Chii chinonzi Microsoft? ndiwo mubvunzo watichazopindura mune ino chinyorwa chine chekuita nekambani hombe iriko pasi rese yekugadzira software yemakomputa. Usapotsa ichi chinyorwa.
Chii chinonzi Microsoft?
Iyo kambani yakazvarwa mumakore gumi ema 70. Nekufamba kwenguva yakave iri kambani inotungamira mukuvandudza zvirongwa zvemidziyo yemakomputa uye zvese zvine chekuita nesainzi remakomputa. Izvozvi ine mitsara yakakosha.
Iko kwavanongoita kwete kungo gadziridza kuOfisi uye Windows chirongwa. Inoitawo zviito zvakasiyana zvine chekuita nekupa zano nezve kuvandudzwa kweimwe nzira dzeIT. Zvigadzirwa zveMicrosoft kuburikidza neWindows brand inotungamira musika une chekuita nesoftware yemidziyo yemakomputa.
Saizvozvo, ivo vanochengetedza kufambira mberi uye kuvandudzwa kwezvirongwa zvine chekuita nemabasa akasiyana siyana ane chekuita nezviitiko zvemuhofisi. Iyo zvakare imwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa pasi rese. Iyo Microsoft Office chirongwa chakashanda sereferenzi yekugadzirwa kwemamwe mapurogiramu ekombuta.
Izvo zvaita kuti zvikwanise kuita masisitimu ane chekuita ne accounting, mari uye nesainzi maitiro. Kana mumwe munhu akabvunza Chii chinonzi Microsoft? Mhinduro haina kuitirwa kutaura kuti inongova kambani yekuvandudza software. Asi yepasirese komputeni mubatanidzwa wepasi.
Mavambo uye shanduko
Iyo kambani yakavambwa muna Kubvumbi 1975 naBill Gates naPaul Allen muguta reAlbuquerque, New Mexico, muUnited States, vese vari vadzidzi veyunivhesiti. kuti pavaisangana vaichinjana mazano ane chekuita netekinoroji.
Kutanga
Vakasangana paHarvard University uko vakagovana mazano mumakomputa yesainzi makirasi. Ivo vaviri vaive nezano rakafanana: Gadzira zvirongwa zvemakomputa zvinogona kusimbisa komputa yePDP 10. Kusvika parizvino yaive yeimwe yepamusoro-soro uye inogadzirwa neDEC (Dhijitari Equipment Corporation).
Muma60 pakanga paine huwandu hwakaderera kwazvo hwemakomputa munyika. Zvichienzaniswa neizvo zviriko nhasi. Iyo yakanyanya kushandiswa uye nekukanganisa yaive IBM 360, aive zvikwata zvakakurisa zvakanyanya. Asi ivo vakashanda sereferenzi yevadzidzi vesainzi yemakomputa. Bill akakwanisa kuve nekubatana nechikwata chakadai. Saka akatanga kumuziva zvakanyanya kupfuura vadzidzisi vake.
Paul Allen akadzidzawo pachikoro chimwe chete, icho chakakweverawo kune zvese zvine chekuita nekomputa uye tekinoroji. Vaviri vakagovana ruzivo rwevadzidzi uye vaive neyakaenzana nzira yekutarisa kuitiswa kwesystem iyo inogona kupa zvikwata zvirinani zvibodzwa.
Kugadzirwa kwekambani
Mu1975 vadzidzi vese vanosiya zvidzidzo zvavo uye vanozvipira pachavo mukuvandudza izvo zvavairota vese. Kuumba ipapo Microsoft, iyo mukutanga kwayo yainzi "Micro-soft", yaive chidimbu che "Microcomputer Software". Iyo kambani yakagadzirwa nechinangwa chekutengesa chirongwa chinonzi BASIC (Yekutanga's All-chinangwa Symbolic Instruction Code), yakavakirwa paFortan system, yaive imwe yemasisitimu aishandiswa nemakomputa panguva iyoyo.
Iyo sisitimu yaive chaiyo mhando yemapurogiramu mutauro uyo waitsvaga kugadzirisa mashandiro pamakomputa. Uye zvinonzi iyo pfungwa yakazvarwa apo vese vari vaviri vakaverenga chinyorwa chesainzi chemakomputa kwaakasimudzira kugadzirwa kwecomputer kit chako. Inofungidzirwa yakakwana kwazvo inonzi Altair 8800. Chinyorwa ichi chakange chabuda mumagazini inozivikanwa yeElectronics.
