Kazhinji isu hatitarise zvakanyanya kune mamwe maturusi emukati ePC, uye imwe yacho ndeye ROM ndangariro. Icho chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinoumba komputa, sezvo iri chikamu chinopfuura chakakosha mumaketani ekutanga komputa. Munyaya ino tichakuudza Chii chinonzi ROM Memory, marudzi ayo uye maitiro.
Chii chinonzi ROM memory?
ROM Memory kana inosiyaniswa seye Read-Only Memory chikamu chekuchengetera chinoshandiswa mumakomputa nemidziyo yemagetsi, inongobvumidza kuverenga kwekutsvaga asi isingabvumire manyoro ako, zvisinei nekuti kune kana kwete kwesimba kana sosi.
Iyo data yakachengetwa muROM ndangariro haigone kuchinjwa kana kugadziridzwa, kana zvirinani kwete nenzira inodzungudza kana iri nyore. Inonyanya kushandiswa kubatanidza firmware 2, iyo isiri chinhu kunze kwechirongwa chine hukama neiyo hardware uye haina kukwana ingangoda kugadziridzwa nguva dzose kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinodiwa pakushanda kwemidziyo, senge zvirongwa zvinotanga komputa kuita. diagnostics.
Mune yakanyanya kuomarara modhi, inongoongorora chete ganda reROM rakagadzirwa nedata data nguva dzose, saka zvirimo hazvigone kugadziridzwa chero nzira. Zvisinei, maROM matsva (akadai seEPROMs neFlash EEPROMs) anokwanisa kudzimwa uye kurongwazve kakawanda uye achiri kunzi "kuverenga-chete memory" kana "ROM."
Chikonzero chekuramba uchivafonera ndechekuti iyo reprogramming process inowanzo idiki kwazvo, inononoka kana ichienzaniswa, uye kazhinji haibvumire kunyora kune zvisina tsarukano nzvimbo mundangariro. Kunyangwe iyo ROM iri nyore, flashable Hardware inochinjika uye yakachipa, ndosaka ekare matehwe eROM asingawanzo kuoneka pane Hardware inogadzirwa mushure me2007.
ROM basa
Chaizvoizvo, basa remukati mekombuta yako ROM (kunyanya mukombuta) nderekuchengeta ese akakosha makodhi macode uye maitiro akachengetwa uye asina kuchinjika, kuitira kuti PC igone kubhowa mazuva ese, nguva dzese, uye pasina chero shanduko. tinoibatidza nenzira imwe cheteyo.
Pakati peakawanda mabasa anogadzirisa bhoot process yePC inoitwa neROM memory, rimwe rawo rakakosha zvakanyanya uye ndiko kutanga sisitimu yekushandisa yekombuta. Isu tinoziva kuti pasina iyo, makomputa anhasi aisazoshandiswa. Iyo ROM ine basa rekuita ese ekutanga system scans uye ongororo, pamwe neakawanda ekudzora maitiro kune ese ekuisa uye kubuda peripherals.
Mhando dzeROM Memory
Aya ndiwo aive ekutanga maROM akavambwa uye kunyorwa nekuti manyepo avo anoraira kuti vanongove nekuverenga-chete chimiro che data rakachengetwa pavari. Kufanana nemamwe magadzirirwo eROM memory, vane kugona kushanda vakazvimiririra kwesimba remagetsi rinotenderera mumudziyo kuchengetedza ruzivo rwakashandiswa pavari, uye kuumbwa kwavo kunonyanya kuve silicon uye silicate. Vane simba rekufambisa uye kutakura simba remagetsi.
Iyo otomatiki simba inotenderera mukombuta haina basa, asi masaisai emhepo anogadzirwa nemagetsi emagetsi achiri kudikanwa kuchengetedza data.
Chaizvoizvo, kune marudzi maviri endangariro ayo anoshandiswa kuchengetedza madhizaini ekutanga maitiro: inorongwa uye isingarondedzerwe. Rudzi rwechipiri, rwakaumbwa neROM memory uye PROM ndangariro, haichashandiswi mumunda wekombuta, nekuti yakatsiviwa nendangariro dzinogona kunyorwa, zvinoreva, rudzi rwekutanga rwendangariro, umo EPROM neEEPROM ndangariro. . Mhando dzendangariro dzinoti:
ROM (Yekuverenga Chete Memory)
ROM (Yekuverenga Chete Memori) muChirungu, yaisanganisira yekutanga kuverenga-chete ndangariro yakagadzirwa. Kuti uchengetedze ruzivo, purogiramu yakashandiswa yaisanganisira kushandiswa kwe-silicone mahwendefa uye masikisi, saka kushandiswa kwemaoko kwakanga kusingabviri. ROM mhando yendangariro yakatsiviwa neEPROM uye EEPROM mhando yendangariro, uko iyo yekupedzisira inogona kudhindwa.
