Umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo kukhompyutha - VidaBytes

La umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo Ngokuyinhloko ukucubungula idatha evela ku-CPU, ukuyiguqula ibe izithombe ezibonakala kubaqaphi bekhompyutha. Funda kabanzi ngalesi sihloko ngokufunda i-athikili elandelayo.

Umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo

Ikhadi levidiyo, elibizwa nangokuthi ikhadi lemifanekiso, linomsebenzi wokucubungula idatha ngayinye nolwazi oluvela ku-Case noma i-CPU bese luyimelela ngendlela ecacile esikrinini sekhompyutha noma kumonitha. Le divayisi yangaphakathi yakhiwe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.

Zaziwa nangokuthi yikhadi levidiyo, i-graphic accelerator card, i-adapter yevidiyo, ikhadi levidiyo, ngalinye linokusebenza okwengeziwe okuvumela abakhiqizi bamakhompiyutha ukuthi banikeze okuguquguqukayo, izinketho zedizayini ngokuya ngokusebenza okuhle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Lezi ezinye izindlela zivumela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuthola ukuhlelwa ngamathelevishini, ukuqoshwa kwamavidiyo, ukufaka ikhodi kumavidiyo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, ukugcwalisa isikhombimsebenzisi ngemiklamo nemifanekiso enjengezixhumi ze-IEEI, isitaki seJoystick, esisiza ukunquma izibhulamlilo kwamanye amakhompyutha.

Amakhadi evidiyo enziwa yizinkampani ezahlukahlukene ezidayisa ubuchwepheshe bazo kubathuthukisi bamakhompyutha, imidlalo yevidiyo, amathelevishini namadivayisi adinga uhlelo olusezingeni eliphezulu lokumelwa kwemidwebo. Kepha ake sibheke ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zehluzo zibukeka kanjani kumakhadi evidiyo.

Izinhlobo Zeshadi

Ihluzo ezihlanganisiwe

Imelela enye indlela evuselela ukusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo kanye nehadiwe yevidiyo. Zingahlanganiswa kubhodi yomama. Uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lwezithombe luvumela ukwenziwa kungasebenzi komsebenzi we-chi kuma-BIO onokokufaka okucacile. ezingasiza ukufaka ikhadi levidiyo elengeziwe.

Ihluzo ezihlanganisiwe zivumela ukusetshenziswa kwebhodi lomama. Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko futhi kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi. Noma kunjalo ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala ku-CPU kuhle. yize ine-RAM yayo, uhlelo lokungenisa umoya

Amakhadi azinikezele

Lezi zinhlobo zamakhadi zifakwe njenge-GPU yesibili efakwe kubhodi yomama, njengedivayisi eyengeziwe esebenza ukunweba izikhala nezincazelo, ikhulula isikhala sememori ye-RAM ngesilinganiso esikhulu, esinganika isikhala esengeziwe ohlelweni lokusebenza futhi kanye neminye imisebenzi edinga ukusetshenziswa kwememori.

Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lwekhadi lufakwa kumadivayisi aphathekayo lapho kufakwa khona okubizwa ngokuthi izitika ze-Intel Graphics, okuyi-processor ye-Intel's integrated processor. Lokhu kudalwa yizinkinga zesikhala lapho kudingeka khona inzuzo enkulu yokusetshenziswa kwezikhala nezinsizakusebenza.

historia

Amakhadi wevidiyo okuqala avela ngempela kusuka kuma-60s, isiphakamiso siqala lapho okuvela khona okubizwa ngokuthi ngabaqaphi, okwenzelwe ukufaka amadivayisi wohlobo lwephrinta. Lawa madivayisi akhiphe ikhadi lapho imininingwane ikhonjwe khona ngamakhodi.

Amakhadi abonisa imibhalo ngeso lengqondo kamuva, ngezindawo ezithile, ekhombisa imininingwane. Ama-chip chips wokuqala akhiqizwa yinkampani yakwa-Motorola. Ngokubonakala kwemodeli yabo engu-6845 bavunyelwe ukuhlomisa amanye amakhompyutha anamandla athile wokuqhafaza.

Amakhadi wokuqala wehluzo

Ngokukhiqizwa kwedeskithophu yokuqala noma ama-PC asekhaya, njengoba babebizwa kanjalo ekuqaleni, i-chip ethintekayo yafakwa kubhodi yomama, lapho amakhadi ayenamakholomu angama-80. Lawa machips azovumela ukuveza imodi yombhalo ngokususelwa kosayizi kusuka ku-80 x 24 kuye ku-80 x 25 wezinhlamvu.

Amakhompyutha okuqala aguqulwe ngale ndlela kwakuyi-Apple II ne-Spectravideo SVI 328 modelboard. Amakhadi inkampani i-IBM eyaqala ukuwanikeza ngo-198, ayene-adaptha ye-MDA screen monochrome. Leli khadi livumela ukusebenza ngendlela yombhalo futhi lingamela imigqa efinyelela kwengama-25 yezinhlamvu ezingama-80 kuqapha.

Inkumbulo yayo encane engu-4 Kb, ibingasebenza ikhasi elilodwa, kubaqaphi bombala ababodwa ababevamise ukuba luhlaza ngemvelaphi yemvelo yesikrini ngombala omnyama. Ngama-80s, imidlalo yevidiyo yaqala ukunweba futhi izinkampani eziningi zaqala ukukhiqiza amakhadi okunikeza ububanzi ezenzweni ezikusikrini.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_GlNgkE1lo

Phakathi konyaka we-1980 nowe-1990, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamakhadi emidwebo avele ukuthi kancane kancane ayenika amandla ekuthuthukiseni nasekuguqukeni kwamanye amamodeli. Endabeni yokusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo kumakhompyutha. Izinhlobo ze-MDA zavela ngonyaka wama-81 zinemodi yombhalo yezinhlamvu ezingama-80 x 25, nememori engu-4 Kb, bese kulandela okulandelayo:

I-CGA ngo-1981 ngemodi yombhalo yezinhlamvu ezingama-80 x 25 nememori engu-16 Kb.
Unyaka we-HGC 1982 wezinhlamvu ezingama-80 x 25 nememori engama-265 Kb.
I-EGA, itholakala emakethe ngo-1984 ngesisombululo sezinhlu ezingama-80 zezinhlamvu ezingama-25 nememori engama-256 Kb.
IBM, ngo-1987 ilingana nezinhlamvu ezingama-80 x 25 kanye nemodi yokuqhafaza engu-1024 x 768 resolution, memory 256 Kb.
I-MCGA, futhi kusukela ngo-1987 enezinhlamvu ezingama-80 x 25 nemodi yehluzo engu-320 x 200, inkumbulo engu-256 Kb.
I-VGA, ngo-1987 nebanga lemodi yehluzo phakathi kuka-640 x 480 kuya ku-700 x 400, yayinenkumbulo engu-256 Kb.
I-SVGA, ikhishwe ngo-1989 futhi inenkumbulo eyandisiwe ye-1 Mg enezinhlamvu ezingama-80 x 25 kanye nemodi yokuqhafaza phakathi kuka-1028 no-728
I-XGA, kusuka ngo-1990 enezinhlamvu ezingama-80 x 25 kanye nemodi yokuqhafaza engu-1024 x 768 enenkumbulo eyi-2 Mb.

