Unoziva here acronym AD?, kana unoziva chii chiri active directory uye kuti chinoshanda sei?; Zvakanaka, mavara ese uye Active Directory akafanana, uye anoshandiswa kuona sevhisi iri kuitika, uye idhairekitori rinoshandiswa pasi peWindows Server nharaunda. Uye inoshanda seyakanyatsobatanidzwa uye hierarchical data chimiro kugovera ruzivo rwezvivakwa uye kutsvaga, kuchengetedza, kutonga uye kuronga zviwanikwa zvekombuta uye network pachayo, angave mafaera, vashandisi, mapoka, maperipheral uye network zvishandiso. Asi nekuwedzera, inokwidziridzwa uye scalable kune yakakura optimization uye yekutarisa kuita kwayo.
Ndeipi Active Directory uye ndeyei?
Parizvino kushandiswa kweLAN network uye corporate Active Directory kwakajairika. Indaneti, iyo kushandiswa kwayo kana kuwana kunobvumira kubatanidzwa kwepasi rose kuti kugadzirwe, nzvimbo iyo makambani, mabhizimisi maduku, masangano ehurumende kana ehurumende uye, chokwadika, vanhu vanogara pamwe chete. Yese iyi conglomerate inogadzira inozivikanwa seLAN network, nzvimbo iyo komputa michina yakabatana kuti iite zvirinani kuita uye kuwana.
Chikamu cheboka iri revatambi chinoita kuti zvikwanisike kupindura kuti Active Directory chii, sezvo yambotaurwa LAN network, mukuwedzera pakugovana marekodhi uye maonerwo nemimwe michina, chiyero chayo chinoenda zvakanyanya. Uye muenzaniso weizvi Active Directory, kambani Microsoft.
Pasina kupokana, hofori iyi yakaunza kumusika zvishandiso zvakawanda zvinoita kuti hupenyu hwevanhu huve nyore, uko kune kunyange maapplication eWindows ayo asati azivikanwa nevakawanda, nyaya inonakidza iyo vashandisi vazhinji vanoshamisika kuti chii. Windows Azure Active Directory, izwi rine hukama zvakanyanya nemusoro wedu wekuti chii chinonzi Active Directory, uye yatichaedza kutsanangura nenzira yakanaka mukati meiyi post.
Haisi chakavanzika kuti makambani nhasi anotora zvese zvinogoneka zviwanikwa zviripo mumusika wedhijitari nemakombuta kuti vavandudze masevhisi avo munguva dzekuti vanonyanya kupikisa vari network newebhu. Chishandiso chinonyanya kukosha kumakambani anotarisa basa rawo kuburikidza nemakomputa terminals, ekushandisa vashandisi nemarezinesi. Nzvimbo iyo Active Directory inokodzera zvakakwana.
Sezvaunogona kunzwisisa, kupfuura izvo Active Directory iri, inzvimbo itsva inodyidzana yebasa nenzira dzakasiyana, anopfuura mazana matatu ane hukama makomputa kuburikidza neLAN network yakakamurwa kuita subnets, ine masisitimu ane hukama nevashandisi, mvumo yemushandisi, kuwana uye mabhokisi etsamba, hazvichagoneki kuzviita nemaitiro akajairika, ndiko kuti, enda mumwe nemumwe kuburikidza nezvikwata zvavo.
Mune iyi nzira yekudyidzana uye yekubatanidza, ma protagonists makomputa nemasevha, avo vari kutungamira mabasa nekugadzira uye kushandiswa kwevashandisi uye kugoverwa kwemvumo ine macode ekuwana. Mushure meizvozvo iyo Active Directory application inotanga kushanda. Zvakadaro, ngationgororei kuti software iyi kana chishandiso chii nezve, kana zvirinani zvakadaro, kuti Active Directory chii chaizvo.
Kubva pane zviri pamusoro zvinofungidzirwa, nezve Active Directory (AD) chii. Iyo dhatabhesi, inoperekedzwa neseti yemasevhisi apo vashandisi vanobatana nezviwanikwa zviripo pane network kuita basa ravo. Iri saka dhairekitori rinochengeta ruzivo rwese rwakakomba rwezvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira vashandisi nemakomputa uko kunotemwa kuti chii uye ndiani angaite chimwe chinhu.
