Qaphela kumanethiwekhi! Kungenzeka kube nabantu abafuna ukuthola imininingwane yakho yangasese. Esihlokweni esilandelayo sizokutshela:yini uqhekeko nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani.
Yini i-cracker?
Njengamanje, kunezingozi eziningi uma kukhulunywa ngokuba nemininingwane yakho kwi-intanethi, kungani ngisho iqiniso lokuthi ukuxhumana nabantu livula umnyango kubantu abaningi abazokusebenzisa lokho kuwe, ngoba iqiniso nje lokubeka igama lakho lokuqala , isibongo nosuku lokuzalwa, kungasetshenziselwa omunye umuntu ukudala ubunikazi.
Futhi lokhu kumayelana nemininingwane yomphakathi, kepha kuthiwani ngaleyo ekukhompyutha yakho noma ifoni yakho? Le mishini ingaqukatha imininingwane esondelene kakhulu ne-akhawunti yethu yasebhange, lokhu kungakwenza ube isisulu sokwebiwa kwemali noma ngisho nokuphangwa.
Laba bantu abenza lezi zenzo zokucekela phansi impahla baziwa njenge-cracker. Kodwa yini ngempela umqhekeki? Lokhu kuvame ukudideka ne-hacker, kepha empeleni kukhona umehluko.
Ama-Crackers ngabantu abanolwazi lokuthi bangafinyelela kanjani ngokungekho emthethweni ezinhlelweni zezinkampani zangaphandle, babakhohlisa ngamakhodi wokufinyelela noma amakhodi abanawo. Lokhu kujwayelekile ezinhlelweni ezazidinga ilayisense noma ikhodi ukuze isebenze ngaphambilini, kuba lapha lapho kungenelela umgibeli, kwakheka uhlelo olwenza ukuthi kusebenze noma kusetshenziswe amakhodi we-serial, kepha ngokusobala, lokhu kungokufakelwa, okusho ukuthi, kunqanyuliwe enkampanini noma ebhizinisini elakuthengisele ilayisense ekuqaleni.
Izinhlelo ezenziwa yilaba bantu zenza lawa makhodi wokufakelwa ngokusebenzisa ama-algorithms wokuhlela "aqhekeka".
Laba bantu ababizwa ngama-cracker kumele babe nolwazi oluningi ngamakhompiyutha nangamakhompiyutha, kepha bekungeke kufane ne-hacker kanye nezigaba zabo ezihlukile, ngakho-ke kufanele kuqikelelwe ukuthi kungadidaniswa lawa magama amabili. Okulandelayo, sizocacisa ukuthi ungumphangi:
Yini umgengezi?
IHacker yaziwa ngabantu abanolwazi oluphakeme ngamakhompyutha, ikhompyutha, izinhlelo, phakathi kwabanye; Lokhu kusho ukuthi unguchwepheshe ngayo yonke into ephathelene namakhompyutha. Ngokuya ngemisebenzi noma izinhloso laba bantu abafuna ukuzifeza, zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ngoba okuphambene nalokho abantu abaningi abakukholelwayo, akubona bonke abaduni ababi, ngakho-ke ngezansi, sizochaza ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba:
Abaduni besigqoko esimnyama
NgesiNgisi zaziwa ngokuthi "Isigqoko esimnyama", lokhu yilokho abazama ukuntshontsha imininingwane, ukufaka amaseva noma ukwephula ukuphepha kwamakhompyutha okungekona okwabo. Ngendlela efanayo, bazama ukuhambisa imibono okungeyona eyabo futhi bathole imali ekhokhelwa abanye abasebenzisi.
Lezi zinhlobo zabantu yizo okufanele uzinakekele, ngoba zingakwazi nokufinyelela kumanethiwekhi aphephile ukwenza izinto ezinjengalezi: ukulahla imininingwane noma ukuyenza ingabi namsebenzi kumuntu obekwazi ukufinyelela ngokomthetho.