90's

Enye yama-adaptha wehluzo abaluleke kakhulu azalwe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-90 kwakuyimodeli ye-VGA. Abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene bemidlalo yevidiyo nekhompyutha yedeskithophu bathole ukuthi le modeli yokusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zabo.

Ukulungiswa nenombolo yemibala kuvumela ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ukujwayela izikrini. Maphakathi nama-90s, i-Super Video Graphics Array (SVGA) yazalwa. Kakade kungaphezu kuka-2 mg wememori kanye nezinqumo ezisukela kumaphikseli ayi-1024 x 768, Lo msebenzi uvunyelwe ukukhipha imibala engaphezu kwengu-256.

Izinkampani ezinjengo-Apple zivule inkambu yamakhadi wevidiyo, zavula imakethe njengomlingani weSVGA obizwa ngeCommodore Amiga 2000. Leli khadi livumele ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza zobungcweti, okungukuthi, belinethuba lokuguqula amanye ama-video chips abe yi-GPU.

Ngo-1995, imakethe yamakhadi emidwebo yenze intuthuko enkulu lapho kuvela amakhadi okuqala e-2D ne-3D, akhiqizwa izinkampani iMatrox ne-ATI. Lawa makhadi avumela ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zamakhadi we-SVGA, kepha afaka ubuchwepheshe be-3D.

I-Voodoo graphics chip evela enkampanini ye-3dfx, yavela ngo-1997 ikhombisa amandla wokubala nemiphumela emisha ye-3D, okungukuthi, ukunyakaza okufana ne-z-buffering, imephu ye-mip, njll. Kwaqala ukubonwa esikrinini. Kusukela lapho, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwathatha izinyathelo ezibalulekile.

Amakhadi wemidwebo afana neVoodoo2 ayavela, aze enziwa izinkampani ezahlukahlukene. Isici esiyinhloko salolu hlobo lwekhadi lehluzo kwakungamandla alo. Lokhu kubangele ukuthi amachweba ebhendi ahluleke futhi izibuyekezo bezisalele ebhodini.

Ngalokhu, inkampani ye-Intel yathuthukisa i-Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP), evumela ukuxazulula umkhawulo phakathi kweprosesa nekhadi, inikeze isethulo sokubuka nokusebenza kahle.

Unyaka ka-2000 kuya phambili

Ngesikhathi sokuqala kweminyaka yama-2000, kwavela amakhadi wevidiyo ahlukahlukene, kepha lawo abenomthelela omkhulu kubathuthukisi abasebenzela ukwandisa ukubonwa emidlalweni yevidiyo yiPeripheral Component Interconnect (PCI). Lolu hlobo lwekhadi, oluzoba kamuva oluguqulwe kakhulu kuma-PC, lwenze ukuthi kube lula ukuqeda izingqinamba.

Le nkinga bekuyinkinga ebivele idalwe ukuba khona kwamabhasi wangaphakathi okuthiwa yi-ISA (Industry Standard Architecture). Le ndlela yokubekwa nokusetshenziswa kwamakhadi wehluzo, yenze ukuthi amakhadi wemodeli we-VGA asheshe ashiye imakethe. Amanye amapulatifomu wohlobo lwebhasi le-PCI avumela ukwakhiwa kwamakhadi emidwebo emisha.

Ukukhula nentuthuko kweza nenkampani yeNVIDIA, eyaqala ukubusa emakethe yamakhadi emidwebo. Ithole ama-70% wezimpahla zenkampani ye-3dfx, iyivumela ukuthi ibe namandla okuthengisa umugqa wamakhadi emidwebo abizwa ngeGeForce. Lezi zinhlobo zazibhekiswe kuma-algorithms e-3D.

Ijubane lama-processor wehluzo lenyuke kakhulu. Kepha babenezinkinga, izinkumbulo zazidinga isikhala esithe xaxa. Uma udinga ukwazi ukuthi yini enye ngalesi sihloko, ngikumema ukuba ufunde kabanzi ngokuchofoza lesi sixhumanisi Imemori ye-ROM njengendlela yokwandisa umthamo wamakhadi wehluzo.

Ukukhunjulwa kwamakhadi wevidiyo kwandise umthamo wawo futhi kwasuka ku-32 Gb, okwakuwumthamo wamakhadi wevidiyo weGeForce, kuya ezinhlotsheni zeGeForce 4 ezazinamandla okwamanje phakathi kuka-64 Mg kuya ku-128 Mg. Ngokuthuthukiswa kweziduduzo zegeyimu yevidiyo yesizukulwane sesithupha namakhompyutha anezinketho ezingcono.

Ukusetshenziswa komthamo omkhulu wememori ye-RAM kumakhadi evidiyo bekudingeka. Lokhu kwenzelwe isibonelo ukuthi inkampani yakwa-Apple izofaka ama-chips avela ku-NVIDIA ne-ATI, kumakhompyutha okuqala amasha abizwa nge-iMac. Ezinye izinkampani zenze i-Powerpcs, enebhasi ye-PCI noma ye-AGP eyakhelwe ngaphakathi isebenzisa amakhadi emidwebo angaxhomekile ku-CPU.

Maphakathi no-2000 izinkampani i-ATI neNVIDIA beziphethe imakethe yokusebenza kwamakhadi wevidiyo, amamodeli weGeForce abusa ngokuphelele emakethe. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, inkampani ye-ATI yatholwa yinkampani ye-AMD, leyo eminyakeni ethile kamuva eyayizobusa cishe ngokuphelele ukwenziwa kwamakhadi emidwebo.

Njengamanje, le nkampani ikhiqiza ndawonye amakhadi wevidiyo we-NVIDIA afakwa kumakhompyutha akhiqizwa nsuku zonke emhlabeni. Basabalalisa amakhadi emidwebo ahlukahlukene ezinye izinkampani ezingezona ezamakhompiyutha noma ezihlobene nekhompyutha.