Mune mamwe mazwi, dhatabhesi inogona kuve nerunyorwa rwe100 mushandisi maakaundi ane zvimwe zvinhu, senge chinzvimbo uye chinzvimbo musangano, nhamba dzenhare uye password yemunhu wega wega, pamusoro pekunyoresa zvibvumirano. Aya masevhisi anodzora akawanda echiitwa chinomhanya munharaunda yako yeIT.
Kunyanya, inoita shuwa kuti munhu wega wega, zvisinei kuti ndiani (yechokwadi), kana vangosimbisa iyo mushandisi ID uye password, inobvumira kuwana chete kune iyo data yavanotenderwa kushandisa.
Active Directory Tsanangudzo
Nekuvandudzwa kwese kwapfuura, zvinozonzwisiswa kuti Active Directory chii, zvakare inorehwa neacronym AD kana Active Directory, imhaka yechishandiso cheMicrosoft, uye kuti yakagadzirirwa kupa dhairekitori masevhisi, kazhinji kuburikidza neLAN. network..
Chiyero cheiyi dhairekitori rinoshanda ndechekupa sevhisi inobatwa pane imwe kana seti yemasevha ane kugona kugadzira zvinhu, vashandisi, makomputa kana mapoka ezvekutarisira manejimendi panguva yekupinda kwemidziyo yakabatana kunetiweki.
Asi zvinoenda mberi zvakanyanya, sezvo zvichikutenderawo kuti utore marongero ese etiweki yese pane server iyi. Izvi zvinosanganisira, semuenzaniso, kupihwa kwemvumo yekuwana mushandisi, mabhokisi etsamba emunhu, pakati pezvimwe.
Kushandiswa kwaro kunonyanya kutariswa padanho rehunyanzvi, munzvimbo dzebasa uko kune zvakakosha zviwanikwa zvekombuta, uye pazvinodikanwa kubata nhamba huru yemakomputa nenzira yakanaka uye nemazvo maererano nekuvandudzwa, kuisirwa zvirongwa kana kusikwa kwepakati. mafaera anobvumira kuwana zvirinani kune zviwanikwa kure kubva kumabasa.
Sezvo iwe uchinzwisisa, chii chinonzi Active Directory, inomiririra nzira yakanaka yekuisa pakati akati wandei zvikamu zveLAN network, pasina kuenda kumakombuta yega yega, izvo zvinodzivirirawo vashandisi kuita zvavanoda pane network.
Iyo ine echokwadi uye mvumo mabasa ekupa a framework kune mamwe masevhisi akafanana. Dhairekitori rayo rine dhatabhesi yeLDAP ine network zvinhu, iyo inoshandiswa neiyo inoshanda sisitimu Windows Server.
Pamberi peWindows 2000, yeMicrosoft's verification uye mvumo nzira yakamanikidza network kuti ikamurwe kuita madomasi uye yozobatanidzwa kuburikidza ne1- uye 2-channel trust system yaive yakaoma uye, pakupedzisira, isingafungidzike. Asi gare gare, Active Directory yakaunzwa mukati Windows 2000 seyakanakira kupa dhairekitori masevhisi munzvimbo dzakakura uye dzakaoma kunzwisisa.
Active Directory inoshanda sei?
Izvo zvimiro kana mapuroteni anoshandiswa neActive Directory ndizvo chaizvo LDAP, DHCP, KERBEROS uye DNS. Neizvi, fomu re database rinowanikwa apo ruzivo rwese munguva chaiyo ine chekuita nekusimbisa zvitupa zvevashandisi ve network inoiswa. Izvi zvinobvumira makomputa ese kuti aenderane pasi pechinhu chepakati.
Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kufunga uku, hezvino izvo zvaunoita nemushandisi mudura rako kana vapinda mukombuta, izvo zvinonyatso ratidza kuti Active Directory chii:
- MuActive Directory server, mushandisi (chinhu) chinoumbwa neakajairika hunhu hunoratidza kuvepo kwayo, senge zita, surname, email, Etc.