Lezi zaziwa nangokuthi abaqhekeki futhi zinenhloso yokwephula amasistimu aphephile kumakhompyutha, ukufinyelela ezindaweni eziphephile, ukudala amagciwane kwamanye amakhompyutha, ukushintsha izingxenye zohlelo, ukweba imininingwane yasebhange ngisho nokudlulisa imininingwane engamanga kumanethiwekhi, okwenza kubonakale kuyiqiniso . Abantu abaningi bomphakathi abafana nomongameli nosaziwayo bathintekile ngalaba bantu, balimaza isithombe sabo esidlangalaleni.
Abaduni besigqoko esimhlophe
Ngokungafani nalokhu okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, laba baduni baziwa ukuthi bahle. Lezi zinhlobo zabantu zenza umsebenzi wokuthola amaphutha angaba khona ezinhlelweni futhi ziwaphelelise, zenze kube nokuvikeleka okuqinile, ukuvimbela abaduni bezigqoko ezimnyama ukuthi bangazithathi.
Ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe uhlelo luphephile yini, kwesinye isikhathi bangaluphula, kepha konke lokhu ngaphandle kwezinhloso ezimbi, kuphela ukulivivinya nokulungisa noma yiziphi izinkinga zokuphepha ongahle ube nazo.
Isigqoko sesigqoko esimpunga
Baziwa njengabaduni abangathathi hlangothi, bangaba nohlangothi oluhle nohlangothi olubi, kepha abangeni kwesinye isigqoko esimhlophe noma ukuhlukaniswa kwezigqoko ezimnyama, ngoba bancika nhlangothi zombili.
Lolu hlobo lwe-hacker lungaphula noma luphule uhlelo, bese lwazisa umuntu oluphethe bese ekugcineni lucela isizumbulu semali ukulungisa abakwenzile, ngamanye amazwi, lungaziwa njengomkhonyovu, kepha ngokungafani nesigqoko esimnyama sabaduni, ngeke bahlambalaze noma bantshontshe imininingwane, kepha bazolungisa isenzo sabo, yingakho bengakwazi ukungena kusigaba sesigqoko esimhlophe.
Umehluko phakathi kweCracker neHacker
Abaduni, njengoba sishilo phambilini, bangongoti kwezamakhompiyutha nakuma-informatics, abanolwazi ngohlelo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, phakathi kwabanye, kepha akuhlali kuphuma ebubini, kepha ngoba balambele ulwazi futhi bathola izinto ezahlukahlukene, futhi sebenzisa lawo makhono ukusiza abanye. Ezikhathini eziningi, kungaba ngabezindaba, lapho abantu bevame ukudideka futhi bakholelwe ukuthi bonke abaduni ababi, kanti empeleni abanye bangasebenzela uhulumeni.
Ngokungafani nalaba, abaqaphi bangabantu abaphula ukuphepha kwamakhompyutha, kungaba ngezizathu zomuntu siqu zokuthola imali noma ukulimaza abanye abasebenzisi, yingakho igama elithi cracker livela ku- «Criminal Hacker» (NgeSpanishi kungaba iHacker Criminal noma i-virtual vandal) . Leli gama lenziwa ngo-1985 ukuze likwazi ukuhlukanisa isigebengu esiqhekezayo.
Ukuthola umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesigelekeqe nesiqhekeki, sikumema ukuthi ubuke ividiyo elandelayo:
Izinhlobo ze-cracker
Ngokuqondene nabaqhekezi, kunezinhlobo ezithile ezithile ezibaluleke kakhulu ngaphakathi kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungawahlukanisa kanjani futhi wazi ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezenziwa yilowo nalowo, ngakho-ke sizochaza ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo:
- Ama-Crackers Esistimu: Bangabantu abanolwazi maqondana nezinhlelo, ezephula izinhlelo, eziguqula ukwakheka kwabo kwasekuqaleni.
- Ama-Crypto Crackers: Luhlobo lwe-cracker engilwazi oluphethe amakhodi wokuqhekeka, owaziwa nangokuthi ikhefu le-cryptographic.