Izinsizakusebenza nezakhi

Ukubonga ukusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kudinga izinsizakusebenza nezakhi ezivumela idatha ukuthi icutshungulwe futhi iguqulwe ibe ngumqaphi wevidiyo ngejubane elisheshayo. Futhi nikeza ukubukwa nokulungiswa okuhle kumsebenzisi.

Kepha uyini umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo?, iyunithi yokucubungula imidwebo, njengoba ibizwa futhi, ayisizi nje kuphela ukwethula lonke ulwazi umsebenzisi aludingayo esikrinini, kodwa futhi icubungula izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zolwazi ezisebenzisa imithombo ethile.

Ngalokho udinga izinto namasethingi aqeda imemori namandla. Okulandelayo sizocacisa imininingwane yalezi zinto nezinto ezivumela ukudala umsebenzi wekhadi lehluzo.

Imemori ye-GRAM Graphic

Ebizwa ngememori yokungena ngokungahleliwe, ingama-chips agcina futhi adlulise imininingwane phakathi kwawo. Okunye ukucaciswa okuncishisiwe nokunqunywa kungashintsha izilungiselelo zokuqala.

Imemori yezithombe inezindlela eziningana ezifakwe kumakhompyutha ahlukene noma kumabhodi womama ngokuya ngokubaluleka nesidingo somkhiqizi. Lokhu kuvumela izinketho ezahlukahlukene ukuthi zikhonjiswe esikrinini, ezingahluka kuye ngomshini ngamunye. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

Imemori ezinikezelwe, inenkumbulo efakwe ngendlela ehlukile kwi-GPU (esizoyibona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi) futhi ivumela ukusebenzisa izinsiza zayo, lokhu kusiza ukuthi ukuzimela emandleni ememori akuthinti i-RAM.
Imemori Eyabiwe, inkumbulo esebenzisa izinsiza eziqondile zememori yokukhawulela inkumbulo ye-RAM nezinto zezinto ezinamandla.

Imemori ye-Graphics iyimpilo yanoma iyiphi imishini yekhompyutha noma yevidiyo, idatha esetshenzisiwe kufanele iphathwe kahle futhi ngokushesha. Kungakho ziyingxenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zekhadi eliphelele levidiyo, phakathi kwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi:

Ngokuphathelene nesixhumi esibonakalayo sememori esibizwa ngeDatha Bus, iqukethe indlela lapho ububanzi be-chip ngayinye buphindaphindwa ngokuya ngenani lamayunithi. Lesi sici futhi sivumela, kanye nobuningi bememori, ukusungula inani ledatha edluliswa ngesikhathi esinikeziwe (umkhawulokudonsa).

Imvamisa yememori inenani lezikhathi imemori engathwala ngazo idatha eziyicubungulayo. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngokuhlanganiswa kwalawa mafomu, hlola i-lilnk elandelayo ehlobene ne- Isakhiwo sedatha. Kuyisihlanganisi esibonakalayo sememori esisiza ukunquma umkhawulokudonsa ophelele ngesikhathi esinikeziwe.

Le mvamisa yememori ilinganiswa eHertz futhi yakhelwe ngokuya ngezimpawu zamabhodi womama namandla emishini. Kunamamodeli ahlukahlukene agcwalisa lolu lwazi.

Esinye isici esinqumayo yi-bandwidth ebizwa nge-AdB. Siqukethe isilinganiso sedatha esivumela ukuthi bathuthwe ngesigamu sesikhathi esimisiwe. Uma kukhona umkhawulokudonsa onganele amandla we-GPU ayancipha. Lapho ukubaluleka kwemodeli nohlobo lwayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukudluliswa kukalwa nge-Gbps (ama-Gigabyte ngomzuzwana) futhi yilokho okuguqula idatha ibe yizinqumo zezithombe bese kuguqula izingcezwana zibe ama-Byte, okusiza ukudluliswa okusebenzayo.

I- "z buffer" enye into ebalulekile evumela ukuphatha ukuxhumanisa kokujula okwenziwe izithombe ze-3D. Isebenzisa isikhala sememori esikhulu esisiza ukuthuthukisa ukujula kwezithombe.

Kukholelwa ukuthi isici esifaneleke kakhulu sememori yesithombe sivezwa ngumthamo. Lokhu kukalwa ngenombolo yedatha nokuthungwa okumele ikucubungule. Lapho imemori yengcaca ilinganisela amandla ayo, ukubambezeleka kuyabonakala ezinqubweni futhi kuyadingeka ukulinda idatha ethile ukuthi ichithwe.

Izikhathi eziningi umsebenzisi atshelwa ukuthi ukusebenza kwekhadi lemidwebo kunqunywa ngamandla enkumbulo yalo, kepha izinsiza ezisetshenziswa yi-Afrika inkumbulo enkulu zivela ku-VRAM

Iyunithi yokucubungula ihluzo le-GPU

Idivayisi ifana kakhulu ne-CPU enikezelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwehluzo, umsebenzi wayo omkhulu ukunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi weprosesa emaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, kuvumela ukukhulisa ukubala kwamaphoyinti entantayo avelele emsebenzini we-3D.

Imininingwane evunyelwa i-GPU ngokuvamile ivela kuzici zekhadi lemidwebo, okungukuthi, kunqunywa yilo. Amakhadi wemidwebo yalolu hlobo ngokuvamile anezici ezifanayo kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo imvamisa eyinhloko ingahamba phakathi kuka-825 MHz lapho ikhadi linokucushwa okuphansi.

Amanye amakhadi angakhuphukela ku-1600 MHz lapho ububanzi bawo buphakeme. Ama-shading namapayipi anesibopho sokunciphisa isithombe se-3D ngokulingana nawo ayahlukahluka kumabanga aphezulu naphansi. Kepha ake sibheke izakhi ezakha i-GPU.

I-ROP, iyidivayisi ephethe ukwethula idatha esetshenzwe yi-GPU esikrinini, futhi iphethe ukucubungula izihlungi ezibushelelezi neziphikisana nokuqanjwa.
Ama-shader abizwa nangokuthi ama-shader, okuyizinto ezinamandla kakhulu ze-GPU, nawo futhi ngokuhlanganiswa anikezwa igama le-CUDA, okusho ukuthi iprosesa lokugeleza kwedatha. Leli gama lakhiwe yinkampani yeNVIDIA. Lezi zinto ziyingxenye yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kusuka kumaphikseli amadala we-pixel ne-vertex.
I-GPU ingaqukatha amanani ahlukile womgogodla, ukwehluka kokuvezwa lapho imodeli yezinguquko ezifanayo. Lapho kufakwa khona ama-chips ahlukahlukene ahlanganisiwe avumela ukukhulisa amandla maqondana namamodeli wangaphambilini.

