi ukuthi yini ebangele ukwehluleka. Ungagxila ngale ndlela: "Zama ukuqeda uhlelo ngazo zonke izindlela bese uvimbela lo monakalo ukuthi ungaphinde wenzeke."

Ezinye izindlela zokuzama ukulimaza uhlelo lwakho yilezi:

• Ngokwazi kwakho uhlelo lwakho luqhutshwa ikakhulukazi yizinto ezinjengezinsuku noma izibalo, zama ukwenza imisebenzi emikhulu kakhulu kulo. Lapho sikhuluma ngamadethi, ungazama ukuthola usuku olungasasebenzi noma olude kakhulu, olungaholela ekuphenduleni okungajwayelekile okudinga ukulungiswa.
• Ngakolunye uhlangothi uma uhlelo lwakho lubala izinombolo njenge-calculator luzozama ukufaka inani eliphakeme kakhulu noma lizozama uku-oda izinto ngokungalungile (isb. Lizoqoqa izinombolo eziningi ezingenazo izinombolo + -x% symbol).
• Enye indlela elula kakhulu yokusula amaphutha kuhlelo ukufaka okuguquguqukayo nedatha engalungile. Uma uhlelo lwethu lwenzelwe ukuqonda amagama, ungazama ukuthayipha inombolo bese ubona ukuthi uphendula uthini.
• Uma usuvele unayo i-interface yomsebenzisi ezinzile, ungazama ukuchofoza noma yikuphi. Yize lokhu kungabonakala kungubuwula, iqiniso ukuthi uhlelo lwethu alukwazi ukuphendula izicelo eziningi kangaka ngokushesha okukhulu.

Lungisa futhi ulungise amaphutha amakhulu

Okumangaze nokwamukela labo abadale uhlelo lokuqala kube yinani elikhulu lezimbungulu ezitholwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-beta. Ngakho-ke kule nqubo kufanele sichithe isikhathi esiningi silungisa iphutha ngalinye elitholakele, okuyinto ejwayelekile. Ukusikisela okuvamile kwabaqalayo ukuhlela amaphutha akho kuqala bese uzama ukuwalungisa ngokuya ngokubaluleka nobukhali babo.

Ngokuvamile, amaphutha ahlobene nomsebenzi oyinhloko wohlelo lwethu imvamisa axazululwa kuqala. Yize lezo ezihlobene nekhodi nazo zithathwa njengezibaluleke kakhulu, asiqondanga ukuthi zingathinta izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lwethu.

Faka izici

Uyawukhumbula umbhalo wedizayini esiwenzile phambilini? Zonke izici, izinhloso, kanye nemisebenzi yohlelo kungenzeka ivezwe lapha, futhi manje yisikhathi sokuyisebenzisa. Lesi sigaba bekufanele senze imisebenzi yethu eyinhloko isebenze ngokugcwele, ukuze sikwazi ukusebenzela ukuthuthukisa ezinye izingxenye zohlelo nokubheka ukuthi zisebenza kahle yini.

Akufanele wesabe ukwengeza izici, kepha kungumbono omuhle ukuthi ungaphambuki kude kakhulu nedizayini yokuqala owawunayo engqondweni. Iqiniso ukuthi enye yezinkinga ebonakala kabanzi namuhla ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene ezakhiwe ngabantu noma izinkampani ezingenalo ulwazi oluningi ukuphambuka kokugxila kwabo. Into ukuthi, ngokungeza izici eziningi kangaka ezintsha, uhlelo lwethu luhlukanisa isikhathi salo sokuthuthuka lube yizici eziningi kakhulu ezahlukahlukene.

Qalisa uhlelo lwakho

Esinye sezikhathi ezilindelwe kakhulu kubathuthukisi bezinhlelo yisikhathi lapho uhlelo lwethulwa kuwo wonke umuntu. Yize lesi sigaba sibonakala silula, iqiniso ukuthi siyinkimbinkimbi njengazo zonke izigaba ezedlule. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinkulungwane zemibukiso zikhonjiswa emphakathini nsuku zonke, ngakho-ke akulula ukwenza imibukiso yethu igqame.

Khangisa uhlelo lwakho

Ezimweni eziningi, sifuna uhlelo lwethu luqondwe ngabantu futhi lube nenani elikhulu labasebenzisi, ngakho-ke kudingekile ukuthi abantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka baqonde ubukhona bohlelo lwethu. Njenganoma yimuphi omunye umkhiqizo noma insizakalo etholakala emakethe, lezi zinhlelo zidinga nokukhangisa okuncane ukuze abantu bazazi ngokushesha.

Kodwa-ke, ukukhangisa kwethu kuzoqhubeka nokuvinjelwa noma kuthuthukiswe yizinto eziningi, ezinjengobubanzi nokujula kohlelo lwethu. Lokhu kuzophinde kuthinte kakhulu izinsiza zethu ezikhona, ngoba lezi zinsizakusivumela ukuthi sisebenzise amasu wokukhangisa amakhulu futhi sithole amathuluzi asebenza kahle futhi abizayo.

Sungula insizakalo yokusekela ngezobuchwepheshe

Lapho uhlelo lwakho luvulekele umphakathi, ngokungangabazeki uzohlangabezana nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe noma abasebenzisi abangaqondi ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani. Imibhalo eningiliziwe mayelana nalolu hlelo kanye neminye imisebenzi yalo yokusekelwa kufanele itholakale kuwebhusayithi yayo. Lokhu kungafaka izinkundla zokusekela ezobuchwepheshe, ama-imeyili wokusekela, usizo lwesikhathi sangempela, noma inhlanganisela yezinketho ezingenhla. Izinketho ozinikezayo zizoya ngemithombo yakho etholakalayo.

Buyekeza umkhiqizo wakho njalo

Njengamanje cishe zonke izinhlelo zinokulungiswa nezibuyekezo ezikhishwe isikhathi eside ngemuva kwenguqulo yokuqala. Lokhu kulungiswa kungalungisa izimbungulu ezinkulu noma ezincane, kuvuselele izivumelwano zokuphepha, kuthuthukise ukuzinza, kungeze imisebenzi, futhi kwenziwe futhi nobuhle bohlelo. Ukugcina uhlelo lukhona manje kuzosiza ekugcineni uhlelo luphansi.

Izinhlelo ezizohlelwa

Namuhla abantu abafuna ukudala izinhlelo banamathuluzi amaningi, njengalawo enzelwe izinhlelo. Lokhu kusengaphambili kuyindlela yenoveli, eletha izinzuzo nezinkinga ekusebenziseni, kepha akungabazeki ukuthi kulula ukuzisebenzisa, ngoba udinga ukwazi izinqubo zabo zokwenza kuphela.

Ngenhlanhla, iningi lonjiniyela banamuhla, ziningi zalezi zinhlelo, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wethu kuphela ukuthola uhlelo oluhle kakhulu ukuze sikwazi ukuzenzela olwethu uhlelo. Okudume kakhulu esingakusho yilawa:

IMicrosoft Visual Studio.NET

Akungabazeki ukuthi elinye lamathuluzi aphelele yiMicrosoft Visual Studio .NET, enemisebenzi eminingi lapho kuklanywa izinhlelo. Naphezu kokusebenza kwayo okuphelele ngokwedlulele, yathuthukiswa ukudala izinhlelo ngqo zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Uma ngabe sakha uhlelo olungasatshalaliswa kumasistimu amaningi asebenzayo namadivayisi, lokhu kungaba yinkinga.

Ithuluzi liphelele impela, ngaphezu kokukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ulimi lwakho futhi lungasinikeza ngezilimi eziningi ezihlelayo (ziyatholakala: C ++, Visual C # ne-Visual J #). Ngasikhathi sinye, sinikeza ukwesekwa, ngakho-ke sizohlinzeka ngosizo sisebenzisa noma yiluphi ulimi olutholakalayo.

Amathuba avunyelwe yi-Microsoft Visual Studio .NET cishe ayinamkhawulo, ngoba singakwazi ukuklama noma iyiphi iphrojekthi esiyicabangayo. Izicelo zabo azigcini kuzinhlelo zedeskithophu, ngoba singakwazi nokuthuthukisa izinsizakalo zewebhu, imidlalo, isoftware yezentengiso, nanoma yini enye esingayicabanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, singagcizelela ukuthi uhlelo lungalungela zonke izinhlobo ze-Windows, futhi lwenze lusebenze kwamanye amadivayisi aklanywe yinkampani.

I-Java SDK

Okokuqala, i- "Java" yazalwa ngolimi lohlelo, umsebenzi wayo omkhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inqobo nje uma unomshini we-Java, ukwakheka nokuthuthuka kohlelo kungasebenza cishe kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza. Unalokhu engqondweni, iJava igqame kakhulu ngokwesekwa ekuhlinzekayo, futhi muva nje isungule uhlelo lokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kokuqukethwe ngolimi lwayo.

Ukugxila okuyinhloko kohlelo ukuthi kuncike kancane kwamanye ama-software ukwenza izinhlelo ezenzelwe ukusebenzisa uhlelo, ezilusizo kakhulu kubathuthukisi ngoba badinga kuphela ukudala ikhodi yohlelo ngaphandle kwesihlanganisi. Ikhono lokulenza lisetshenziswe kwenye idivayisi.

Izibonelo zesoftware yokuthuthukisa

Isoftware yizo zonke izingxenye ezinengqondo uhlelo lwekhompiyutha ezingaba nazo, ezihambelana nehadiwe. Isoftware ikhona cishe kuwo wonke amadivayisi namuhla, njengamakhompyutha, izingcingo zethu, izimoto zesimanje, oveni bama-microwave, noma cishe noma iyiphi idivayisi enohlelo lwe-elekthronikhi. Ngokufanayo, isoftware yethulwa njengeqoqo lezinhlelo futhi inesibopho sokwenza imisebenzi ethile.

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuthuthuka kwayo kudivayisi, isoftware inesibopho sokwakha imininingwane yangaphakathi, ukuhlela nokugcina idatha, nokusebenzisa imiyalo eyahlukahlukene ukwenza imiyalo efunwa umsebenzisi. Yize isoftware ibonakala ilula, iqiniso ukuthi ingaba yinkimbinkimbi kune-hardware, ngoba amaphutha ekhodi yohlelo angaholela ekuhlulekeni okuningi, okwenza ukusetshenziswa kwesoftware kube yingozi kulabo abanobunzima bokuyiphatha. Isimo. Ukubalwa.

Namuhla kunezibonelo eziningi zokuthuthuka kwesoftware, okucishe kube yimpumelelo. Phakathi kwezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu okufanele sizicabangele futhi singasho:

• I-Apache Open Office
• IMac Os
• Photoshop
• Iprosesa ye-Google Amadokhumenti
• Skype
• Umbhali we-OpenOffice

Ungayakha kanjani isoftware?

Kusukela ekuqaleni besigxile ekubalulekeni kokwenza isoftware ngezindlela ezihlukile kanye nezidingo ezidingekayo ukuklama isoftware ngendlela efanele. Ngakho-ke, ekugcineni sizochaza indlela ehlukile kunendlela yangaphambilini yokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware sisebenzisa ifu njengethuluzi.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi isoftware enjalo yadalwa efwini kwakuyisizathu esiyinhloko, futhi isoftware kamuva yasetshenziswa kunethiwekhi futhi yahlanganiswa ngokuzenzakalela. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi ukungena kule software, kufanele futhi ube nokuxhumeka kwe-Intanethi, ngoba zonke izinhlelo ezisetshenziselwa ukusebenza kwayo zibanjwa kwi-Intanethi.

Sizobona isinyathelo ngesinyathelo indlela yokuklama isoftware, kulokhu sizosebenzisa ipulatifomu ye-velneo.

I-Paso 1

Okokuqala vula i-Visual C # enguqulweni ka-2010 "Express Edition". Le nguqulo ethile isetshenzisiwe ngoba inamathuluzi amaningi asebenziseka kalula. Ngemuva kwalokho sebenzisa izixhumanisi ekhasini lasekhaya leVelmeo ukudala iphrojekthi entsha, noma sebenzisa imenyu yefayela ukuklama iphrojekthi entsha.

I-Paso 2

Ngemuva kokulayisha ibhokisi leprojekthi, uzodinga ukukhetha isigaba sedivayisi ofuna ukusikhomba kuso. Kulokhu, sizokhetha i- "Windows Forms Application", ehumushela ku- "Windows Forms Application". Ngemuva kwalokho, faka igama lesoftware elizothuthukiswa, bese ukhetha inketho ethi "Kulungile" ukuqala ukwakhiwa.

Kusukela kuleli phuzu kuqhubeke, uzoqala ukusebenzisa indawo ejwayelekile ye- "Visual Studio", lapho uzobona khona ibhokisi lamathuluzi ngakwesobunxele, elizokusiza engxenyeni yentuthuko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikhungo sesikrini sisesimweni sesoftware, kanti ngakwesokudla yisakhiwo esijwayelekile sephrojekthi, lapho ungaguqula ezinye zezakhiwo zayo.

I-Paso 3

Sebenzisa ibhokisi lamathuluzi bese uhudulela amalebuli nezinkinobho kufomu lakho. Kuleli qophelo, kunconywa ukuthi udlule ezibonelweni eziphelele ngezinga elithile, ulingise ukwakheka kwewindi okusebenza kahle kwamanye amaphrojekthi aqediwe.

I-Paso 4

Ngemuva kwalokho, chofoza kabili inkinobho ukufinyelela ingxenye yokufaka amakhodi ezosebenziswa uhlelo lwethu. Ngale ndlela, "umcimbi" wenziwa ohlelweni lwethu, oluzobangelwa lapho umsebenzisi echofoza kabili inkinobho.

Esigabeni sokufaka amakhodi, ungafaka imiyalo ehlukile yokwenza imisebenzi ehlukile, kepha kulokhu, sizokwenza okuthile okulula. Ungabhala le khodi kusikrini sekhodi yenkinobho, esivumela yonke ikhodi ukuthi isebenze lapho umcimbi uxoshwa:

inkinobho engekho yangasese1_Clic (ukuthumela into, i-EventArgs e) {}

I-Paso 5

Ekugcineni, ukwenziwa kwesoftware kuqediwe ngokucindezela umyalo Ctrl + Shift + B. Lo myalo othile unomsebenzi wokuguqula yonke iphrojekthi obuyithuthukise ngaphambili yaba yikhodi engaqondwa noma iyiphi ikhompyutha. Ngemuva kokuthuthukisa le software, ungacindezela u- "F5" ekhasini elifanayo ukubona ukuthi isoftware isebenza kanjani kwikhompyutha yakho.

Ziya Kuphi Izilimi Zokuhlela?

Eminyakeni yamuva kuningi okushintshile. Kodwa-ke, inqubekela phambili kulo mkhakha wezilimi ezihlelayo iguquka kakhulu kunenguquko nsuku zonke. Kunemikhuba ebaluleke kakhulu ezosetha ithoni yokuhlelwa kokuklanywa kolimi, futhi lokhu sekuvele kunguquko.

Ukwakhiwa kwezilimi ezidume kakhulu

Izinhlelo ezisebenzayo

Lolu hlobo isitayela sohlelo olususelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezibalo. Kuyisisekelo semfundiso ngale ndlela yesitayela. Izibonelo zazo yi-LIsp, Haskell, ne-Erlang.

Ukuhlukahluka ngezilimi ezisebenzayo kuyafana nokuhlukahluka kwe-algebraic. Ngamanye amagama lokhu kumela inani elingaziwa ekuqaleni, kepha uma selaziwa aliguquki. Lawa ngamagama nje ezindawo zokugcina, futhi okuqukethwe kungafundwa futhi / noma kuguqulwe ngokuthanda ngoba okuguqukayo kwake kwanikezwa, izinhlelo ezisebenzayo zinemfanelo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-referential transparency.