- Pamusoro pezvo, mushandisi akadaro achange ari mune rimwe boka, uye iro rine dzimwe ropafadzo, senge kuwana kunetiweki maprinta akachengetwa nemunda. zita, mugadziri, Etc.
- Kune chikamu chayo, komputa yemutengi inotaurirana nesevha, saka mushandisi, paanotanga komputa, anowana yekukiya skrini sekunge iri chero imwe system. Zvino paunopinda zita rako rekushandisa uye password, hazvizove zvepanyama pakombuta, asi zvichave zviri pane server.
- Ipapo mutengi anokumbira mvumo kuActive Directory server kuti ivaone, uye kana iripo, inotumira ruzivo rwemushandisi kune komputa yemutengi.
- Ipapo ndipo apo mushandisi achakwanisa kupinda sezviri pachena pakombiyuta yake. Iwe uchave uine ako ega mafaera akachengetwa pane hard drive. Asi zvichienderana neboka raunopinda, unogona zvakare kuwana zviwanikwa zvenetiweki zvakaita seprinta.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chinhu chikuru chinopihwa neActive Directory iDomain Services (AD DS), iyo inova chikamu cheWindows Server system. Nepo maseva anomhanyisa AD DS anonzi domain controllers (DCs); Masangano anowanzo ane maDC akati wandei, apo imwe neimwe inochengeta kopi yedhairekitori redunhu rese.
Chero shanduko kune dhairekitori pane imwe domain controller, senge password yekuvandudza kana kuvharwa kweakaundi yevashandisi, inodzokororwa kune mamwe madomasi controller kuitira kuti ese anoenderana.
Iwo ma desktops, malaptop, uye zvakafanana achimhanya Windows (pane Windows Server) anogona kusanganiswa neActive Directory nharaunda, zvisinei, ivo havazokwanisa kumhanya AD DS. AD DS, sezvo izvi zvichibva pazvibvumirano zvishoma zvakamiswa uye zviyero, zvinosanganisira LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol), Kerberos, uye DNS (Domain Name System).
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa, nezve iyo Active Directory iri, kuti inongotsigira Windowz munzvimbo dzemuno Microsoft. Avo vane hukama neMicrosoft mugore vanoshandisa Azure Active Directory, ine zvibodzwa zvakafanana nemazita enzvimbo. Zvakanaka, AD neAzure AD vanozvimirira, kunyangwe vachigona kushanda pamwechete kusvika pamwero wakati, kana kambani ikasanganisa nharaunda neIT pa-zvivakwa uye mugore.
Chii chinoitika kana komputa yandinoshanda painozorora?
Kunyangwe fungidziro iyi isingaite asi inofananidzira, asi kana ikasaitika, haitungamiri kumatambudziko makuru, sezvo iri mumubatanidzwa wakabatana, Active Directory inobvumira kupinda kune imwe komputa ine chinongedzo kune yakataurwa network, ichisimbisa mvumo yayo se mushandisi semazuva ese..
Muchishandiso chitsva ichi, pachava nekugadziriswa kwakafanana nekwakapfuura; kunyange zviri pachena kuti data haizochengetwe pane imwe yemuviri hard drive, asi zvinogoneka kushanda zvakajairika. Zvino unoziva here kuti Active Directory chii?Mubatsiri pasina kupokana.
Active Directory yakarongwa sei?
Active Directory ine matatu akakosha mazinga, iyo domain, miti, uye masango. Ipo iyo dura rinoenderana nekongiresi yevashandisi vakabatana, makomputa pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zveAD, uye sezviri zvese, vanoshuma kuhofisi yepakati yesangano. Izvi zvinokwanisa kusanganiswa kuita muti kana kuti seti yeizvi kuita sango.
Zvino, zvinofanirwa kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti domain inoganhurwa nehutongi. Nepo izvo zvinhu zveimwe domain zvinogarwa mune imwechete dhatabhesi pamwe nekutarisirwa pamwechete.
Kana zviri zvaro, sango rine muganhu wedziviriro; uko zvinhu zvemasango akasiyana-siyana hazvizokwanisi kuenderana kune mumwe nemumwe, kunze kwekunge vatariri vesango rega rega vagadzira chinongedzo chekuvimba pakati pavo. Ichi chikamu chichanzwisiswa zviri nani mupfundo rinotevera.