Imemori ye-RAMDAC

Kuyinto yokuguqula okungahleliwe kwenkumbulo ye-analog digital converter. Iphinde ibe iprosesa futhi iguqule isignali lapho iza ifomu elenziwe ngekhompuyutha bese iyithumela kwimemori ye-RAM, ngendlela yokuthi iguqule amasiginali we-analogi abe yimemori uqobo.

Sibe sesibona ukuthi izithombe ezithile zingachazwa kanjani ngokuhlukile. Lolu hlobo lwememori luncike kwinani lamaBits angacutshungulwa ngasikhathi sinye nejubane elidlulisa ngalo. Lesi siguquli sikwazi ukuxhasa izivinini ezahlukahlukene ezivumela ukukhanyisa umthwalo ubheke emazingeni afanele wokudlulisa.

Izindlela zokuhlangana zama-Motherboard

I-interface kufanele ihambisane nochungechunge lwezinto ezisiza ukwenza uchungechunge lwezinto ezibonakalayo nezenzo, lapho umsebenzisi aqondisa khona isikhombimsebenzisi kancane kancane. Bekulokhu kuthuthukiswa izinto ezikwazile ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje ezikrinini namuhla.

Izinto ezibonakaliswa kulesi sici zinikezwa ngokuvela okuhlukahlukene kanye nokuvuselelwa okusuka ku-8-bit MSx slot eyenziwe ngeminyaka yama-80s, kuya kwi-PCI-Express, ebizwa ngePCIe, kusukela ngo-2004 ihlale ihlangene ne-interface ye-AGP.

Amamodeli asebenza njenganamuhla isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo asuselwa kuzimpawu ezifana neBhasi, Ububanzi (izingcezu), iFrequency (MHz) neBandwidth (MB / s) nohlobo lwechweba, lapho-ke sinamamodeli asetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-ISA I-8-bit XT enemvamisa ye-4,77 MHz kanye ne-bandwidth ye-8 MB / sa port ethembekile.

Yize kungeyona enye yezindawo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, izixhumi ezibuyekezwa ngisho nangaphezulu njenge-PCIe x 16 enezingcezu eziphakathi kuka-1 no-16 bits kanye nemvamisa eguquguqukayo yama-25 50 MHz ingaxhunyaniswa nobubanzi bomkhawulokudonsa obuphakathi kuka-3200 no-6400 Mb / s. Itheku liza ngokulandelana futhi kwesinye isikhathi lifane.

Phuma

Lapho leli gama likhulunywa kuyaqondakala njengenqubo lapho amafomu wokuxhuma avumela idatha ukuthi idluliselwe kusiqaphi noma kubaqaphi abaningana. Sikumema ukuba uchofoze kulesi sixhumanisi uma ufisa xhuma ama-monitors amabili kwi-laptop okuzokusiza ufunde kabanzi ngalezi zinkinga.

Kusungulwa njengomsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo ukwenziwa kokukhishwa nokuhambisana kwayo nomsebenzi womqaphi obizwa ngokuthi umbukeli, kunezinhlobo nezinhlobo eziningi, ake sibone:

Ukukhishwa kwe-DVI

Okubizwa nge-digital visual interface kungukukhishwa kwedijithali kwesikhombimsebenzisi okufaka okukhiphayo kwendabuko kumakhompiyutha, njalo edizayinwe ngokwamadijithi ukuthola ukuboniswa kwekhwalithi kumaphrojektha nakwizikrini zedijithali. Lolu hlobo lokukhiphayo lukugwema ukuhlanekezela nomsindo iphikseli engakukhiqiza esinqumweni sendabuko sesiqapha. Namuhla incintisana nokukhishwa kwe-HDMI njengenye yezinto ezintsha kakhulu.

I-HDMI

Leli fomu lokukhishwa kwechweba lingesinye sezisetshenziswa kakhulu kulezi zinsuku, ngokuhlangana nento eyedlule ekhipha izinto ezimbili eziyinhloko ngendlela yokwethula isikhombimsebenzisi nencazelo engcono. Lobu buchwepheshe budlulisa izithombe nama-audios acacile ngendlela ephelele necacisiwe.

I-VGA

Ibimele okwesikhashana uhlobo lobuchwepheshe obunamandla obusetshenziswe phakathi neminyaka yama-90s, ivumele ukusungulwa ezikrinini zemisebenzi ezazibizwa nge- "video graphics array" (VGA) kanye ne- "Super video graph array (VGA). Isekela abaqaphi abasebenza ngamashubhu e-cathode ray futhi yathathelwa indawo ubuchwepheshe obuchazwe ekuqaleni.

I-DisplayPort

Luhlobo lwechweba lokukhipha elenziwe yinkampani ye-VESA ukuncintisana nobuchwepheshe be-HDMI, limelela isikhombimsebenzisi sokuxazululwa okuphezulu. Ingafakwa kunoma imuphi umshini, ngakho-ke inamathebhu okusimamisa kusixhumi esivimbela ukuphumula ngephutha.

I-S-video

Ibizwa ngevidiyo ehlukile noma ividiyo ehlukile, imele ukusetshenziswa okuncane kakhulu okukuvumela futhi ukuthi uhlele amathelevishini athile futhi ulawule ama-chips ezimpawu ze-NTSC / PAL, abesetshenziswa kakhulu ngesikhathi se-DVD boom kodwa asevele engasasebenzi.

I-Analog

Lesi sitolo esaziwa ngabaningi singenye yezinkampani zemidlalo yamavidiyo ezilula kakhulu nezinye, izinkampani zekhebula. Kwasetshenziswa amadivayisi ahlukahlukene ekuxhumaneni kwawo, imvamisa isixhumi esaziwa njenge-RCA (Radio Corporation of America).

Ukukhishwa kwengxenye

Luhlobo lokukhishwa kwe-analog futhi olubhekele ukudlulisa amavidiyo anencazelo ephezulu, lusetshenziselwa amaphrojektha anekhwalithi efana naleyo ye-SVGA. Iqukethe izixhumi ezintathu lapho kweminye imishini ikhonjiswa ngokulandelayo (Y, Cb noCr). Yasetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhompyutha athile, kepha manje isetshenziselwa imishini ethile yomsindo nemidlalo ethile yevidiyo.

I-Digital TTL

Yisixhumi se-DE-9 esiyimodeli, sasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ukuxhuma izikrini ze-IBM. Ivumela ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe be-VGA, MDA, EGA, phakathi kwabanye. Namuhla ayisasetshenziswa ngokuphelele.