Parizvino, ndangariro dzeROM dzakadaro hadzishandiswe muchimiro chekombuta kana nhare dzekubatanidza nekuti dzinoonekwa sedzisingachashandi, hadzina kuchinjika uye, kunze kwekutsiviwa, dzinodhura kwazvo kugadzira nekuchengetedza. Inongoshanda chete mumaoko evane ruzivo nyanzvi mumunda wekombuta. Kana zvikamu zvacho zvikagadziriswa uye zvikakuvadzwa zvisingagadzirisiki, zvinounza mari inoenderera mberi yehupfumi kumushandisi wekombuta.
PROM (Inorongwa Kuverenga Chete Memory)
Ndangariro dzePROM kana kuti Programmable Read Chete Memory dzine humwe hunhu hwaive husina avo vakavatangira. Ivo vanokwanisa kugadziridzwa uye vanongokwanisa kuverenga iyo ruzivo rwakabatanidzwa uye rwakachengetwa mavari. Kusikwa uye kushandiswa kwemuenzaniso uyu wekuyeuka kweROM kunotanga kumakore ekuma 1950. Kushandiswa kweizvi kunosanganisira kuti voltage yegumi nembiri (12) volts kusvika makumi maviri (20) volts inogona kubatwa kuchengetedza ruzivo mundangariro, nokuti inversion yataurwa pamusoro apa. inogadzira voltage inomutsa basa rekuyeuka rinobatanidzwa.
Saizvozvo, PROM ndangariro ine nhevedzano yedhiodhi ine pseudonym "ROM Programmer" padunhu rayo rakasanganiswa, uye inogadzirisa mabhinari macode kuronga nekuzadzisa mabasa ayo. Panyaya yekuremerwa kwemafungu emagetsi, iyo bhinari kukosha 1 mune idzi ndangariro inoenderana nekupokana uye kushanda kwechiyeuchidzo, nepo diode inogamuchira iyo binary kukosha 0 kana iyo yakawandisa ichibviswa uye yazvino inopfuura, ndiko kuti, yakagadzikana. semvura.
Zvisinei, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kukanganisa kwezvikamu izvi ndezvokuti diode dzinogona kukuvadzwa nemagetsi emagetsi anokonzerwa nekuremerwa, zvichikonzera kusabatsira uye kuparara mumusika wekombiyuta nekuda kwekudhura kwavo. Idzi ndangariro hadzigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakaiswa nevashandisi kuchengetedza ruzivo rwavo.
EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)
EPROM ndangariro ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mune ese nharembozha senge mbozha nhare, processors uye kunyange kunakidzwa nemichina yeruzivo. Inotaridzawo kuti ndangariro yekuchengetera data ine zvisingaite simba uye hunhu hunodiwa kune akawanda hurongwa, mukuwedzera kune yekutanga dhizaini uye yekuisa data inogona kubviswa nekugadziridzwa. Chidimburidzo cheEPROM memory muchiSpanish ndechekuti "Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory".
Vane hunhu hunokosha hwekuchengetedza uye kupatsanura, iyo inoitwa nenzira yakakosha kuburikidza nekushandisa yakakwira intensity irradiation kana kupenya, ndiko kuti, senge ultraviolet mwenje, ine simba rine simba remhando, inokwanisa kudzikamisa chero kukanganisa mundangariro. .uye inokwanisa kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvataurwa nenzira iri nyore uye nekukurumidza.
EEPROM
Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso weROM memory inogona kurongwa, kudzimwa uye kurongwa zvine simba, izvo zvakasiyana neEPROM iyo inofanirwa kudzimwa nemidziyo inoburitsa ultraviolet chiedza uye inoita kuva ndangariro dzinobata.
Kusiyana nemamwe maROM, ndangariro iyi ine simba remagetsi uye inodzidza ongororo yega yega nenzira yakakwana yekuita ongororo yakadzama kuti ive nechokwadi chekupedzwa kwedata. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekutambudzika uye kuongorora kwakadzama kwedheta rakaitwa neROM mode iyi, kana iyo data yakabatwa uye yakamirira zvisizvo, basa rayo rinogona kunonoka nokukurumidza. Muchidimbu cheEEPROM memory muchiSpanish ndeichi "Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory".
EAROM
Iyo modhi yeEEPROM uye inokwanisa kushandura imwe zvishoma panguva. Maitiro ekunyora anonoka uye zvakare anoda yakakwira voltage, kazhinji ingangoita gumi nemaviri (12) volts, uye zvakafanana zvinoshandiswa pakuverenga. EAROM inokodzera maapplication ayo kazhinji asingade kunyorwazve zvishoma.