- I-Phreaker: bangochwepheshe emisebenzini yocingo noma kubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana ngocingo. Ngendlela efanayo, banolwazi ngama-elekthronikhi asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zocingo.
Bangaba nezinhloso eziningi, njengoku: ukuhlola izingxoxo zocingo, ukuthola izingcingo zamahhala, ukwephula ukuphepha kwezingcingo, ukuqopha izingcingo, phakathi kwabanye.
- I-Cyberpunk: Uluhlobo lomqaphi othatha imisebenzi yabanye abantu futhi azame ukuyicekela phansi. Bayesaba kakhulu amakhasi we-inthanethi noma izinhlelo.
Inqubo eyenziwa ngumqaphi
Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi i-cracker iyini, kufanele wazi ukuthi inqubo abayenzayo ukufaka inethiwekhi iyini, lokhu kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu: ukukhetha, ukuhlanganisa nokuqedela. Okulandelayo, sizokwenza incazelo emfushane ngayinye yalezi:
- Ukukhethwa: Lesi yisigaba lapho ukhetha khona, kuya ngenhloso yokuqhekeka, inethiwekhi ofuna ukuyiphula. Lokhu kungenziwa ngenhloso yomuntu siqu, yezepolitiki noma enye into ngokubanzi.
Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yini, okokuqala, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi lapho ufuna ukufinyelela khona kubuthakathaka futhi kuyintekenteke, lokhu kuzokwenziwa ngokuhlola ukufinyelela komsebenzisi ofuna ukumhlasela. Yini itheku? Yizikhala ezinamakhompiyutha uma kukhulunywa ngokuthola idatha, eza nge-network, uma la machweba evulekile, okusho ukuthi, uma ephendula, yilapho i-cracker izongena khona.
- Ukuhlanganiswa: lesi yisikhathi lapho umqhekeki ezoqoqa lonke ulwazi alutholile, ukuze afake uhlelo lwakho. Bazothatha lonke ulwazi olubalulekile kubo, ngisho nakudoti okukukhompyutha baze bafinyelele kumadokhumenti abalulekile akusiza ukufeza inhloso oqale ukuyibeka.
- Iyaphela: Kuleli qophelo, ilitshe ligcine selihlaselwe kepha umqhekeki usengcupheni, njengoba kungatholwa yizinhlelo zokuphepha kwamakhompyutha.
Kusho ukuthini ukuqhekeka?
Ingabhalwa futhi ngokuthi "Ukuqhekeka" noma ibizwa nge- "Computer Crack", yigama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza lapho kwenziwa umzamo wokukhohlisa uhlelo noma uhlelo ngephasiwedi yokufakelwa noma ukhiye, olwenziwe ngolimi lohlelo. Lokhu kusobala ngaphandle kwemvume yomuntu owenze uhlelo lwangempela, okuholela ekutheni isoftware yoqobo isebenze ngokwehlukile kunalokho okudaliwe.
Ngokuya ngenhloso yalokhu "kuqhekeka", kunamagama amabili asetshenzisiwe ukubhekisa kubo:
- Umsebenzisi: kuyaziwa ngaleyo ndlela lapho kulula, empeleni, leli gama alaziwa kangako ngokuqhekeka, ngoba lisetshenziselwa kuphela ukuthola inzuzo yohlelo lokusebenza ezingeni lokuhweba. Laba bantu basebenzisa uhlelo kuphela, kepha abenzi umsebenzi onzima njengokwenza uhlelo.
- Cracker: lokhu bekungaba "Crack" okumsulwa, ngoba ubuchule bezinhlelo ezingasetshenziswa ngokugcwele buzocaciswa, kuguqulwe umsebenzi wokuqala noma kuguqulwe izingeniso.
Kuyini ukuchibiyela?
Uma sikhuluma nge-patch, kusho ukuthi lapho kwenziwa izinguquko ohlelweni oluthile. Imvamisa maqondana nekhompyutha, ukubeka "isichibi" kusho ukuthi izinguquko zenzelwe okungcono: ukulungisa okuthile, ukufaka umsebenzi omusha kuso, ukungeza isibuyekezo, phakathi kwabanye.