Ukupholisa uhlelo

Sazi kahle ukuthi enye yamadivayisi asebenza kakhulu kukhompyutha, kumdlalo wevidiyo noma kwenye idivayisi yesimanje yikhadi lemidwebo.Kusukela lapho imishini ivuliwe, iqala ukusebenza futhi idlulise futhi iphathe imininingwane.

Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ukushisa kwekhadi levidiyo kuveze ukwanda okuthile. Imithwalo yemisebenzi mikhulu, ikhiqiza ukushisa okungadala ukulimala kumasekethe nakwezinye izinhlelo ezihlukile. Phakathi kwemiphumela kukhona ukuvimba izinkinga noma ukwehluleka esikrinini kanye nekhadi uqobo.

Ukufakwa kwamadivayisi ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kubizwa ngamafriji avumela ukuqeda ukushisa okweqile kwamakhadi. Izinhlobo nazo ziza nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zabalandeli noma izipholisi, ake sibheke ezimbalwa.

Heatsinks

Angamadivayisi wohlobo lokwenziwa, awanamalungu ahambayo ngakho ayathula. Lawa madivayisi enziwe ngensimbi avumela ukushisa okukhishwe ekhadini ukuthi kwenziwe. Zisebenza ngokuya ngesakhiwo nengqikithi yekhadi, okusho ukuthi isidingo sokupholisa sikhulu kakhulu kunokuba kufanele sibe ngaphezulu ukusabalalisa ukushisa.

Abalandeli

Ziyaziwa kakhulu futhi zibonakala ngokomzimba, ezibizwa ngamadivayisi wokupholisa asebenzayo. Inezingxenye ezihambayo ezisusa ukushisa ngohlelo olufana nabalandeli noma ama-electros ezimotweni. Zihlala zikhiqiza umsindo othile futhi ziyabonakala nakwezinye izingxenye zangaphandle zamakhompyutha.

Lawa madivayisi amabili akuvumela ukuthi wehlise izinga lokushisa ukuze uthole ukusebenza okungcono kwekhadi levidiyo. Ziyahambisana nanoma iyiphi ikhompyutha ngisho naphakathi kwamadivayisi. I-Heatsinks ikhipha ukushisa ngenkathi abalandeli bekususa.

Isiqandisisi samanzi

Kukhona uhlelo oluthuthuke kakhulu olusebenzisa ukupholisa ketshezi ngamanzi; Isetshenziselwa amakhadi evidiyo agcina umsebenzi oqinile. Uhlelo lutholakala eduze kwe-chassis kumakhompyutha wedeskithophu. Isebenza kahle, ithule futhi ayithathi isikhala esiningi.

Ukudla

Izindlela zokuthola amandla kagesi kumadivayisi wamakhadi wemifanekiso ziye zahluka kancane, yize bezingeyona inkinga kule minyaka edlule, zihlala zisezingeni eliphakeme lokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha kubangele ukuvela kokusetshenziswa okukhulu kakhulu.

Amandla kagesi anamandla amakhulu. Amakhadi wezithombe angadla kuphela amazinga angaphansi kwama-75 W. Kodwa namuhla kunamazinga aphezulu okusetshenziswa aholele enguqukweni nakwizakhiwo zawo. Isibonelo, amakhadi wokuthuthukisa we-NVIDIA eza namadivayisi kagesi we-PCle asiza ukuxhuma ngqo ukunikezwa kwamandla ekhadini.

Umthombo okukhulunywa ngawo unaleyo portle ye-PCle lapho ukudluliswa kwamanje kudlula kubhodi yomama futhi kufinyelela ukuxhumana kokufaka kwekhadi lemidwebo. Vele, ukusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo kuvumela ukusabalalisa nokuphatha ngendlela elinganiselayo lonke inani lamandla elibheke kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene angaphakathi.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ukwenziwa kobuchwepheshe obusha obelokhu benzeka maqondana namakhadi wemidwebo, kungaholela ekufakweni kwamachweba wokufaka amandla aqondile, afakwe kukhebuli exhuma ngqo kwikhompyutha.

Izinhlobo ezindala zamakhadi wevidiyo

Sesiyazi ukuthi umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo, noma kunjalo, ukusebenza kwawo bekungeyona njalo. Namuhla siyabona ukuthi lawa makhadi emidwebo aqhubeka kanjani nokuphatha ezinye izenzo, ngakho-ke azisizi nje ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamakhompiyutha noma imidlalo yevidiyo, kepha futhi zilungisa izinqubo ezibalulekile.

Amakhadi evidiyo abe nokuziphendukela kwemvelo selokhu adalwa ngeminyaka yama-60s, avumela abathuthukisi babo bezinguquko ukuthi badlale ngobuhlakani ukuletha abasebenzisi izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokubuka. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo kwavela ngenxa yamakhadi amadala noma angasetshenziswanga asebenzela ukufinyelela ubuchwepheshe bamanje.

Amakhadi weHercules Graphics, (HGC)

Igama layo lingenxa yamandla namandla obekucatshangwa ukuthi angakhipha leli khadi. Kodwa-ke, yayivumela ukuthi ibe yimodeli ejwayelekile inkampani "yama-hercule" eyasabalalisa kumakhompyutha okuqala ngo-1982. Yize yayingenayo imikhuba ejwayelekile ye-BIOS.

Inkampani esebenzise ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwakuyi-IBM, lawa makhadi anesinqumo samaphikseli angama-720 x 348 kuphela ane-64 Kb yememori monochrome screen. I-RAM yekhadi ibizokwakha kuphela izinkomba kulowo nalowo amaphuzu wesikrini nokuthola isithombe. Isebenzise ama-pixels ayi-1 bit x 720 x 348 kuphela, enokuvama kwama-Hz angama-50.

I-adaptha yombala yemibala (i-CGA)

Le adaptha yemidwebo yombala ibilokhu imakethe kusukela ngo-1981 futhi yanikelwa yi-IBM. Kwakuyinto ebalulekile yesikhathi maqondana nokuqapha nokuthuthukiswa kwesikrini. Ibinematriki asondele emaphuzu ayi-8 x 8 kumarowu angama-25 nezikrini zamakholomu ezingama-80. Izinhlamvu zimelwe njengezidwetshelwe futhi ibinenkumbulo ka-Kb eyi-16.Yayihambisana kuphela nabaqaphi be-RGB nokunye okutholakele, imodi yezithombe inesixazululo samaphikseli angama-640 x 200.

Bekuphakeme kancane kumakhadi wevidiyo amaningi futhi ivumela ukuxhuma ngendlela esheshayo amaphuzu amabili akhona kuma-grid anabaqaphi bokuxhuma. Umbala wawuluhlobo lwedijithali futhi unezingcezu ezi-3 zamandla, zisatshalaliswa ngezigaba ezintathu. Ngalokhu, kufinyelelwe imibala eyi-8 yamandla amabili ahlukene.

