da tsarin aiki na wayar hannu Waɗannan jerin ƙananan software ne ko shirye -shiryen da aka dace da wayoyin hannu don samun ayyuka daban -daban inda mai amfani zai iya morewa, ƙarin koyo game da su ta hanyar karanta wannan labarin.
Tsarin wayar salula
An san ta da taƙaƙƙƙun kalmomin da ake kira "SO", suna wakiltar tsarin shirye -shiryen da aka sanya akan wayarku don cimma ingantaccen aiki da gamsar da buƙatun masu amfani. Kowane samfurin wayar salula, musamman abin da ake kira smart phones, yana da tsarin aiki wanda ke ba shi damar yin aiki yadda ya kamata.
Wannan manhaja ta yi kama da ta kwamfuta, sun bambanta da ta saboda ta ƙunshi aikace -aikace da umarni daban -daban. Mafi yawan tsarin aiki na wayar hannu suna cikin wannan tsari Android, iOS, Windows Phone da BlackBerry OS.
Kowane kamfani yana kera nau'in shirin bisa ga takamaiman wayar salula. Wato, dangane da samfurin Smartphone, an sanya wani nau'in shirin wanda ya dace da yanayin wannan wayar.
Tsarin aiki na wayar hannu ya fi sauƙi fiye da waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin kwamfutoci, ana haɗa su da babban kashi tare da haɗin mara waya. Bayanan da aka sarrafa akan na'urorin tafi -da -gidanka suma suna da tsari daban -daban, kamar sauti, hotuna, da bidiyo.
Wasu wayoyin ba su haɗa da wasu shirye -shirye waɗanda ke cikin software a kan wasu kwamfutoci ba. Dangane da tsarin Android, a mafi yawan lokuta ba shi da shirye -shiryen sarrafa takardu, editan bidiyo na hoto da sauran aikace -aikace. Masu amfani yakamata su nemi aikace -aikace akan dandamali daban -daban waɗanda ƙila su dace da waɗannan tsarukan.
Amfanin waɗannan tsarukan aiki shine cewa ta hanyar haɗin bayanai ko Wi Fi, da kuma samun ingantaccen ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ana iya samun ayyuka da yawa, zazzage aikace -aikace daban -daban ta shagunan daban -daban. Amma bari mu ga ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da wannan duniyar mai ban sha'awa na tsarin aiki ta hannu.
Ta yaya suke aiki
Tsarin aiki na wayar hannu suna kama da juna. Ire -iren da masana'antun ke bayar da kamfanonin wayar salula, a zahiri sun ƙunshi nau'o'i daban -daban masu kama da ƙwaƙwalwar RAM da software na kwamfuta. Ba su damar haɓaka ayyukansu.
Waɗannan kayayyaki sun ƙunshi jerin ayyuka waɗanda ke ɗauke da ayyuka daban -daban. Ta wannan hanyar, sun zama cikakkiyar tsarin aiki na Smartphone, bari mu ga yadda ake yin tsarin aiki na wayar hannu.
Kayan aiki
Lokacin da muka kunna Smartphone, wani tsari nan da nan zai fara inda ake kunna wasu matakai da albarkatu da ake kira kayayyaki waɗanda ke kunna aikace -aikacen. Waɗannan ayyuka sune abin da ke ba wa wayar damar kunna ayyuka cikin mintuna kaɗan.
Kowace waya ta ƙunshi tsarin aiki wanda ya ƙunshi kayayyaki da umarni. Wanne ke ba da umarni ga RAM don su yi aiki yadda yakamata. Kowane module da ɓangaren software na tsarin aiki na wayar hannu, yana da mahimmanci sarrafa kowane aiki.
Suna da taimako ƙwarai kuma suna yin tsari mai faɗi na ayyuka masu ban sha'awa sosai. Tsarin wayar salula ya shahara sosai a duk duniya, babu adadi na musamman na yawan wayoyin da ake kera su a kowace shekara.