Akakosha Mafungiro muActive Directory
Active Directory inoumbwa neakasiyana pfungwa, kusanganisira idzo dzakatsanangurwa muchikamu chakapfuura, dzinofanirwa kunyatsonzwisiswa kuti unzwisise zvizere kuti Active Directory chii, uye akasiyana ramifications uye kushanda kwayo sehurongwa:
Domain muActive Directory
Kutanga, kutaura nezve Active Directory kutaura kune domain, sezvo ichinyatso kunyudzwa mune yayo tsananguro. Asi inoratidzwa mumashoko akajeka uye akawanda.
Inobva yaita seti yemakomputa akabatana kunetiweki, uye ayo akabatana nesevha kuti akwanise kubata ese evashandisi maakaundi uye zvibvumirano zvakanzi network inoda. Senge chero imwe network, akati wandei anotora chikamu, asi iwo haasungirwe kusangana nemumwe, kunyangwe domain (A) inogona kuwana 2 mamwe madomasi (B uye C), asi hazvireve kuti C inokwanisa kuwana b. .
Ndosaka zvichinzi Active Directory iri zvakare domain controller, sezvo ichikubvumidza iwe kugadzira akasiyana madomasi uye kutonga mvumo nekudyidzana mune imwe neimwe yeizvi. Uko hukama hwakadaro hunonzi hukama hwekuvimba kana kuvimbana.
Uye ndicho chikonzero nei, sango rega rega riine midzi yemidzi, uye mamwe madomasi anogona kushandiswa kugadzira mamwe mapartitions mukati mesango. Saka, chinangwa chedomasi ndechekupatsanura dhairekitori kuita zvidimbu zvidiki kuitira kudzora ichi chionioni.
Mune mamwe mazwi, dura rinoganhura kudzokorora muActive Directory, chete kune mamwe madomasi controller ari mukati mayo. Nokudaro, kana pane mahofisi e2 mumaguta akasiyana-siyana, yekutanga haifaniri kudzokorora deta yechipiri (kana kuti zvinopesana. Izvi zvinoponesa bandwidth uye zvinomisa kukanganisa kunogona kuitika kuburikidza nekuputsika kwekuchengeteka.
Kutenda
Kune chikamu chayo, nyaya yekuvimba inoenderana nehukama hwakagadzirwa pakati pemadomasi maviri, miti miviri kana masango maviri. Kune izvi, kune maviri akakosha marudzi, nekuti mamwe ekuwedzera anogona kugadzirwa:
- transitive trust: inoreva izvo zvinogadzirwa otomatiki pakati peActive Directory domains; rudzi urwu rwekuvimbika runoitika zvakaenzana pamativi ese, kureva: A <-> B.
- Yakananga kuwana trust: iko kuvimba kwakajeka, kunotsanangurwa kune 2 domains, nenzira iyi unogona kuwana zvakananga kubva kune imwe kuenda kune imwe.
Chinangwa
Chinhu ichi izita rekare rinoshandiswa kureva chimwe chinhu mukati medhairekitori. Zvinhu izvi zvakakamurwazve kuita 3 mhando:
- Vashandisi: zvinoenderana nekuwana zvitupa kunzvimbo dzebasa.
- Zvidzidzo: ndizvo zvinhu zvinowanikwa kune wese mushandisi uye zvinoenderana nemvumo yavo. Inogona kugutsikana, mafaira akagovaniswa, maprinta, pakati pevamwe.
- Services: inoteerera mabasa anowanikwa kune mumwe nemumwe mushandisi, pakati peiyo email.
chikwata chesangano
Chikamu chesangano muActive Directory chinoenderana negaba rezvinhu, uko maprinta, vashandisi, mapoka kana vamwe vanomira pachena, izvo zvakarongwa nenzira yezvimwe zvidiki zvakarongwa nenzira ye hierarchical. Nezvikamu izvi, zvinokwanisika kuona kuti dura rakarongwa sei, pamusoro pekufambisa marezinesi nekubudirira kukuru maererano nezvinhu zvirimo.