Yize ethandwa kakhulu, wayenokushoda kulawo maqembu. Ekugcineni kwavela "umphumela weqhwa", owawuqukethe ukubonakala esikrinini samachashazi amhlophe afana neqhwa. Bezingezohlobo oluphakathi ezihlanekezela isithombe, amanye amakhompyutha aletha i-BIOS eguquliwe lapho ungakhetha ukuqedwa kwalelo phutha.

I-Monochrome Display Adapter, (MDA)

Kwakungenye ye-adaptha yokuqala yokubonisa yohlobo lwe-monochrome eyethulwe yinkampani ye-IBM ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-80. Babenenkumbulo eyi-4 Kb futhi kwakuyikhadi elikhethekile labaqaphi bohlobo lwe-TTL. Lezi zinhlobo zemidwebo zaziwa kakhulu ngezimpawu zombala wazo oluhlaza nophuzi.

Abakaze babe nemidwebo futhi ukulungiswa kungafinyelela kuphela ngamaphikseli angama-80 x 25, akhonza kuphela izinhlamvu ezincane. Futhi alukho uhlobo lokucushwa okungenziwa. Kepha ngesikhathi sabo basize kakhulu izinkampani eziningi ukuxazulula imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.

I-MDA isebenzisa isilawuli sevidiyo ukufunda imemori yeROM, ithumele imininingwane ngochungechunge evumela ukuthi ukuvulwa kwezinqubo kuboniswe esikrinini ngokusebenzisa imigqa. Imininingwane nokwenziwa kwedatha bekukhawulelwe kuphela ekwandisweni kwemigqa yombhalo nezinombolo.

Abathuthukisi bezithombe

Abahleli bezinhlelo abaningi bayazi ukuthi ukusebenza ngamakhadi wehluzo kuyakhohlisa. Ukufakwa nokuhlelwa kwazo kudinga ulwazi olukhethekile, kulabo abaqala emkhakheni wezinhlelo zekhompyutha, sincoma ukusebenzisa amadivayisi alandelayo avumela ukusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo elisebenza kahle ngokufaka okusebenziseka kalula.

Amakhadi evidiyo adinga i-application programming interface (i-API), eyinkimbinkimbi futhi echaza ukuthi lawa madivayisi asebenze kahle. Ake sibheke ukuthi yimaphi amakhadi evidiyo afaneleka kangcono.

I-OpenGL ingesinye sezixhumi ezisetshenziswa njengamanje nezanamuhla ezenziwe yinkampani yeSilicon Graphics ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-90's.Yisicelo samahhala futhi besisebenza kuzingxenyekazi eziningi. Ihloselwe ngqo i-CAD, i-Virtual Reality, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulingisa ividiyo; kumahhala, kumahhala futhi kunamapulatifomu amaningi.
IDirect3D, uhlelo oludla izimakethe zohlelo lokusebenza lwamakhadi evidiyo, lwakhishwa ngo-1996 futhi lufakiwe kwiphakethe lomsebenzi futhi iDirectX isetshenziswa kuphela ohlelweni lokusebenza lweWindows kuzo zonke izinhlobo zayo. Okwamanje ingenye esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.

Ingathengwa ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Google Play noma amanye amapulatifomu wesitolo sohlelo lokusebenza. Inokwethenjelwa kohlelo futhi kuyindlela yentuthuko ehlanganiswe nesoftware

Ngubani owaklama futhi awahlanganise?

Namuhla kunezinkampani eziningi ezakha futhi zihlanganise lolu hlobo lwedivayisi. Kodwa-ke, abanye bazinikela ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwekhadi labo levidiyo njengoba lakhulelwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-60. Yize ukwakheka kwabo kuhluke ngokuphelele, lawa makhadi amasha ama-video agcina ukusebenza kahle okubalulekile.

Okubaluleke kakhulu yizinkampani ezintathu ezibamba ama-70% emakethe ephelele yamakhadi wevidiyo. Sinezinye izinkampani ezinikele ekwakhiweni, ekwenziweni nasekuhlanganisweni kwama-GPU, lawa yi-NVIDIA, INTEL ne-AMD ATI yakudala, eyakha inani elikhulu lamakhadi wevidiyo kuma-80s, kepha ake sibheke ngayinye.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi akuzona zonke izinkampani eziklama, zikhiqize futhi zihlanganise wonke ama-GPU namakhadi wevidiyo, ngayinye ifeza umsebenzi othile futhi ngokwesibonelo ezinye izinkampani ziphethe ukuhlangana nokwenza izinto.

Abaqambi be-GPU, kuleli qembu babaluleke kakhulu njenge-INTEL, i-NVIDIA ne-AMD. Endabeni ye-INTEL, futhi ibhekele ukuklama amakhadi we-chipboard we-motherboard ahlanganisiwe.
Abakhiqizi be-GPU, sinezinkampani ezithile ezingakhi amakhadi noma amadivayisi we-chip, kepha abhekele kuphela ukukhiqiza amadivayisi ngokususelwa ezingxenyeni eziyinhloko, awanikeza okusha njengomkhiqizo wokugcina. Lezi zinkampani yiTSMC neGlobalfoundries Matrox neS3 Graphics, lezi ezimbili zokugcina ezinemakethe enciphise kancane.
Ama-Assemblers afaka lawo asebenza ngqo nabakhiqizi bamakhadi azenzele wona. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amakhadi anama-chips afanayo abe nokuxhumana okuhlukile okususelwa ekusebenzeni, ikakhulukazi amakhadi emidwebo aguqulwe efektri.

Yize amamodeli afanayo anamagama ahlukile. Kodwa-ke, abahlanganisi bagcina amamodeli athile anamagama afanayo futhi nabakhiqizi nabo bayawugcina lo mqondo. Phakathi kwabo sine-AMD neNVIDIA. Labo abanamamodeli ekhadi levidiyo anamagama afanayo futhi asebenza ngokufana kakhulu.

Kuleli qembu kunamamodeli "CLUB3D", "GIGABYTE" ne- "MSI", umehluko othile ungatholakala ngoba ifuna ngamandla ayo ukusungula umehluko othile. Amanye amamodeli afana ne- "POWERCOLOR" e-AMD amele imodeli ye- "EVGA" ku-NVIDIA.

Siphinde sibe namamodeli afana ne- "GECUBE" akhiqizwe yi-AMD afana nemodeli ye- "POINT OF VIEW" evela kuNVIDIA. Ikhadi le- "XFX" le-AMD limele i- "GAINWARD" ku-NVIDIA, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i- "SAPPHIRE" iku-AMD lokho okuyi- "ZOTAC" oku-NVIDIA.