Masu amfani suna ko'ina cikin duniya kuma kamfanin yana haɓaka samfura daban -daban kowace shekara. Hakanan suna tsoma baki tare da canje -canje na kayan aikin aiki, amma bari mu ga yadda mafi mahimman kayayyaki ke aiki.
Kwaya
Ƙaramin software ne wanda ke wakiltar gadar haɗi tsakanin kayan aiki da software, yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman sassan Linux da tsarin aikin Android. Yana ba ku damar gudanar da shirye -shirye azaman gata. A takaice dai, yana ba da damar sadarwa tsakanin bangarorin biyu na wayar hannu, yana ba da rayuwa ga ayyukan.
Kernel kernel yana sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar RAM don sa ya zama mafi inganci kuma duk da kamanceceniya da tsarin sarrafa kwamfuta. Hakanan yana samar da ginshiƙan da ke yin ayyuka da yawa. Kamfanin Linux ne ya kirkiro wannan nau'in manhaja kuma an daidaita shi a farkon 2006 zuwa wayoyin salula masu wayo.
Gudun aikace -aikace
Ana gudanar da aikace -aikacen ta hanyar yanayin gudanarwa wanda ke ba da damar yin odar aikin aikace -aikace daban -daban. Yana ba ku damar amfani da musaya daban -daban don samun damar buɗe aikace -aikace daban -daban a lokaci guda. Waɗannan na iya zama masu shirye -shirye ta masu haɓakawa. Wannan daga baya ya basu damar fadada ingancin aikace -aikacen.
Tsaka-tsaki
Wannan nau'in manhaja ya ƙunshi ginshiƙai da dama waɗanda ke ba da damar karɓar aikace -aikace a wayoyin hannu. Yana ba da damar kafa ƙwarewa da dacewa da wasu App a wayoyin salula.
A gefe guda, suna kuma ba masu amfani da sabis na injin aika saƙon, sadarwa na codec multimedia don samun damar kallon bidiyo ta hanyoyi daban -daban, fassara shafukan yanar gizo. Daga cikin wasu aikace -aikacen, Middleware yana ba ku damar sarrafa na'urar a cikin al'amuran tsaro.
Da ke dubawa
Wannan tsarin aikin yana ba da damar gudanar da sadarwa tsakanin mai amfani da wayar tarho. Tsarin wayar salula ya bambanta sosai, ta yadda idan mutum ya taɓa allon don kunnawa da sanin aikin sa, ƙirar tana kula da aiwatar da umarnin da ake nema.
Wannan hanyar aiki tana ba ku damar nuna godiya ga gabatarwar ayyuka na ayyukan da suka haɗa da abubuwa daban -daban na hoto. Buttons, menus daban -daban, allo da motsi daban -daban an haɗa su waɗanda ke ba da bayyanar gani daban -daban ga abubuwan gabatarwa. Mai amfani yana karɓar sabis na hulɗa inda ake aiwatar da buƙatun da aka yi akan na'urar nan da nan. wannan shine yadda ke dubawa ke aiki.
Menene tsarin aikin wayar hannu?
Fiye da shekaru 10 da abin da ake kira wayoyin zamani suka shigo kasuwa, amsar su a cikin jama'a yana da mahimmanci, don haka cunkoso ya fara faruwa a duk duniya. Smartphone na farko da ya kawo sauyi a duniyar wayoyin salula sune BlackBerry.
Wannan nau'in na’urar tana da aikace -aikace da kayayyaki daban -daban waɗanda ke ba wa mutane damar yin ayyuka daban -daban waɗanda a ’yan shekarun da suka gabata aka yi su a kan kwamfutoci. Tsarin aiki na BlackBerry yana ba ku damar haɗi zuwa Intanet, zazzage aikace -aikace don wasanni, shirya hotuna, haɗa zuwa imel da ci gaba da hulɗa da hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa nan da nan.