Izilimi ezinamandla

Lolu wulimi olusezingeni eliphakeme elenza izenzo eziningi ezenziwa abanye ngokujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa isikhathi sokusebenza. Le misebenzi inamathisela futhi ihlole amakhodi, iguqula uhlelo lohlobo lwedatha, engeza izimfanelo ezintweni. Esinye sezizathu esenza abantu basebenzise lolu limi inani eliphezulu ekukhiqizeni.

Izinhlelo ezifanayo

Ukuthengiswa okukhulu kwenqwaba yamachips we-multicore ngo-2005 kwaholela ekupheleni kwesidlo sasemini samahhala. Esikhathini esedlule esingekude kakhulu, onjiniyela bangabhala izinhlelo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokusebenza kwabo, ngoba bayazi ukuthi esikhathini esifushane, i-hardware entsha ingaqhuba izinhlelo zayo ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuguqulwa (yingakho igama le-Free Lunch).

Umthetho kaMorey uthi inani lama-transistors aguquguqukayo ku-chip eyodwa liphindwe kabili cishe njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-18. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuhumushela ku-CPU esebenza phezulu megahertz ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokushisa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, lokhu kwanda kwejubane lewashi akusasimeme.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi uMthetho kaMorey awuselona iqiniso kepha okwenziwa abakhiqizi be-microprocessor manje ukusebenzisa lawa ma-transistor angeziwe ukufaka ama-cores amaningi ku-CPU. I-kernel ngokuyisisekelo iyunithi yokucubungula, efaka amarejista, amayunithi wokwenza, kanye ne-cache.

Izilimi eziningi

Kuze kube manje, lesi sixazululo solimi esisekela izitayela eziningi zohlelo noma ama-paradigms sisajwayelekile kakhulu. I-Ruby ne-Python yizilimi ezinamandla, eziqondiswe entweni, kepha futhi zinezinto ezivumela ukuthi zisetshenziswe njengezilimi ezisebenzayo. Isi-Erlang siwulimi olusebenzayo, oluhambisanayo futhi olusatshalaliswa. Ulimi lwe-Oz lusekela ukuqonda, ukusebenza, okugxile entweni, okususelwe ezinkingeni, okusatshalaliswa, kanye nokuhlelwa okufanayo.

Amapulatifomu ezinhlelo zanamuhla ajwayele ukuba ngaphezulu kwepulatifomu kunokusebenzisa nje ulimi olulodwa. Ngamanye amagama, manje njengoba sinabahleli bezinhlelo kanye / noma abathuthukisi bewebhu, abahleli bohlelo olukhuluma ngolimi olulodwa sebephelile. Isibonelo, abathuthukisi bewebhu kumele bazimisele ukuqedela umsebenzi, kufaka phakathi i-HTML, CSS, JavaScript. Lokhu konke kungokwenhlelo eseceleni kwamakhasimende, kuphela ohlangothini lweseva kuphela olungadinga ukuqonda i-SQL, uhlaka lolimi oluthile lohlelo, nolimi lwethempulethi ukukhiqiza okuqukethwe okunamandla.

Kunezigaba zokwenziwa kohlelo, lapha sizokhombisa ukuthi yiziphi ezakha eyodwa:

Incazelo yohlelo:

Lesi sigaba sinikezwa yisitatimende senkinga esidinga incazelo ecacile neqondile. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ikhompyutha yenzani. Yize kungacaci ngokuphelele, akunangqondo ukudlulela esigabeni esilandelayo.

Ukuhlaziywa kwenkinga:

Ngemuva kokuqonda izidingo zekhompyutha, udinga ukuchaza:

•  Faka imininingwane.
•  Yiluphi ulwazi ofuna ukukhiqiza (okukhiphayo)

Idizayini ye-algorithm:

Lezi izi:

• Kufanele ibe nesiqalo esithile.
• Kumele ichazwe, ukutolika okuphindwe kabili akuvunyelwe.
• Kufanele ibe yindawo yonke, okungukuthi, kufanele ihambisane neningi ingavela enkingeni, usayizi nesikhathi sokubulawa.
• Kumele zikhawulelwe.