Amanye amamodeli asenelungelo lobunikazi awakwazi ukusebenzisa amagama afanayo, ukufana kwamagama kuthinta amakhadi evidiyo asekhulile kodwa asenziwa emhlabeni, kumakhompyutha abiza kancane.

Imiphumela ebonakalayo

Umphumela wokugcina wenqubo ekhulisiwe eyenza umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo ubonakaliswa lapho kuchazwa incazelo yekhadi esikrinini. Ngemuva kwalokho sibheka izinqumo ezahlukahlukene zesikrini nemidwebo emihle lapho ikhadi levidiyo lisebenza ngendlela emangalisayo.

Kuyafana nangemidlalo yevidiyo, ngoLwesine bayajabula lapho bengazijabulisa futhi babambe iqhaza emidlalweni yevidiyo lapho izithombe zingekhwalithi engenakulinganiswa. Ngokufanayo, izinzuzo ze-Virtual Reality nemiphumela ye-3D zihlala zinqunywa ngekhwalithi nokusebenza kahle kwekhadi levidiyo.

Lezi zithombe nemiphumela yokubuka kudalwe ngokuphelele umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo. Kepha akukhiqizwa kuphela imiphumela yokubuka, amakhadi wevidiyo nawo angakhipha izinsiza ezifana nokulandelayo:

Ukufiphaza, Kuyindlela yokwenza i-pixelation evumela ukubeka imiphumela ehlukahlukene kuma-vertices avumela ukukhulisa ukukhanyisa nohlamvu lwesibalo, ngaleli fomu ukukhanyisa okuhle, izehlakalo zemvelo zangempela, cishe izindawo zangempela nokwakheka nakho kuyatholakala.
Inikezwe, kuyindlela yokwenziwa kobubanzi obuphezulu obunamandla obubizwa nge-HDR. Okuyindlela yesimanje kakhulu evumela ukumela uhla lwamazinga okuqina afana nezigcawu zangempela. Lo mphumela ukuvumela ukuthi ubheke ukukhanya okuqondile nezithunzi ezicishe zifane neqiniso. Inomanduleli wayo esicwebezelweni esivamile futhi ayikuvumeli ukushelelisa onqenqemeni.
I-Sub Staging, ikuvumela ukuthi wenze ukulungisa okuthile ukugwema ukuhexa noma ukuba khona kwamaphethelo afana neseha, afana kakhulu nalawo anephikseli. Lo mphumela uvumela ukucubungula ukumelwa kwamajika nemigqa ethambekele ezindaweni ezingaphambili. Kwesinye isikhathi abasebenzisi bayabadida nge-pixelation.
Ukugxila kokuhamba nokujula, yizinhlobo ezimbili zemiphumela efiphele esiza ukuthuthukisa ubuqiniso bezithombe, yenziwa lapho kukhona into ehambayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umphumela wokujula wuhlobo lwesithombe esilufifi esivumela into noma isibalo ukuthi sibe kude.
Ama-Textures uhlobo lobuchwepheshe obufakiwe kumakhadi wevidiyo. Ikuvumela ukuthi ungeze imininingwane yendawo kwamanye amamodeli aguqula izinto nezinombolo. Lo mphumela awukhuphuli ubunzima bezibalo uqobo.
I-Flicker, lolu hlobo lomphumela lusiza ukucubungula umphumela owenziwe yimithombo ekhanyayo kulensi yekhamera. Kusebenza kahle kakhulu kwezinye izimo futhi ikakhulukazi emidlalweni yevidiyo.
Ukuboniswa okukhethekile, kuvela cishe kuwo wonke amakhadi evidiyo futhi kubizwa nangokuthi "Umphumela weFresnel". Idala isithombe sesibuko esiboniswa entweni ngokuya ngokuma kwayo esikrinini, kepha umphumela uyanda lapho into ikwi-engeli enyukile.
ITessellation yindlela yokusebenzisa isikhundla samapholigoni ukuze kwakheke izibalo zejometri.Inhloso yalobu buchwepheshe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izibalo ngokwazo azibukeki zicabalele.

Ukwehluleka kwekhadi levidiyo

Kwesinye isikhathi ukunwetshwa kwekhadi levidiyo ukuze uthole isivinini esingcono sokusebenzisa kungadala ezinye izinkinga lapho wenza okuthile kukhompyutha. Ukukhulisa amandla nokusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo kubalulekile ukuthi unake izinto ezimbalwa.

Ukwazi okuncane ngokusebenza kwemodeli yemishini, unyaka nomkhiqizi kungakusiza ufunde kabanzi ngokuxazulula izinkinga ezingavela ngokuzumayo. Akulungele ukuguqulela amandla aphezulu ekhadini levidiyo ngaphandle kokwazi izici zekhompyutha.

Lapho kwethulwa i-hardware entweni yokusebenza, kungenzeka ukuthi kunenkinga ethile ezwakala ngekhompyutha futhi ikakhulukazi ngekhadi levidiyo. Le nkinga ingaxazululwa lapho kwaziwa uphawu nenkinga ekhonjiswa yikhompyutha nokuthi ikhadi liqala ukubonakala.

Njengamadivayisi amaningi. Umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo uqala ukwehluleka lapho kubonakala ezinye izimpawu esibukweni ezingalimaza enye idivayisi kukhompyutha ngisho nakwimemori.

Ukusebenza kwesinye isikhathi nakho kuthobela izibuyekezo ze-Driver. Kepha ake sibone ukuthi ziyini lezo zimpawu. Sivela endaweni ethile noma ngqo lapho ikhadi levidiyo lisebenza nezinkinga.

Ukubukeka kwezinto eskrinini.

Lesi simo singenzeka lapho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sibona izinto zobuciko ezahlukahlukene zivela esibukweni ngaphandle kwesizathu, ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi kungani zivele zingazelele futhi zinyamalale. Isithombe sihlanekezelwe futhi ubucayi baso bulahlekile, lokhu kungenzeka ngoba ikhadi alicubunguli inqubo oyifunayo.

Iphuzu ukuthi izinto ze-3D ziyakhubazeka futhi zilahlekelwe ukucushwa kwazo. Ngendlela engabonisa inkinga ebonakaliswa ngophawu olungagwemeki. Lapho-ke umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo uphansi futhi kuyanconywa ngokushesha ukwenza ukulungisa okudingekayo noma ukukushintsha.

Umsindo omkhulu wabalandeli

Kungaba khona icala lapho ifeni lilimele. Lesi simo singadala umsindo ongakhululekile ezintweni zokusebenza. Ngakho-ke futhi kungadala ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa ekhadini levidiyo.