Kutanga vatengi
Imwe yekutengesa kwekutanga kweMicrosoft inoitwa naBill Gates mushure mekunge chirongwa chagadzirira, kune imwe kambani inogadzira software inonzi (MITS) "Micro Instrumentation uye Telemetry Systems. Iyi Kambani yaive inogadzira maAltair processor. Bill Gates akakwanisa kuita hafu yemubatsiro kubva mukutengesa kwemidziyo neBASIC system yakaiswa.
Makore akati gare gare Microsoft yakatenga rezinesi reBASIC kuti rikwanise kuripa kune vamwe vagadziri vemakomputa. Ipapo yakawedzera chigadzirwa chayo kumakambani eApple Computer, Commodore uye Tandy Corporation. Aya makambani aive chaiwo vatengi vekutanga veMicrosoft.
Pakazosvika 1977, makore maviri chete mushure mekunge yakavambwa, Microsoft iri kushambadzira chigadzirwa chayo chinonzi Microsoft fortran kumakambani akasiyana. Muna 1979 Bill naPaul vanosarudza kuendesa mahofisi eMicrosoft kuBellevue muWashington state. Kutengesa kunoenderera pasina chero matambudziko uye nyika yekomputa iri kutora matanho ayo ekutanga.
Ye1980 ivo vakaita kusikwa kweanoshanda system inonzi MS DOS, iyo yaibvumidza kumisikidza dzimwe nzira dzakabatsira masangano mazhinji kuita mabasa akasiyana siyana. Nesisitimu iyi ivo vaive vachiwana vatengi avo zvishoma nezvishoma vaive vave kureva kukura. Nema 90s ivo vakagadzira yekutanga komputa software system inonzi «Windows.
Kubva pane iyo MS DOS system. Windows yakabvumidzwa kuvhura iyo shamba yekushandisa masisitimu pasirese. Zvakare kubatsira izvo mumasisitimu nemakambani ane chekuita nekomputa anotanga kukura pamhepo inotyisa. Pamwe chete neWindows, chirongwa cheHofisi chakaonekwawo.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqsSaZvJgng
Izvozvowo zvakauya nehurongwa hwekushandisa uye zvakabvumidza vashandisi kuve nemidziyo yekugadzirira magwaro uye matafura ekuverenga aripo. Iyo purofiti yaive yakanaka kwazvo kukambani, yaive nevashandi vevashandi vehunyanzvi hwekugadzira avo vaitsvaga kutsvaga nemazano matsva. Muna 1986 vakatamira kuRedmond, mudunhu rimwe chete reWashington.
Kukura
Kukura kweMicrosoft hakuna kungosara mukuvandudzwa kwesoftware nezvirongwa, zvakazove nechekuita mukugadzirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzehurongwa. Iko kwaakakwanisa kumisikidza periipheral system senge makhibhodi uye mbeva izvo nekufamba kwenguva zvichagadzirisa zvakare musika wemakomputa.
Kune rimwe divi, tinogona kunyatso kuzvibvunza kuti: Chii chinonzi Microsoft uye ndechei? uye semhinduro tinayo kuti chirongwa chekutanga kugadzira zvinyorwa uye mhando dzakasiyana dzemavara. Kune mamwewo mapurogiramu akaita seExcel, Power Point. vaparidzi pakati pevamwe.
Microsoft ikambani inotakura vanogadzira mapurogiramu emitambo yemavhidhiyo senge chisikwa chapfuura chinonzi XBOX neSurface. Aya akave nekugamuchirwa kwakanaka kwazvo mumusika.
Chii chiri kubudirira kwako?
Kugadzira uye kutsungirira zvishandiso zviviri zvinoitwa neMicrosoft kusimudzira mufananidzo wayo pasirese. Zvayo zviviri zvigadzirwa mureza Hofisi neWindows vakazvibvumidza kuti zvimise pachezvayo mumusika wepasirese software. Iko iko kutengesa kuri mamirioni emadhora.
Kunyangwe izvi, kambani yakagara iine kukwikwidzana; uko mamwe makambani akaedza kuisa zvigadzirwa zvakafanana nezveMicrosoft mumusika. Icho chirevo chikuru chekubudirira kweMicrosoft chakamirirwawo nehutungamiriri hwehutungamiriri hwayo muvambi Bill Gates.