A lokaci guda, Motorola yana aiwatar da tsarin Android ta hanya mai sauƙi, wanda a ƙarshen 2006 da farkon 2007 bai kasance mai amsawa kamar yadda yake a yau ba. Manyan kamfanonin sadarwa irin su Samsung, Apple, Sony, Ericsson da sauransu sun fara kera na'urori tare da allon tabawa da suka kawo sauyi a kasuwa.
Waɗannan na'urorin suna aiki tare da tsarin Android da Windows. A gefe guda, kamfanin Apple yana haɓaka tsarin aiki na iOS, wanda aka yi amfani da shi kawai don na'urorin kamfanin. Hakanan sabon abu ne cewa ya ba da damar zama abin tunatarwa ga sauran tsarin aiki da za a haɓaka daga baya. Kowane tsarin aiki na wayar hannu ya bawa masu amfani damar samun amsoshi cikin sauri da dacewa da bukatun su.
Fuskar ta kasance mai saurin sarrafawa kuma ta kasance mai sauƙin amfani. Ta wannan hanyar, sigogin tsarin aiki na wayar hannu sun girma don yin wasiyya ga waɗanda muke da su a halin yanzu a kasuwa a duk duniya. Suna ba da mafi kyawun sabis ga abokan ciniki inda aikace -aikacen da ayyukan ke bambanta sosai kuma suna aiki azaman kayan aiki don nishaɗi. Amma bari mu ga menene tsarin aiki na wayar hannu.
Android
Shine jagora na yanzu tsarin wayoyin salula, yana da asali a cikin tsarin Linux. Halittarsa da farko shine don yin ayyuka don kyamarorin ƙwararru. An sayar da tsarin ga Google wanda ya yi wasu gyare -gyare kuma ya sami damar daidaita shi zuwa na'urorin tarho.
Hakanan ana amfani da tsarin aikin wayar hannu ta Android a cikin allunan da ke sigogin wayoyin komai da ruwanka a cikin manyan sifofi. Masu haɓakawa suna neman hanyoyin da za su daidaita su zuwa kwamfutar PC da kwamfutar tafi -da -gidanka. Wanda ke aiwatar da sabuntawa da ci gaba na ƙirar Android shine kamfanin Google.
Andy Rubin ne ya ƙirƙira shi a 2003, Google ya samo tsarin aiki a 2005. Bayyanar farko kamar yadda muka sani a yau ita ce a 2007, lokacin da wasu wayoyin hannu suka fara mamaye kasuwar wayar hannu. Motorola da Samsung sune farkon wadanda suka damka na'urorin su ga Google don aiwatar da wannan tsarin aiki.
Android tana da kwaya (wanda aka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin) wanda ke ba da damar ayyuka masu kama -da -wane tsakanin software da kayan masarufi. Abin da ke kawo sauyi game da wannan nau'in tsarin aiki na wayar hannu shine cewa yana bawa masu amfani damar yin ayyuka ta hanyar taɓa allo da barin tsarin makullin jiki.
Kernel ya ba da izinin kafa lambobin java masu dacewa don a iya aiwatar da aikace -aikacen a lokacin da masu amfani ke buƙata. Wannan hanyar aiwatar da ayyukan yana ba da damar tsarin java don ɗaukar ikon aikace -aikacen kuma nuna su akan allon.
Amma ba za a iya aiwatar da waɗannan aikace -aikacen kai tsaye akan kwamfutoci ba, babu jituwa. Android tsarin aiki ne na wayar hannu mai buɗewa da ma'amala sosai.
Ya yi aiki azaman abin nuni a cikin sabuntawa ga sauran tsarin aiki na wayar hannu. Lasisin da Google ke da shi yana ba da damar kafa gyare -gyare ga masu haɓaka wayar salula da masana'antun. Don haka za su iya aiwatar da wasu bambance -bambancen idan dai sun ba da damar ci gaba da haɓaka ayyukan tsarin. Kuna iya ziyartar wannan labarin mai ban sha'awa Makomar gaskiya ta kamala
IOS tsarin
Tsarin aiki ne na wayar hannu don iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, da na'urorin Apple TV. Ya ƙunshi tsarin mai sauƙi wanda ke kula da aikace -aikace da yawa waɗanda ke sa masu amfani farin ciki da aikinsa. Ana ɗaukarsa kamfanin mafi girma na biyu na tsarin aiki ta hannu bayan Android.