Ukufaka ikhodi:

Lokhu kumane nje kungukusebenza kwesisombululo senkinga. Ziyizinkomba ezinemininingwane ezibizwa ngokuthi yimithombo yamakhodi. Lokho wukuthi, yimibhalo yolimi.

Ukuhlola nokulungisa iphutha:

Kunamaphutha amaningi abantu ezinhlelweni zekhompyutha, futhi kwanda kakhulu ngobunzima benkinga. Inqubo yokukhomba nokususa amaphutha nokuwaguqula abe yisixazululo esingenaphutha ibizwa ngokuthi ukulungisa iphutha. Isivivinyo sibandakanya ukufaka idatha kuze kube yilapho uhlelo lungenawo amaphutha, okuyi-syntax ne-logic ejwayelekile kakhulu.

Amadokhumenti:

Kuyisiqondisi esibhaliwe noma ukuxhumana ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kungaba ngesitatimende, izinqubo, amagrafu, noma amashadi. Imvamisa uhlelo olubhalwe ngumuntu oyedwa luzosetshenziswa ngomunye umuntu. Ngakho-ke, lo mbhalo usetshenziselwa ukukusiza uqonde noma usebenzise uhlelo noma ukwenza lula ukulungiswa okuzayo (ukugcinwa).

Lokhu kwehlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu:

• Imibhalo yangaphakathi
• Imibhalo Yangaphandle
• Ibhukwana del Usuario

Isondlo

Lapho kunesidingo sokwenza ushintsho kuhlelo, ululungise noma ulwengeze ukuze uqhubeke nokusebenza okujwayelekile, wenze lo msebenzi ngemuva kokuthi uhlelo seluphothuliwe. Ukwenza lo msebenzi, uhlelo kufanele luqoshwe kahle.

Amaqiniso afanele emlandweni wezilimi ezihlelayo

Yize abantu abaningi bengakwazi lokhu, namuhla ngaphandle kolimi oluhlelayo ngeke sikwazi ukuqonda umhlaba. Iqiniso ukuthi cishe yonke into esizungezile yakhiwe ngekhodi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zamaselula, amanethiwekhi omphakathi, imidlalo yevidiyo, izinhlelo zekhompyutha kanye nezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukubhala lolu hlelo zenziwe kusetshenziswa izilimi zokuhlela.

Ulimi lokuqala noma ulimi lohlelo lwazalwa ngo-1801 Lo msunguli waseFrance ubhekene nezinhlelo. Wayengeyena umsunguli ngoba kuningi okushintshile kusukela lapho, kepha kuyacaca ukuthi wakhe isethi yokuqala yemiyalo yekhompyutha.

Ngamanye amagama, ikhadi lakho elihlelwe lifakwa ku-loom futhi ikhadi lingafunda ikhodi yekhadi kanye nenqubo ezenzakalelayo futhi ichaze. Kusobala ukuthi konke kudalwa ukwakheka okuhlukile endwangwini, kepha lokhu kuvumela noma ngubani onekhadi le-loom ne-punch ukudala idizayini ngaphandle kokuthi abe ngungoti emkhakheni.

Abantu bacabanga ukuthi lolu wulimi lokuqala lohlelo ngoba lawa makhadi wezibhakela aqale asetshenziswa kumakhompyutha enziwe nguCharles Babbage futhi kamuva kuma-computer okuqala.

Olunye lwezilimi zokuqala zokuhlela kwaba ngoluka-Ada lovelace phakathi kweminyaka ka-1842 no-1843, wathembisa ukuhumusha izinkumbulo zomlingiswa ogama lakhe linguLuigi Menabrea, ngenkathi enza lokhu, wenza ulimi oluhlelayo lokubala ukubala uchungechunge lwezinombolo uBernoulli esebenzisa umshini kaBabbage.

Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva ngokufika kwezilimi ezintsha zokuhlela, uTuring wayiguqula ngokuphelele indlela yokubala ngomshini wakhe weTuring. Lo mshini ukhombisa ukuthi bangaxazulula noma iyiphi inkinga yezibalo nge-algorithm. Uma kune-algorithm umshini ungaxazulula inkinga.

Ngawo-1970, uMnu.John W Backus wasungula ulimi lokuqala lwezinhlelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi lezi zazisetshenziswa ngabadidiyeli boqobo, lokhu kwaba yindlela yokuphuma, ngoba kunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi lapho kubalwa umzila wensimbi, njengoba beqeda umsebenzi ngokushesha.

Imfezi

Ifika ngeminyaka ye-1959 njengokuphothulwa kwezinye izinhlelo eziningi zokuhlela. Futhi lokhu kuhloswe ngakho ukwenza ulimi oluyingqayizivele olungasetshenziswa kumakhompyutha. Ngama-60s kwakukhona amakhompyutha ahlukene ayengavumelani, ngakho-ke ngandlela thile izinkampani zazingaqasha abasebenzi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa abahlanganisi nezilimi zabo ezahlukahlukene abazisebenzisayo.

Okuyisisekelo

Yazalwa ngonyaka we-1964. Lesi yisethi yezilimi ezihlela nezinhlelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezazisetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokufundisa, futhi zazinamandla kangangokuba zaqala ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izinhlelo futhi namuhla kubaluleke kakhulu futhi zisasetshenziswa.

Easter

Leli ithuluzi lokufundisa lokuhlela, kepha ngokushesha kwaba ulimi lokuhlela lokwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Eqinisweni, yize isasetshenziswa namuhla, itholakala kancane kuhlelo lokusebenza, kepha ingabonakala ngokuhlangana nomhlanganisi weFree Pascal esikoleni sohlelo.

I-HTML, iPython neVisual Basic

Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi ye- "patching" enabahlanganisi abagxile entweni nasezilimini zokuhlela, iminyaka ye-Intanethi isifikile. Lapha, ulimi lohlelo lwenze inqubekela phambili enkulu, yize "kungekho okusunguliwe okusha okusunguliwe", imibono emidala isikhulile.

IJava, iJavaScript ne-PHP

Ngokuyisisekelo, akhona kuma-50% wamakhasi ewebhu nakuzinhlelo eziningi. Yize kwenziwe imizamo yokuyeka ukusetshenziswa kwezilimi ezintsha, iJava neJavaScript zisabaluleke kakhulu. Ngokufika kwama-2000s, kwavela izilimi ezintsha zohlelo ezifana ne-Action Script. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwafika ngo-2001 nge-C # ne-Visual Basic .NET. Ngokuhambisana neminyaka edlule yeJava ne-HTML, i-C # ifinyelele umzuzu omuhle emlandweni wezilimi ezihlelayo.

Scratch

Siyaqhubeka nokukhuluma ngomlando wezilimi ezihlela nezinhlelo ngeScratch, "inguquko" yezilimi ezihlelayo. Ulimi lohlelo olubukwayo olwenziwe yiMassachusetts Institute of Technology futhi luqukethe ulimi oluthuthukisiwe oluvumela izingane, intsha kanye nabantu abadala ukuthi bafunde izinhlelo ezibukwayo ngaphandle kolwazi oluningi lwekhodi.

Iya nge-Google

I-Go, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Goland, wulimi lohlelo olwenzelwe i-Google, akukho okunye. Iphefumulelwe ngu-C, kepha ilulimi olunzima kakhulu. Igxila kunqubo ethile, kepha inhloso enkulu ukuphepha. Ngakho-ke, i-Go ayinayo i-algorithm yesikhombi. Njengelungu le-Google, ngemuva kokuduma, ngokuqinisekile uzoba negebe elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Android.