Muti
Muti, kune chikamu chayo, unoumbwa neseti yenzvimbo, iyo ichaenderana neyakajairwa mavambo kana mudzi, kunze kwekurongeka zvakanaka nehumwe hutungamiriri, inozivikanwawo seyakajairika DNS. Nekuda kwechimiro ichi, mamwe madomasi anogona kuzivikanwa zvirinani kubva kune mamwe, semuenzaniso, yakafanana domain inogona kuenzanisirwa se. updatehoy.web uye updatehoy.updatehoy. Web, uko kunocherechedzwa kuti ndeemunzvimbo imwe chete yemuti.
Kureva kuti, kuburikidza nemuti, imwe Active Directory inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu nechinangwa chekugadzirisa manejimendi ezviwanikwa zviripo. Naizvozvo, kana mushandisi ari chikamu chenzvimbo, inozozivikanwa zvakaenzana nemadomasi ari epakati domain.
Sango
Kana uchikwira nhanho yemanera ane hierarchical, mumwe anenge ari pamberi pesango; kune ese madomasi anogara munzvimbo iyoyo. Imwe neimwe dura mukati mesango ine humwe hukama hwekuvimba kana husingachinji hwakavakirwa pane otomatiki scaffolding. Asi izvo zvinobvumira mushandisi kuzvibata kune zvavanoda uye zvinoenderana nezvavanoda.
Naizvozvo, miti yakati wandei ine mazita akasiyana inogona kugarisana musango rakataurwa. Izvi zvichagara zvine kanenge midzi midzi mukati mayo, kuitira kuti kana iwe waisa domain kekutanga, iwe unenge uchigadzira mudzi wemuti uye pamusoro pawo mudzi wesango.
Zvinodiwa kugadzira Active Directory
Sezvinoratidzwa, munhu anogona kupindura kuti Active Directory chii, kuti chishandiso chakatarisana nemaseva nemasangano, uye mupfungwa iyi, Windows pachayo haina basa iri. Nenzira yakadai, kuti kuvaka rudzi urwu rwenzvimbo, zvinotevera zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa:
- Windows server, vhezheni yeiyo inoshanda sisitimu yakanangana neMicrosoft maseva ichadikanwa; kukwanisa kushandisa Windows server 2000, 2003, 2008 uye 2016.
- Iva neTCP/IP protocol yakaiswa uye ine yakagadziriswa IP nzira yakagadziriswa pane server komputa.
- Iva neDNS server pane sevha, iyo inowanzove iripo.
- Iva nefaira system inoenderana neWindows, mune iyi kesi NTFS.
Mhedziso pane chinonzi Active Directory
Kupedzisa musoro weichi chinyorwa pane iyo Active Directory chii, isu tinogona kungodzokorora kuti icho chishandiso chakanyanya kukosha parizvino kumasangano kuti atarisire centralization yezviwanikwa munzvimbo yebasa zvichienderana nemidziyo yemakomputa.
Nebasa guru iri, hapazove nekudikanwa kwekuita mabasa ega ega ega pazviteshi zvebasa, nekuti zvese zvichaitwa kubva kune imwe kana akati wandei epakati maseva. Iyo ine zvakare intuitive chimiro chinogonesa kupihwa kwemvumo uye zviwanikwa.
Active dhairekitori se domain system ine rezinesi rakabhadharwa, ndeyaMicrosoft. Uye zvisinei neshanduro dzayo dzemahara dzichibvumira kupinda kune akawanda mabasa akadai Vhura LDAP, Mandriva Directory Server kana kunyange Samba, haina chekuitira shanje akabhadharwa.
Chekupedzisira, zvinofanirwa kuwedzerwa kuti ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero izvo makambani anosarudza kutora mhinduro idzi, sezvo vachiziva kuti vanoshanda uye havafanirwe kutenga marezinesi esoftware, ayo ane maitiro akafanana.
Kana iwe wakaona ichi chinyorwa chinobatsira nezve Active Directory, isu tine chokwadi chekuti mazano ari muanotevera malink achabatawo kutarisisa kwako:
- Chirongwa chekuita invoice uye bhajeti
- purogiramu yekubhadhara
- Chirongwa chekubhadharisa chepamusoro mafreelancers