Ngokuqondene nabaqhekezi, ingasetshenziswa ukushintsha, ukufaka noma ukususa imiyalo ukuze kwephule noma kudlule ukuphepha kokusebenzisekayo.
Ungakugwema kanjani ukuqhekeka?
Ngemuva kokwazi ukuthi i-cracker, kufanele wazi ukuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuhlaselwa okungavela kokukodwa. Ungaqapheli, kungenzeka ukuthi wenza izinto ezikushiya ungenakho ukuzivikela ekwephuleni ubumfihlo bakho, kungani izinto ezilula kakhulu zingadala ukuthi ikhompyutha yakho ivezwe obala.
Ukuphepha kwamakhompiyutha kufanele kuthathwe ngokungathi sína kakhulu, ngoba bekungeke kuthinte wena kuphela, uma kungenjalo umndeni wakho, khona-ke sizokutshela izinkinga nezisombululo ezingaba khona zalokhu:
Amaphasiwedi alula
Noma umqhekeki onolwazi oluncane angayiqhekeza iphasiwedi yakho, uma lolu kuwusuku lwakho lokuzalwa, kungaba lula njengokuya kunoma yimaphi amanethiwekhi wakho wokuxhumana nomphakathi futhi useshe imininingwane yakho yangasese; Kungakho kufanele uzimisele ngokusungula eyodwa. Gcina lokhu engqondweni: Uma kulula kuwe, kulula koqhekezayo; Lokhu akusho ukuthi kufanele kube nzima kakhulu, njengoba ungakukhohlwa kalula.
Kunconywa ukuthi kube yigama elingahleliwe elinezinhlamvu ezingaphezu kwezingu-8, kungaba yigama elide olikhumbulayo, ungazama nokubeka amagama amabili ahlukaniswe inkathi noma ibha, ungabeka nezinombolo, kepha khumbula lokho kumele kube yinto elula ukuze ingakudidisi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Qaphela i-Wi-Fi
Uma uhlela ukwenza okuthile okuyimfihlo njengokungena ku-akhawunti yasebhange, gwema ukusebenzisa i-Wi-Fi esesidlangalaleni, ngoba lokhu kukushiya njengenhloso elula yokuthi umqhekeki uyini. Akuwenzi mehluko uma "kungomzuzu nje", leso sikhathi esifushane, singanikeza isigqoko esimnyama isigqoko esimnyama iphasiwedi yakho ngoqwembe lwesiliva futhi sikwazi ukufinyelela kalula kwi-akhawunti yakho ukweba imali yakho.
Ukuthenga ku-inthanethi
Amakhasi amaningi njengamanje anikela ngenketho yokuthenga cishe, lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kepha eyodwa eyaziwayo ukufaka inombolo yekhadi lakho, ikheli, phakathi kwabanye. Uma la makhasi engavikelwe yi-HTTPS, kungenzeka ukuthi adalwe ngabaqhekezi ukweba imininingwane yakho yangasese.
Uyazi ukuthi ubheka kanjani ukuthi isiza liphephile yini? Yebo, ngaphambi kokungeza i-URL noma ikheli lesayithi, kufanele kube khona umshwalense omncane oluhlaza, nalokhu uzokwazi ukuthi ngabe isiza osifakayo siphephile yini. Uma singakuthathi ngokungathí sina lokhu, singaba yizisulu zokwebiwa noma senze ngomgunyathi.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi iziphi izitolo ezihamba phambili online ongazithenga, sikumema ukuthi uvakashele i-athikili elandelayo: Izitolo ezihamba phambili online emhlabeni.
I-Phishing
Le yindlela ejwayelekile phakathi kwabaqhekezi, kusekelwe ekubuzeni abasebenzisi imininingwane yomuntu ngezixhumanisi. Abantu abanolwazi oluncane kumanethiwekhi yibo abavame ukuba yizisulu zalokhu.
Noma yiluphi uhlobo lolwazi lungatholakala ngale ndlela, kungaba: igama, iphasiwedi nendawo.