Ndiani kubva pakutanga akachengeta tambo yekushanda. Izvo zvisina kutsauswa kubva kune zvinangwa zvacho zvikuru, zvakasimudzwa kubva pakutanga. Saka nhasi Microsoft yaita mubatanidzwa nevashambadzi vavengi. Kuyambira uye kutora chikamu muzvirongwa zvekuvandudza zvirongwa kuitira kuti mukure pamwe. Kunyangwe izvo zvayakagamuchira, kambani yakamanikidzwa kusiya kushambadzira uye nzvimbo dzekutengesa kudzikisira monopoly.
Kubudirira uye kubata
Isu tinogara tichiwana nekusagadzikana kwevanhu vazhinji vanonyatsoshamisika kuti chii Microsoft?. Iyi kambani yakabudirira mumusika wepasi rose wemakomputa asi yakapfuurawo nematambudziko akasiyana emutemo. Kunyanya muUnited States. Kubva payakatanga, kambani yakatariswa uye kubvunzwa nemakongiresi nemagweta. Avo vakatsvaga kuunganidzwa nenyaya ye monopoly.
Microsoft haisi kambani yekukura yeIT chete. Iyo zvakare inomiririra kudzidziswa mukugadzirwa kwetekinoroji iyo inopa kukosha kune mamwe makambani. Izvi zviito zvakafanirwa kutariswa nekambani nekuda kwezviitiko zvakasiyana zvemutemo zvayakatumirwa.
Kunyangwe nanhasi kambani iri kupomedzerwa kwete chete kwekutonga musika wesoftware. Asi iye anopomerwawo kuita zviitiko zvinofungidzirwa izvo zvinopokana neunyanzvi hwake. Pakati pegore ra2000, kupomedzerwa kwakaitwa nevakuru vezvemitemo muUnited States kwakadaidzwa kuti "Abusive Monopoly."
Mutumbi wedare wakapomera Microsoft mhosva yekutonga musika wechigadzirwa chemakomputa. Izvi zvakaita kuti paitwe mutongo wekuti kambani iyi yaifanira kupatsanura zvigadzirwa zvayo nemamwe makambani kuitira kuti igogoverwa pasi peimwe zita mumusika weNorth America.
Zvisinei, zvakadaro hazvina kugumira ipapo. Muna 2004 European Union yakatora matanho epamutemo ichipomera Microsoft kuita sangano raiita "Kubata Kwakanyanya". European Union yaifunga kuti zvigadzirwa zveWindows zvaitemesa nzvimbo kune mamwe makambani.
Akapa mutongo kambani kuburitsa dzakasarudzika vhezheni dzeWindows XP Zvigadzirwa dzinofanirwa kunge dzakanangana nezvinodiwa nevashandisi muEurope. Idzi shanduro dzeWindows dzaifanirwa kugadziridzwa nezvimwe zvikanganiso.
Mhosva yacho yaifunga kuti software yacho yaisafanira kunge iine akawanda mapurogramu eMedia player, uye yaisanganisira Hofisi. Zvekuti mamwe makambani anokwanisa kushambadzira zvigadzirwa zvavo uye vashandisi vanozviwana kuburikidza nekumisikidza zvinotevera. Izvi zvakabva zvasiya Microsoft nesarudzo yekutengesa shanduro shoma dzeWindows XP Home Edition N uye Windows XP Professional N.
Iko kumuzinda kuri kupi
Parizvino kambani iyi ine zviuru zvemapazi pasi rose, iine dzimbahwe rayo muguta reRedmond, Washington state. Inowanikwa makiromita makumi matatu kubva kuSeattle, rinova ndiro guta rekwaBill Gates. Asi vanhu vachiri kushamisika nhasi, Chii chinonzi Microsoft? Ngatitarisei pane zvinotevera kupindura uyu mubvunzo zvakare.
Iyo kambani ine chivakwa uko kune angangoita zana ezvivakwa uye zvemhando yepamusoro zvivakwa zvehofisi. Vanenge vanhu zviuru makumi mana vanoshanda ipapo, iri bhizinesi rakakura kwazvo, Rine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakaita sekudyira, zvitoro nemabasa akasiyana siyana. Iyo zvakare ine yayo yega yemhepo uye yepasi kutakura ngarava iyo inobvumidza vashandi kuti vaende kunzvimbo dzebasa kwavo pasina matambudziko.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva mimwe misoro ine chekuita neiyo inotsanangurwa muchinyorwa chino. Ndinokukoka kuti ubaye pane zvinotevera zvinongedzo:
/ Maitiro ekugadzira indekisi muIzwi?