Inkinga ingenzeka uma uvula ikhompyutha noma noma nini nganoma isiphi isikhathi lapho isebenza khona. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lawa madivayisi anokuphila okusebenzisekayo kweminyaka embalwa, isincomo ukuwashintsha ngokushesha.

Izinkinga zomshayeli

Kungenzeka ukuthi isikrini ngokungazelelwe siba mnyama imizuzwana embalwa ngaphandle kwesizathu. Bese kuthi ngemuva kwemizuzwana embalwa ikhompyutha ivule futhi imininingwane ehlobene nokuvuselelwa kwabashayeli ivele, ngakho-ke ikhompyutha kufanele iqale phansi.

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokugwema le nkinga; okokuqala uma kwenzeka futhi kungenxa yezizathu ukuthi ikhadi levidiyo liveza ukwehluleka. Lapho-ke uma usebenzisa okokusebenza ngezinhloso ezilula ukulungiselela eminye imibhalo bese uxhuma ku-inthanethi kuphela. Qhubeka nokukhubaza izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo zesoftware nezokushayela.

Okokugcina, uma inkinga iqhubeka ngokushesha, shayela isazi sekhompyutha yakho ukuze sikuhlole ngokushesha. Zama ukugwema ukuthi inkinga ingakhokhiswa intela ngokushiywa noma ngokunganaki.

Isikrini esimnyama

Kwesinye isikhathi kuvame ukwenzeka ukuthi isikrini siba mnyama bese siba mnyama ngokuphelele. Kepha kulokhu isikrini asivuli futhi asibonisi imininingwane. okunconywayo ukucela ushintsho lwekhadi elihlanganiswe kubhodi yomama. Noma kunjalo, ungazama ikhadi levidiyo elishibhile ukwazi ngempela ukuthi ngabe inkinga ivela lapho.

Ama-GPU anquma ukusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo, kepha ukusebenza kunqunywa ikakhulukazi yi-bandwidth. Ukuhambisana kwamakhadi evidiyo nekhompyutha noma isistimu yokusebenza nakho kungadala izinkinga ekusebenzeni kwesiqapha.

Indlela enziwa ngayo amakhadi ingahle inqume ukuthi amanye awo angenziwa ngemikhawulo ethile. Ngamanye amagama, ukunwetshwa ngakunye nokwenziwa kwamakhadi wevidiyo kuqinisekiswa kuphela yinkampani ekhiqizayo. Lokhu, noma kunjalo, akuqinisekisi ukuthi ama-chip nezinye izinto ezivumela ukuhlangana kwekhadi, kungaba okungcono kakhulu.

Ngalesi sizathu, ukwehluleka okuthile kungakhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokwenziwa nokuhlanganiswa.Amiklamo ayiphazamisi ukwehluleka kwemboni; ngakho-ke kusezandleni zabahlanganisi nabenzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka komkhiqizo. Abanye baze babe nezinkinga zokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokuhambisana nezinhlelo ezisebenzayo.

Izixazululo

Ukugwema ukuwohloka kokusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo kubalulekile ukwazi izixazululo ezithile ezilula. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unciphise izinkinga futhi wazi ngempela ukuthi kwenzekani ngeso elibukhali noma ikhadi levidiyo.

Buyekeza abashayeli

Kuyindlela yokuzama ukuxazulula ukulimala okuthile okwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, ngokuvalwa okungalindelekile kwezinhlelo, ukukhokha okungadingekile, isibuko esimnyama phakathi kokunye.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukungavuseleli abashayeli kungaholela enkingeni yokumisa. Amanye amadivayisi aklanyelwe ukubuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma nganoma yisiphi isizathu abashayeli babuyekeziwe. Bheka abashayeli abadala bese ubabuyekeza.

Shintsha ukulungiswa nombala

Ukushisa ngokweqile okubangelwa ukwehluleka kumadivayisi okupholisa kungadala ukuhamba kancane lapho kukhona nasekuthuthukiseni ihluzo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezethulwa ngefomethi ye-3D. Zama ukuhlola ukushisa kwemishini; Akudingekile ukuba ne-thermometer esandleni ukwazi ukuthi izinga lokushisa likhuphukile ekhadini levidiyo lekhompyutha.

Ngokuthinta nje ingaphansi le-laptop noma uthinte i-CPU, ungazizwa uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi inkinga ivela othulini olweqile hhayi ezinkingeni zangempela ngohlelo lokupholisa ikhadi levidiyo.

Ukunyakaza

Ukuhamba njalo kwemishini nakho kungadala uhlobo oluthile lomonakalo noma inkinga. Ungabeki okokusebenza ezindaweni lapho kunokudlidlizela futhi kuncike ekunyakazeni okungazelelwe. Uma uhambisa imishini, yenza kanjalo ngobumnene. i-hard drive ne-video card fusion kungathinteka ngokudlidliza ngokweqile.

Bheka ukuxhumana

Kubalulekile ukuthi uzibonele mathupha uma kukhona izintambo noma izixhumi ezidala izinkinga. Ungaletha ngisho nesimo esingahle sulphated noma umane ungenzi othintana naye ofanele. Hlola isimo sezintambo uma ngabe ngayinye ixhumeke kahle. Endabeni yezintambo zohlobo lwe-HDMI, zizwela kakhulu futhi uma zingaxhumani ngokuqinile zingalahlekelwa umsindo nezinye izinhlobo zokubonisa.

Hlola ukuqapha.

Ukuqapha kukholakala ukuthi kuyisandiso somsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo. Kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi inkinga ivela impela kuqapha; kwesinye isikhathi ukholwa ukuthi iphutha livela ekhadini levidiyo. Kunconywa ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okufaka nokushiya ikhadi uqobo. Uma inkinga iqhubeka, beka esinye isikrini uma ikhompyutha yedeskithophu.

Shintsha ikhadi

Uma uthola ukuthi azikho izincomo ezixazulule noma yini, yenza ushintsho lwekhadi levidiyo. Uma ungazi ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani, thintana nochwepheshe wekhompyutha noma uthathe imishini uye nayo esikhungweni sokulungisa; bazokwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi bangaxazulula kanjani noma bashintshe kanjani ikhadi levidiyo. Khumbula ukucela ukuthi ukufaka esikhundleni kwenziwe okufanayo.

Isincomo sethu ukuthi ucele ikhadi elilimele futhi, ngokwakho, thola lapho ungalithola khona elinezici ezifanayo. Lokhu kuvumela imishini ukuthi iveze ukucushwa okufanayo futhi ngemuva kokuthi uchwepheshe eqhubeke nokufaka ikhadi lemifanekiso ngohlelo lokusebenza olufanele.