EARM inogona kushandiswa senge isiri-inovhiririka buffer kuwana kiyi yekuzivisa nezve maitiro anomiririra. Mumabasa akasiyana-siyana, EAROM yakasimudzwa netiweki-yakapihwa CMOS RAM uye inotsigirwa ne lithium mabhatiri. Muchidimbu cheEAROM memory muchiSpanish ndeichi "Electrically Alterable Read-Only Memory".
Flash ndangariro
ndangariro iyi ichangoburwa modhi yeEEPROM yakagadzirwa muna 1984. Flash memory inokurumidza kudzima nekunyora patsva pane yakajairika EEPROM, uye mifananidzo iripo zvino inotsanangura kutsungirira kwakanyanya kudarika miriyoni imwe (1.000.000) nguva.
Yemazuvano NAND Flash ine mashandisiro anobudirira esilicon chip area, zvichikonzera maICs ega ega ane huwandu hwekusvika 32 GB kubva muna 2007; Hunhu uhwu, pamwe chete nesimba rayo uye kusimba, zvaita kuti zvive nyore kuNAND Flash kutsiva magineti mune mamwe maapplication (senge USB flash drives). Flash memory dzimwe nguva inodaidzwa kuti Flash ROM kana Flash EEPROM kana ichishandiswa sechinotsiva emhando dzekare dzeROM, asi kwete mumashandisirwo anotora mukana wekugona kuchinjwa nekukurumidza uye kazhinji.
kukurumidza kuverenga
Kunyangwe kuwirirana kwakasiyana pakati pekumhanya kweRAM neROM memory kwakachinja nekufamba kwemakore, kubvira 2.007, RAM inoverengwa nekukurumidza kupfuura akawanda maROM, saka zviri mukati meROM zvinogona kutamiswa zvakajairika kuRAM.
Nyora kumhanya
Kune mhando dzeROM dzinonyorwa nemagetsi, kumhanya kwekunyora kunogara kunonoka kupfuura kumhanya kwekuverenga. Iwo ekupedzisira angangoda abnormally high voltages, jumpers kugonesa kunyora modhi, uye yakakosha kuvhura mirairo. NAND flash memory inowana yakanyanya kumhanyisa yekunyora pakati pemhando dzese dzereprogrammable ROM, uku ichinyora mumabhuraki makuru emaseru endangariro, inosvika 15MB/s.
Musiyano Pakati peROM, EPROM uye EEPROM Memories
Musiyano uripo pakati pavo wakanyatsojeka uye wakajeka, nekuti yekutanga mhando yeROM yekuyeuka inongoshandiswa kuverenga iyo yekuisa data, iyo inoenderana neiyo huru data yeiyo inoshanda sisitimu, kusanganisira Framework, Firmware uye, chekutanga, BIOS ye. komputa haigone kugadzirisa data kana maapplication. Zvirongwa sekumisikidzwa kwemukati, nekudaro kudzivirira zvigadziriso zvesoftware zveiyo yakakosha uye inoshanda kuvandudza kweiyo hardware.
Saizvozvo, hunhu hwataurwa pamusoro apa hunobviswa muEPROM neEEPROM ROM, saka data yataurwa pamusoro apa ine hutsva uye hwemazuva ano, iyo inoita kuti ishande zvakanyanya, uye inopawo vashandisi hutano huri nani, semuenzaniso, zvimwe. zvechinyakare, nyore uye itsva kuita. Kana ari mabasa ekombuta uye ese software irimo, nekudaro, nekuda kwemhando yekugadziriswa kwedata uye kugadzirisa, kuwirirana uye kwakagadzikana kupindirana pakati pesoftware uye Hardware yemudziyo inogona kuitwa. .
Kana iri ndangariro yeROM, sezvo iyo data ichagadziriswa mukombuta yakarongedzwa muchikamu chikuru nekukasira, kunyora hakubvumidzwe. Zvisinei, kana iyo data yakapinda nenzira yepurogiramu yakarongwa mundangariro iri mubvunzo, inowedzerwa uye yakavharwa kudzivirira chero rudzi rwekunyora, kudzima kana kubirwa kweruzivo rwakachengetwa mairi.
Pane zvinopesana, iyo ROM EPROM uye EEPROM ndangariro dzine hunhu hunobvumira hurongwa hutsva mavari, kukwanisawo kugadzirisa mutongi uye chero mhando yesoftware yakarongwa, yakapinda uye yakachengetwa mundangariro yakataurwa. Uye iyo data haina kufanorongwa mumhando iyi yeROM ndangariro, iyo inobvumira zviri nani usability, uye kunyangwe iyi ndangariro inogona kuitika zvinobudirira, zviri nyore uye zvakachipa.
Kana iwe wakawana chinyorwa ichi chinonakidza kwazvo Chii chinonzi ROM Memory usazeze kuisa anotevera malink anewo akakosha kwazvo kwauri iwe muverengi akanaka.
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