Yana da tsari mai sauƙi kuma mai sauƙin aiki. A cikin duniya akwai miliyoyin masu amfani waɗanda ke neman irin wannan na'urar tunda ƙirar tana ba da damar ba da aikace -aikace iri -iri. Kayan aikin yana da inganci sosai kuma ana yin ayyukan cikin sauri. Kowace shekara kamfanin yana sabunta tsarin kuma ana samun sigogin da ke kawo wani nau'in bidi'a.
An kira tsarin a farkon iPhone OS, an kirkireshi ne don amfani dashi na musamman a cikin na'urorin da Apple ya ƙera. Daga baya an daidaita shi don taɓa wayoyin da suka fara fitowa a 2008. Tsarin yana da kama sosai kuma yana ɗaukar wasu kayan aiki daga tsarin Mac OS X, wanda shine umurnin aiki don kwamfutocin Macbook na kamfanin.
A farkon tsarin an daidaita shi ne kawai don na'urorin sauti, daga baya kuma an daidaita shi don taɓa wayoyi. Zuwa 2008 sun kasance shugabanni kuma sun canza kasuwa tare da sabbin abubuwan su. Daga baya, wasu na'urorin kamar Galaxy SII da SII daga kamfanin Samsung sun bayyana, wanda ya takaita ayyukan Apple.
Windows Phone
Wannan tsarin aiki na wayar hannu kamfanin Microsoft ne ya samar da shi, wanda a halin yanzu ake kira WS, shi ne magajin tsarin wayar salula na Windows Mobile. Wannan tsarin yana da masarrafa mai kama da tsarin Windows da ake amfani da kwamfutoci. Yana gabatar da aikace -aikace daban -daban da kayayyaki masu alaƙa da Skype, OneDrive da Xbox.
Shi ne tsarin aiki na uku bayan Android da iOS na Google, ya bayyana a kasuwa a tsakiyar 2015, lokacin da ya maye gurbin Windows Phone na dindindin. Yana da alaƙa da tsarin aiki don Windows 10 PCs, daga inda aka samo wasu albarkatu da kayan aiki. Wanda daga baya aka aiwatar da su a WS.
Tsarinsa mai sauqi ne kuma yana bawa masu amfani damar haɗi cikin sauri da sauƙi tare da mu'amalar taɓawa. Ana iya samun tsarin sarrafa wayar hannu ta irin wannan ta cikin kantin sayar da Windows don wayoyin hannu da kanta.
BlackBerryOS
Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin tsarin aiki na wayar hannu na farko don shiga kasuwa mai alaƙa da wayoyin komai da ruwanka. Kamfanin Research In Motion (RIM) ne ya haɓaka shi a cikin 2010, wanda ya gabatar da wasu sabbin fasali. Manufar ita ce ta yi gasa tare da sauran tsarin aiki na wayar hannu.
Kodayake tsarin BlackBerry ya kasance jagora kuma mai ƙira a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, yana mamaye kasuwar wayoyin salula, yana sanya ƙirar wayar sa tare da tsarin aiki na BlackBerry, wanda masu amfani suka karɓe shi sosai a cikin nau'ikan sa.
Waɗannan sigogin sun dace da tsarin aiki daban -daban da aka ƙera don ƙirar wayar salula. Wannan yana bawa abokan ciniki damar samun wayoyin komai da ruwanka tare da sabbin aikace -aikace masu inganci. Daga baya, tare da bayyanar na'urorin taɓawa ta hannu, tsarin BB ya ɗauki kujerar baya.
