Kulesi sihloko uzokwazi i- umjikelezo wempilo wesistimu yekhompyutha, lapho siyaneliseka khona isidingo sokucutshungulwa kwemininingwane ezenzakalelayo.
Umjikelezo wempilo wesistimu yekhompyutha
Uhlelo lwamakhompiyutha luyisixazululo senkinga yokucubungula imininingwane ezenzakalelayo, njengokuthi: ukufunda i-imeyili, ukubhala umbhalo usebenzisa ikhompyutha, ukufaka inombolo yocingo encwadini yamakheli etholakala kuselula, noma ukuphathwa nokulawulwa kwezimboni imishini ehlelwe ngezinhlelo zekhompyutha.
Ngokuvamile, uhlelo lwamakhompiyutha ludinga izinto zomzimba, ezibizwa ngehadiwe, nengxenye engaphatheki eyaziwa njenge-software noma izinhlelo zekhompyutha. Ngokwengeziwe, kubandakanya ukubamba iqhaza kwezici zabantu, ezibhekele ukufunwa kwezinsizakalo.
Ngale ndlela, kungashiwo ukuthi uhlelo lwekhompyutha lubhekele ukuqoqwa, ukucutshungulwa kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha, uma nje lezi seziguqulwe zaba ulwazi, ngomsebenzi ohlanganyelwe nowenziwe ngokuhlanganyela wabantu, imishini nezindlela zokucutshungulwa kwedatha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekusebenziseni ikhompyutha, kuyabizwa umjikelezo wempilo wesistimu yekhompyutha kusethi yezigaba ezinikela emhlabeni wonke ekutholeni imikhiqizo emaphakathi, edingekayo ekuphathweni kwenqubo nasekuzuzweni kwezinhloso zokugcina. Imvamisa isuka ekucabangeni kwesidingo sohlelo kuye ekuzalweni komunye okuzongena esikhundleni salo.
Ngokombono, umjikelezo wempilo uqukethe yonke imininingwane ehlobene nokwakhiwa, ukusebenza nokulungiswa komkhiqizo wesoftware.
Izinhlobo
Ngokuya ngobubanzi, izici nokwakheka kohlelo lwekhompyutha, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zemijikelezo zivela:
Umugqa wokuphila
Ngenxa yobulula bayo, luhlobo lwe umjikelezo wempilo wesistimu yekhompyutha Isetshenziswa kakhulu noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka. Kusho ukubola komsebenzi womhlaba wonke ngezigaba ezilandelanayo, ngasinye senziwa kanye kuphela, esivumela ukubona kusengaphambili isikhathi senqubo.
Ukwenziwa kwesigaba ngasinye kuzimele kwesinye, futhi kudinga ulwazi lwangaphambilini ngomphumela ukuthi kutholakale kuso ngasinye. Ngokwengeziwe, akunakwenzeka ukufinyelela isigaba uma esedlule singakaqedwa.
Umjikelezo wempilo nge-prototyping
Isetshenziswa lapho imiphumela efinyeleleka ngempela ingaziwa, noma lapho ubuchwepheshe obusha ngokuphelele noma obuncane obusetshenzisiwe buzosetshenziswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubonakala ngokuqalwa kokucaciswa okuyisisekelo okuvumela ukwakhiwa komfanekiso, ozosebenza njengomkhiqizo ophakathi nendawo kanye nowesikhashana.
Ngokungafani nomjikelezo wempilo oqondile, ezinye izigaba kufanele zenziwe kabili, kanye ukuze kuthuthukiswe uhlobo lwesibonelo kuthi esinye kube nokwenziwa komkhiqizo wokugcina.
Umjikelezo wokuphila ovunguza
Kwakha ukuhlanganiswa komjikelezo wempilo ne-prototyping, ngoba ukwakhiwa komkhiqizo wokugcina kudinga ukucaciswa okulandelanayo kwama-prototypes amaningana, ngalinye limele kusengaphambili maqondana nalokho okwedlule.
Kulolu hlobo lwe umjikelezo wempilo wesistimu yekhompyutha umkhiqizo uhamba ngezigaba eziningana kaninginingi, uze ufinyelele ekuvuthweni okufunayo. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kolwazi ohlangothini lweklayenti lokuthi lifunani ngempela, kanye nokunquma kokufana okufanayo phakathi nezigaba ezahlukahlukene.
Izigaba
Umjikelezo wempilo wanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwekhompyutha uhlanganisa izigaba ezahlukahlukene, yilezi:
Ukuhlela
Kushiwo imisebenzi yokuqala ezokhomba ukwakhiwa kwephrojekthi yohlelo lwekhompyutha, phakathi kwayo yilena:
- Ukwehliswa kobubanzi bephrojekthi: Kubheka ulwazi lomsebenzi wenhlangano ezosebenza kuyo, kanye nokuhlonza izidingo nezinkinga ezihambisana nokuphathwa kolwazi. Ukulindela kuhlolisiswa ngokuya ngohlelo oluphakanyisiwe lokusebenza oluzolandelwa.
- Ukutadisha okungenzeka: Izinsizakusebenza ezitholakalayo zokwenza iphrojekthi ziyahlolwa, kulokhu isikhathi nemali etholakalayo yale njongo. Ngokunjalo nemibhalo yezikhungo iyaxoxwa futhi kwenziwa izingxoxo ukuze kutholakale izinto ezingenza ukuthi iphrojekthi ihluleke.
- Ukuhlaziywa kobungozi: Kubandakanya ukuhlolwa nokulawulwa kwezingozi ezingaphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa nokwenziwa kwephrojekthi. Lapho nje izingcuphe ezingaba khona sezitholakele, amathuba okuthi enzeka ngempela ayabalwa, kanye nomthelela ezingaba nawo. Ekugcineni, izinhlelo zezehlakalo ezilungiswayo ziyalungiswa njengezinye izindlela zokwenzeka okusebenzayo okufanayo.
- Linganisa: Kushiwo isilinganiso sokuqala sezindleko nobude bephrojekthi. Kungaphansi kolwazi umuntu analo ngalo kanye nesipiliyoni somlinganisi. Kumele ukuthi kuqukathe ucwaningo oluningiliziwe lwezinto ezingashintsha ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwama-computer, ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lokungaqiniseki.
- Ukuhlelwa kwesikhathi nokwabiwa kwemithombo: Lesi yisikhathi sephrojekthi. Kwenziwa njalo ngesonto, futhi kungalungiswa ngokuya ngezinsizakusebenza ezitholakalayo nezimo ezithile esibhekene nazo.
I-Análisis
Kususelwa ekusungulweni kwenhloso enkulu yephrojekthi, ngokuya ngokutholakala kwezidingo zangempela kanye nokunqunywa kwezimpawu okufanele uhlelo lube nazo.
Kubandakanya ukwenziwa kwamagrafu, imidwebo, amabalazwe engqondo nama-flowcharts, akwazi ukufingqa yonke imininingwane eqoqiwe, kuze kube sezingeni lokuthi iqondakale kuwo wonke amalungu eqembu.
Umklamo
Kufaka ukwakheka kwedatha nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezizovumela umsebenzisi ukuthi asebenzise uhlelo lwekhompyutha. Kungumphumela wocwaningo lwezinye izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuqalisa, ngemuva kokunquma isakhiwo jikelele lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona iphrojekthi. Kufanele kususelwe kuzici zohlelo ezizokwenza lula ukuqaliswa kwayo.
Ukuqaliswa
Lapho nje izici zohlelo sezicutshunguliwe nokwenziwa kwalo, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwakha uhlelo lwekhompyutha olusezingeni eliphakeme. Kudinga ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi afanele, kanye nokuzimisela kwendawo yentuthuko okumele uhlelo lusebenze kuyo kanye nokukhethwa kolimi olufanele lokuhlelela uhlobo lohlelo oluzothuthukiswa.
Lesi sigaba sifaka nokutholakala kwazo zonke izinsizakusebenza ezidingekayo ukuze uhlelo lwekhompyutha lusebenze. Ngokwengeziwe, kufaka phakathi ukwenziwa kwezivivinyo ezivumela ukubheka ukuqhubeka kwephrojekthi njengoba yathuthukiswa.
Ukuhlolwa
Inhloso enkulu yezivivinyo ukuthola amaphutha okungenzeka enziwe phakathi kwezigaba zangaphambilini zephrojekthi, okubandakanya ukulungiswa okufanele okufanayo ngaphambi kokuba umkhiqizo usezandleni zomsebenzisi wokugcina.
Ukuhlolwa okuhlukile kwenziwa ngokuya ngomongo nesigaba sephrojekthi esikuyo. Ngale ndlela, ukuhlolwa kweyunithi nokuhlanganiswa kuyenziwa, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-alpha ngaphakathi kwenhlangano yokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-beta okuhlose abasebenzisi bokugcina ngaphandle kwamalungu ethimba lokuthuthukisa iphrojekthi.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalesi sigaba, ungafunda i-athikili ku- izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwesoftware ekhona.
Ekugcineni, kungenzeka futhi ukwenza isivivinyo sokwamukela, ukuze umemezele ngokusemthethweni ukuphela kwenqubo yokuthuthukiswa kohlelo. Ngokufanayo, ukubuyekezwa kwemikhiqizo emaphakathi yephrojekthi kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulungiswa kwamaphutha atholakele futhi kuqhubeke nokuqinisekiswa kwawo.
Ukufaka noma ukuthunyelwa
Kusho ukuthunyelwa kohlelo lwekhompyutha olwenziwe. Kubandakanya ukucaciswa kwendawo yokusebenza okufaka phakathi i-Hardware kanye ne-software, okokusebenza okudingekayo, ukumiswa komzimba okunconyiwe, amanethiwekhi wokuxhuma, amasistimu okusebenza athintekayo nezinye izinto ezivela kubantu besithathu.
Kwezinye izimo, lesi sigaba sifaka phakathi inguquko kusuka ohlelweni ebelivele lukhona luye ohlelweni olusha oluzosetshenziswa.
Ukusetshenziswa nokugcinwa
Lapho uhlelo olusha lwekhompyutha seluqale ukusetshenziswa, ludinga ukugcinwa okuhambisanayo, okuvame ukufaka izigaba ezintathu:
- Ukulungiswa kokulungisa: Kubandakanya ukuqeda ukukhubazeka okuvela ngesikhathi sokusebenziseka kwayo.
- Ukugcinwa okuguqukayo: Kusho isidingo sokuthi uhlelo lusebenze enguqulweni entsha yohlelo lokuqala lokusebenza, noma lapho kuguqulwa enye yezinto zehadiwe.
- Ukulungiswa okuphelele: Kwenziwa ukwengeza ukuthuthuka nokusebenza okusha ohlelweni lwamakhompyutha olukhona.
Kubalulekile ukuthi unake ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwamakhompyutha ethu ukwelula impilo yawo esebenzisekayo.