IKotlin 2012

I-Kotlin ingenye yezilimi ezidumile zokuhlela, hhayi ngoba ilula kakhulu, kepha ngoba iGoogle iyimaka njengolimi oluhle kakhulu lokuhlela lwe-Android. Emasontweni ambalwa adlule kwaGoogle I / O, iMountain View ilule isandla esiza kunjiniyela waseKotlin iJetBrains futhi yathi i-Android izoba yiKotlin eyanda ngokwengeziwe, ngaleyo ndlela ihlinzekele abathuthukisi abasebenzisa lolu limi. Kulula kakhulu. .

Imvelaphi kanye nesifiso samagama nezilimi zokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu

Sichaza okunye okwehlukile kwamagama ezilimi ezihlelayo nezilimi zokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu ezitholakala emlandweni wawo.

PHP

I-PHP inesichazamazwi esiziphindaphindayo esiNgisini se-PHP: I-Hypertext Preprocessor. Ngakho-ke, isifinyezo sayo i-PHP sinquma ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezilimi zokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu.

UPhyton

Olunye ulimi lwentuthuko oludumile, umgomo ukwenza ikhodi ifundeke. Eqinisweni, igama lalo livela kumdali walo, uGuido van Rossum, othanda kakhulu usomahlaya odumile uMonty Python.

C ++

Ulimi alusebenzisayo ngu- "C" njengesifinyezo se- "elegance." I-C ++ imele Ukwanda C, okuyiyona ndlela eyodwa yokwandisa inani lokuguquguqukayo olimini uqobo. Lokho wukuthi, uma ngabe sabela inani elingu-1 kokuguquguqukayo (okufana ne- "i") bese sisebenzisa i ++, sizoshintsha inani lokuguquguqukayo libe ngu-2.

Iqiniso lokwazi

U-Ada Lovelace umqambi wokuqala wezwe. Ngokuvamile i-Ada ibhekwa njengomqambi wokuqala wekhompyutha emhlabeni. Ngo-1833, wahlangana nesazi sezibalo saseBrithani esinekhono uCharles Babbage (uCharles Babbage), futhi waba umngane naye impilo yonke. U-Ada usekele umqondo wokuthi "umshini wokuhlaziya," umshini wokubala owenziwe ngumngani wakhe omkhulu uCharles, ondizayini yakhe ibikezela ikhompyutha yanamuhla iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-100.

Isikhathi eside, bambiza ngokuthi "umthakathi wedijithali" - umngani wakhe omuhle uCharles Babbage wamnika isidlaliso esihle, futhi ngokungangabazeki kwawina imizamo yakhe. U-Ada uzibheka "njengomuntu okhuluma ngezinto ezithile" futhi kwesinye isikhathi umbiza ngokuthi ucabanga ngokuthi "uyinkondlo" ngoba uthanda ukuchaza izibalo ngezingathekiso ezikhazimulayo ikakhulukazi ngomcabango.

U-Ada wayengomunye wabokuqala ukuqagela ngobuhlakani bokufakelwa. Yize abona amandla amakhulu wekhompyutha, wayephelelwe ithemba ngokusobala nge-AI, futhi isigwebo sakhe sigcizelela lokhu okulandelayo: Umhlaziyi akanalo ilungelo lokudala imiphumela. Ingenza noma yini esingayi-oda. Ungenza ukuhlaziywa, kepha awukwazi ukuqagela noma yiluphi uhlobo lobudlelwano noma uhlaziye amaqiniso namuhla, lesi sihloko kuseseyisihloko esishisayo.

Amanothi akho akhombisa ukuthi uqagele ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ikhompyutha ikhiqize umculo. Ngaphambi kokugula, wabhalela umama wakhe incwadi emtshela ukuthi wayesebenza emidlalweni ethile ukuze ahlole ubudlelwano phakathi komculo nezibalo. Noma kunjalo, wayesazi ukuthi umshini wokuhlaziya ungasetshenziswa ngolunye usuku ukubhala izingoma eziyinkimbinkimbi nezintekenteke.

Uma ufuna ukuqhubeka nokufunda izindatshana zethu ezinhle vakashela lesi sixhumanisi esilandelayo:Izinhlelo eziqondiswe entweni