Kamfanin RIM ya yi ƙoƙarin sanya tsarin aiki na BlackBerry 6 musamman wanda aka yi niyya a kasuwar kamfanoni. An saki wasu sigogin taɓa BlackBerry tare da wannan tsarin aiki na BB6 amma ba tare da wani kyakkyawan amsa daga masu amfani ba.
Daga nan masu haɓakawa sun mai da hankali kan haɓaka tsarin aiki wanda aka keɓe na musamman ga ɓangaren watsa labarai, daidaita kayayyaki da ayyuka tare da hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa da saƙon nan take. Har zuwa yau, masu amfani ba su ba da amsa da ake tsammanin ba.
Symbian OS
Ya kasance wani ɓangare na tsarin aiki na wayar hannu da aka haɗa don haɓaka haɓakawa ɗaya. Haɗin kai tsakanin Nokia a matsayin babban mai haɓakawa tare da Sony Ericsson, Samsung, Siemens, BenQ, Fujitsu, Lenovo, LG, da Motorola, sun ba da damar haɓaka tsarin ƙira wanda ke da babban tasiri na ɗan lokaci.
An kirkiri tsarin ne da nufin bayar da ayyuka ga tashoshin tashoshi wadanda za su iya yin gasa da na'urori irin su wayoyin hannu na Palm da Microsoft. Sumían Yana tara jerin lambobin da aka kashe lokaci guda tare da fayiloli da yawa. Waɗannan suna da alaƙa da hotuna, fayilolin bayanai da dai sauransu.
Ana adana tsarin kai tsaye a cikin na'urar tafi da gidanka, yana ba da damar adana bayanai ko da tsarin bai da ƙarfin batir. Aikace -aikace tare da Sumían ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar yarukan shirye -shirye waɗanda suka dogara da Java da Kayayyakin Kayayyakin don na'urorin hannu. Tsarin ya dace da na’urorin amma bai yi tasirin da ake tsammani ba.
Firefox OS
Wannan tsarin aiki na wayar hannu yana kiyaye ƙa'idodin aikace -aikacen dangane da HTML5 da suka shafi kayayyaki na tsarin Linux. Kamfanin Mozilla Corporation ne ya haɓaka shi tare da wasu kamfanonin da ke da alaƙa da sabbin ayyuka a cikin haɓaka tsarin wayar salula.
An tsara shi don ba da damar aikace -aikacen HTML5, wanda shine yare da ake amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar abun cikin yanar gizo. Hakanan yana ba da aikace -aikacen multimedia na ci gaba ciki har da sauti da bidiyo. Yi amfani da kayan aiki kamar JavaScript da Buɗe Yanar gizo API. An shigar da wannan tsarin a kan wayoyin hannu kamar Raspberry Pi da sauran wayoyi masu wayo, yana da jituwa ta Android.
Kaddamar da wannan tsarin aiki na wayar hannu, wanda Mozilla ta aiwatar a cikin 2013, yayi ƙoƙarin sanya kansa a cikin ƙasashen Latin Amurka da Yammacin Turai inda kasuwar Smartphone ke ƙaruwa sosai. Kamfanoni irin su LG Electronics, ZTE, Huawei da TCL Corporation sun yi alƙawarin girka wannan tsarin aiki akan na'urorin wayoyinsu daga shekara ta 2104.
Ubuntu Touch
Ba a san kaɗan ba, yana dogara ne akan tsarin Linux. Yana da tsarin aiki na wayar hannu ta Linux. Canonical Ltd ne ya haɓaka shi, an sake shi a cikin 2014 kuma galibi ana amfani dashi a cikin allunan, Netbooks da ƙananan na'urori masu ɗaukar hoto. Ya yi kama da tsarin Android kuma yana da halaye masu kama da sauran tsarin aiki na wayar hannu, karbuwarsa a kasuwa ya kasance mai iyaka.
Idan kuna son wannan labarin, muna gayyatar ku don ziyartar rukunin yanar gizon mu a cikin hanyoyin da ke tafe: