Mubhuku rino tinokuratidza zvese nezve cooperative Goiener chii chakatsaurirwa kuSpain, ndeapi mareti uye kuzvipira kwayo kuchizvarwa uye kushandiswa kwesimba rakasvibirira kana simba rinodzokororwa. Pamusoro pekupa mazano ekutanga anobatsira kunzwisisa rudzi urwu rwebhizinesi chirongwa.
Chii chinonzi Goiener?
La Kubatira renewable simba Goiener yakavambwa muna 2012, kuchamhembe kweSpain, ikambani diki yekushambadzira yesimba rinodzokororwa rinopa kugadzirwa kwesimba uye mapurojekiti ekushandisa nechinangwa chekudzoreredza hutongi hwesimba.
Mutengesi wemagetsi anotsigira kugona kwevanhu kana nharaunda kutonga simba ravanoshandisa. Naizvozvo, hutongi hwesimba hunopesana neiyo centralized kugadzirwa modhi, uye inovhura musuwo wekuti vanhu vave vanoshingaira vanokurudzira kugadzirwa kwesimba, vanogona kudzora mutengo wavo uye kushandiswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemunhu wese.
Pamusoro pezvo, Basque Cooperative inoshanda mumusika wakasununguka, ine nhengo dzinopfuura zviuru gumi nerimwe uye ine zvibvumirano zvinopfuura zviuru gumi nezvina. Kunyangwe ichigona kutengeswa mumusika wepeninsular, inoshanda zvakanyanya munharaunda mbiri dzinozvimiririra, iyo Basque Country neNavarra.
Mazita efoni
- Bata Mibvunzo / Headquarters
- 900 816 365 Mutengi sevhisi kubva Goiener (mahara)
- 943 088 444 Telephone muGuipuzcoa
- 945 157 444 Vitoria-Gasteiz
- 946 277 701 Bilbao
- 943 946 020 Runhare muSan Sebastian
- 948 504 135 Pamplona
- 948 630 384 Badazi (Navarre)
- goiener@goiener.com Pamhepo sevhisi yevatengi
- goiener@clientes.com Mainvoice
Mitero
Iyo Goiener Cooperative inopa mitengo inokwanisika yemagetsi epamba uye ekutengesa. Mitengo yemasevhisi aya inochinja mwedzi mitatu yega yega uye inogona kubvunzwa paGoiener webhusaiti mazuva gumi nemashanu pachine nguva. Simba riri pasi pe15 kW uye simba riri pamusoro pe10 kW rinotevera maitiro akafanana. Kunze kwekunge zvataurwa neimwe nzira, nguva yekondirakiti neGoiener ndeyepagore nekukasira.
Izvi zvinotanga kubva pazuva iro mutengi anosaina chibvumirano nekambani yekutengesa. Kuvandudza kuchaitika otomatiki mukati menguva imwe chete yekondirakiti. Nezvekugara kwezvibvumirano zveGoiener, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti kune marudzi maviri: zvibvumirano zvisina hushoma hwekugara uye zvibvumirano nekusingaperi zvine chekuita nenguva yakatarwa yakabvumiranwa pakati pevadyidzani nemubatanidzwa.
Mune kondirakiti isingaperi, iyo shoma yekugara yakabvumirana inowanzo 12 mwedzi. Zvisinei, kana chirevo ichi chisina kujeka muchibvumirano, nhengo haigoni kusungwa zvachose nemubatanidzwa nenzira ipi zvayo. Naizvozvo, ivo havazogamuchire chero chirango chemari.
Goiener 2.0A Matengo
Kushandisa Simba
€0,1167/kW/zuva €0,1464/kWh
Mitengo 2.0 DHA kubva kuGoiener
Period Power Kushandisa
Peak €0,1167/kW/zuva €0,1661/kWh
Mupata €0,1167/kW/zuva €0,0999/kWh
Goiener DHS 2.0 Matengo
Period Power Kushandisa
Peak €0,1167/kW/zuva €0,1665/kWh
Flat €0,1167/kW/zuva €0,1036/kWh
Mupata €0,1167/kW/zuva €0,0880/kWh
Mitengo 2.1 A yeGoiEner
Kushandisa Simba
€0,1234/kW/zuva €0,1573/kWh
GoiEner's 2.1 DHA Matengo
Period Power Kushandisa
Peak €0,1234/kW/zuva €0,1763/kWh
Mupata €0,1234/kW/zuva €0,1085/kWh
GoiEner's 2.1 DHS Matengo
Period Power Kushandisa
Peak €0,1234/kW/zuva €0,1766/kWh
Flat €0,1234/kW/zuva €0,1160/kWh
Mupata €0,1234/kW/zuva €0,0914/kWh
Tanga neGoiener Cooperative
Izvo zvinofanirwa kutariswa kuti kuti unakirwe chero sevhisi inopihwa neGoiEner, iwe unofanirwa kutanga wave nhengo yemubatanidzwa. Hutungamiri uhu hunogona kuitwa kuburikidza newebhusaiti yayo, nekuzadza fomu repamhepo, kana kufonera nhamba yefoni yebasa revatengi 900 816 365 kana kuenda wega kune chero hofisi iri munharaunda yenzvimbo dzinozvitonga dzeEuskadi neNavarra, kuchamhembe kweSpain.
Kunyoresa semubatsiri muGoiener kuburikidza nefomu repamhepo, nhevedzano yedata yakakosha inofanirwa kupihwa:
- Ruzivo rwevatengi
- Kero yetsamba yekugara kweanonyorera
- Bank account kuita muripo
- Mari yekutanga yekubatsira kune share capital yeGoiener
Activate Light Service
Paunopedza kunyoresa seGoiener partner, unogona kutanga nematanho ekuva nekontrakiti yemagetsi. Nechinangwa ichi, Goiener anokumbira nhevedzano yemagwaro ekugadzirisa zvinobudirira chibvumirano chekugovera magetsi.
Muchiitiko chekutanga, kunyoresa chiedza, zvakakosha kuratidza mamiriro ehupfumi hwemagetsi. Nenzira iyi, tinogona kuwana zviitiko zviviri zvinogoneka:
- Registration of reactivation yedzimba kana nzvimbo dzine magetsi.
- Zvivakwa zvitsva zvinonyoresa magetsi kekutanga
Zvinodhura
Kodzero dzekubatanidza
- Kodzero Yekodzero
- Mutengo Wekodzero Yekuwedzera €17,37/kW + VAT
- Kodzero dzekuwana €19,70/kW + VAT
- Mutengo wekodzero dzekubatanidza €9,04 + VAT
Mienzaniso
Kodzero/ Mutengo wekodzero/ Kondirakiti simba/ Mhedzisiro
- Kuwedzera €17,37/kW + VAT 4.2 kW €88,27
- Kuwana €19,70/kW + VAT 4.2 kW €100,11
- Kubhadhara kwakaderera €9,04/kW + VAT 4.2 kW €45,94
Kanzura sevhisi
Kukanzura sevhisi, nhengo yacho inofanirwa kuzivisa Bhodhi reVatungamiriri nekunyorera mwedzi mumwe pachine nguva, kunze kwekunge paine chikonzero. Iwe unogona zvakare kuenda kumahofisi avo chaiwo kana kufonera nhare yebasa revatengi 900816365.
Kumisa masevhisi emubatanidzwa wesimba seGoiener kunoda kushanda nesimba kunhengo dzayo. Sezvataona kare, kune marudzi maviri ezvibvumirano ane mitemo yakasiyana yekusingaperi. Mitemo inobata iyo GoiEner kusanyoresa maitiro.
Panyaya yevashandisi vane kondirakiti isina nguva shoma, vanogona kusiya Goiener chero nguva pasina chirevo chetemu. Nenzira iyi, havazokwanisi kugamuchira chero rudzi rwezvirango zvehupfumi kubva kumubatanidzwa.
Zvakasiyana kusiya Goiener kana uine kondirakiti ine hukama hwekusingaperi. Izvi zvinorevei? Panguva yekusaina kontrakiti nemubatanidzwa, nhengo inogona kubvumirana pane imwe nguva yekusingaperi (kazhinji 12 mwedzi). Kunyangwe nerudzi urwu rwekontrakiti, nhengo inogona kuzvibvisa kana ikakumbirwa mazuva gumi nemashanu isati yapera kondirakiti.
Chirango
Kana chibvumirano chikaputswa zuva rekugumiswa kwechibvumirano risati rasvika, Goiener anogona kushandisa chirango che5% chinoenderana nemutengo wekontrakiti yesimba rinofungidzirwa rakamirira kuwanikwa.
Panguva iyo mumwe wake anotaura nezvekubuda kwake kubva musangano, ane kodzero yakazara yekudzorera mupiro wekutanga wakaitwa. Muchiitiko chekuti kukosha kwemupiro kwakawedzera mumusika, iyo yakabatana ichawana iyo yakanyanya kufungidzirwa mari.
Renewable simba
Renewable energy isimba rinoshanda rinowanikwa kubva kune zvinodzoreredzwa zviwanikwa, izvo zvinogadzikiswa pachiyero chenguva yemunhu, kusanganisira kabhoni-neutral sosi sechiedza chezuva, mhepo, mvura, masaisai, uye kupisa kwegeothermal Rudzi urwu rwesimba rinopesana nemafuta efossil. , iyo inoshandiswa nokukurumidza zvikuru kupfuura iyo inodzorerwa.
Renewables anowanzo kupa simba munzvimbo ina huru: kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, mhepo nemvura inodziya/kutonhora, zvekufambisa, uye kumaruwa (off-grid) simba masevhisi.
kushandiswa kwese
Sekureva kweiyo 21 REN2017 mushumo, simba rinogona kudzokororwa rakapa 19,3% mukushandiswa kwesimba repasirese kwevanhu uye 24,5% kuchizvarwa chavo chemagetsi muna 2015 na2016, zvichiteerana.
Kushandiswa kwesimba uku kwakakamurwa kuita 8,9% kubva kumararamiro echinyakare, 4,2% sesimba rekupisa (mazuva ano biomass, geothermal uye kupisa kwezuva), 3,9% kubva kumagetsi emvura uye yasara 2,2% imagetsi kubva kumhepo, solar, geothermal nemamwe marudzi ebiomass. . Kudyara kwepasi rose muhunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji kwakasvika kudarika $286.000 bhiriyoni muna 2015.
Muna 2017, mari yepasi rose musimba rinodzokororwa yakasvika 279.800 bhiriyoni emadhora, iyo 126.600 bhiriyoni emadhora (45% yekudyara kwepasirese) yakaenzana neChina, 40.500 bhiriyoni emadhora kuUnited States uye 40.900 bhiriyoni emadhora kuEurope . Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pasi rose kwaive nemabasa emamiriyoni gumi nemazana mashanu ane chekuita nemaindasitiri emagetsi anovandudzwa, aine solar photovoltaics ari mukuru wevashandirwi vezvezvekushandisa.
Evolution
Renewable magetsi masisitimu ari kukurumidza kuita anoshanda uye akachipa, uye chikamu chavo chese simba rekushandisa chiri kuwedzera.Muna 2019, zvinopfuura zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvemagetsi matsva akaiswa pasirese akavandudzwa. Kukura kwemarasha uye kushandiswa kwemafuta kunogona kupera muna 2020 nekuda kwekugamuchirwa kukuru kwesimba rinodzokororwa uye gasi rechisikigo.
Padanho renyika, munyika dzinosvika makumi matatu pasirese, simba rinogonekazve rinotobatsira kune anopfuura makumi maviri muzana emagetsi ekupa. Misika yemagetsi inovandudzwa mudzimba inotarisirwa kuramba ichikura zvakasimba mumakore gumi anotevera uye kupfuura Nyika mbiri, Iceland neNorway, dzatogadzira magetsi adzo ese kubva kusimba rinowanikwazve, uye dzimwe nyika zhinji dzakazvimisira chinangwa chekusvika ku30% renewable simba mune ramangwana.
Nyika dzinenge makumi mana nenomwe pasi rose dzatova nemagetsi anodarika makumi mashanu kubva muzana kubva kune anogona kushandiswazve.Zviwanikwa zvesimba renewable zviripo munzvimbo dzakakura dzenzvimbo, kusiyana nemafuta efossil, ayo akaiswa munzvimbo shoma dzenyika.
Kuperekedzwa
Iko kukurumidza kutumirwa kwesimba rinodzoreredzwa uye tekinoroji inoshanda zvakanaka kuri kutungamira kune yakakosha kuchengetedzwa kwesimba, kudzikisira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye zvikomborero zvehupfumi. Pane tsigiro yakasimba musarudzo dzeruzhinji dzepasi rose dzekusimudzira zviwanikwa zvinogoneka, zvakaita sesolar nemhepo.
Kunyangwe akawanda mapurojekiti emagetsi anovandudzwa akakura, matekinoroji anovandudzwa akakodzerawo kunzvimbo dzekumaruwa nenzvimbo dziri kure nenyika dzichiri kusimukira, uko simba rinowanzokosha mukusimudzira kwevanhu.
Sezvo tekinoroji zhinji dzesimba remagetsi dzichipa magetsi, kushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi kunowanzo kuisirwa pamwe chete nekuwedzera kwemagetsi, ayo ane mabhenefiti akati wandei: magetsi anogona kushandurwa kuita kupisa, anogona kushandurwa kuita magetsi emagetsi nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro, uye akachena padanho rekupisa. kushandiswa.
Uyezve, kuiswa kwemagetsi ane simba rinodzokororwa kunoshanda zvakanyanya uye nekudaro kunotungamira kudzikiswa kukuru kwezvinodiwa zvesimba zvekutanga.
Zvimiro zvakakosha
Kuyerera kwesimba rinodzokororwa kunosanganisira zviitiko zvechisikigo zvakaita sechiedza chezuva, mhepo, masaisai, kukura kwechirimwa, uye kupisa kwegeothermal, sekutsanangura kunoita International Energy Agency:
Simba rinovandudzwa rinobva kumaitiro echisikigo anogara achizadzwa. Muzvimiro zvaro zvakasiyana-siyana, rinouya zvakananga kubva kuzuva kana kuti kubva pakupisa kunobva mukatikati menyika.
Tsanangudzo iyi inosanganisira magetsi uye kupisa kunoitwa kubva kuzuva, mhepo, gungwa, hydroelectric, biomass, uye geothermal zviwanikwa, pamwe ne biofuels uye hydrogen inotorwa kubva kune inodzokororwa zviwanikwa.
Mikana kune mamwe matunhu
Renewable simba zviwanikwa uye mikana yakakosha yesimba rekushandisa iripo munzvimbo dzakakura dzenzvimbo, mukusiyana nemamwe masimba emagetsi, ayo akaiswa munhamba shoma yenyika. Kukurumidza kutumirwa kwesimba rinodzokororwa uye kugona kwesimba, pamwe nekusiyana kwetekinoroji kwezviwanikwa zvesimba, zvaizotungamira kune zvakakosha hupfumi uye kuchengetedza simba.
Zvichaderedzawo kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, sekusvibiswa kwemhepo kunokonzerwa nekupisa mafuta ezvicherwa, uye kuvandudza hutano hweveruzhinji, kuderedza kufa nguva isati yakwana nekuda kwekusvibiswa uye kuchengetedza mari yehutano yakabatana, inosvika mazana emabhiriyoni emadhora pagore chete muUnited States.
Shanduko yemamiriro ekunze
Renewable energy sources, iyo inowana simba rayo kubva kuzuva, zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga, senge hydroelectricity uye simba remhepo, inotarisirwa kukwanisa kupa simba kuvanhu kweanoda kusvika mamwe bhiriyoni makore, panguva iyo inotarisirwa kuti kuwedzera kwakafanotaurwa kupisa kunobva kuzuva kunoita kuti pasi panopisa zvikuru kuti mvura yemvura ivepo.
Kunetsekana pamusoro pekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kudziya kwepasi, pamwe nekudonha kuri kuramba kuchikwira kwemitengo yeimwe simba rinogonekazve, sematurbine emhepo uye solar panels, zviri kufambisa kushandiswa kwesimba rinowanikwazve. Kushandiswa kwehurumende kutsva, mirau uye marongero zvakabatsira indasitiri kutarisana nedambudziko rezvemari repasirese kupfuura mamwe matunhu mazhinji.
Zvisinei, kubva muna 2019, maererano neInternational Renewable Energy Agency, mugove wepasi rose wesimba rinoshandiswazve mumusanganiswa wesimba (kusanganisira magetsi, kupisa uye kutakura) inofanira kukura katanhatu nokukurumidza, kuchengetedza kuwedzera kwekushisa kwepasi rose "pasi" 2,0 °C (3,6°F) zana rino, zvichienzaniswa nemazinga asati atanga maindasitiri.
Zvimwe zvirongwa
Kubva muna 2011, madiki esolar photovoltaic masisitimu anopa magetsi kumamiriyoni mashoma emisha, uye mamicro-hydros akagadziridzwa mune mini-grid anoshanda akawanda akawanda.
Dzimba dzinopfuura mamiriyoni makumi mana nemana dzinoshandisa biogas yakagadzirwa mumichina yekuvhenekesa kana kubika, uye mhuri dzinopfuura 44 miriyoni dzinovimba nechizvarwa chitsva chezvitofu zvebiomass zvinoshanda. Munyori mukuru weUnited Nations wechisere, VaBan Ki-moon, vatsinhira kuti simba remagetsi rinogona kusimudzira nyika dzine hurombo zvikuru kuti dzive nebudiriro.
Padanho renyika, nyika dzinosvika makumi matatu pasirese dzatove nemasimba anogona kudzokororwa anopa zvinopfuura makumi maviri muzana kune simba rekupa. Misika yepasi rose renewable energy inotarisirwa kuramba ichikura zvakasimba mumakore gumi anotevera uye nekupfuura, uye dzimwe nyika zana nemakumi maviri dzine zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvenguva refu yemagetsi emagetsi, kusanganisira chinangwa che30% yemagetsi ese anogadzirwa. 20.
Dzimwe nyika dzine zvibodzwa zvenguva refu zvezvematongerwo enyika zvekusvika ku100% renewable energy. Kunze kweEurope, boka rakasiyana-siyana remakumi maviri kana kupfuura dzimwe nyika dziri kunanga simba rinogona kudzokororwa muzana muzana mu20-2020 nguva inotangira pakati pegumi kusvika makumi mashanu muzana.
Historia
Pamberi pekugadzirwa kwemarasha pakati pezana remakore rechiXNUMX, rinenge simba rose raishandiswa raidzorerwazve. Zvinenge zvamazvirokwazvo, kushandiswa kwekare-kare kunozivikanwa kwesimba rinodzokororwa, muchimiro chechinyakare biomass kupisa moto, yakatanga makore anopfuura miriyoni. Kushandiswa kwebiomass yemoto hakuna kupararira kusvika mazana ezviuru zvemakore gare gare. Pamwe chechipiri chekare chekushandiswa kwesimba rinodzokororwa kubatanidza mhepo kune simba ngarava pamvura.
Kuita uku kwakatanga makore 7.000 XNUMX, kuzvikepe zviri muPersian Gulf neNile.Simba regeothermal rinobva muzvitubu zvinopisa rave richishandiswa pakugeza kubva panguva dzePaleolithic uye pakupisa nzvimbo kubva munguva dzeRoma. Tichipinda munguva yenhau yakanyorwa, manyuko makuru esimba rinoitwazve egamuchidzanwa rakanga riri basa romunhu, simba remhuka, simba remvura, mhepo, mumagayo emhepo okukuya zviyo, uye huni, marara egamuchidzanwa.
XIX remakore
Nechekare muma1860 nema1870 zvaityirwa kuti budiriro yaizopera mafuta ezvisaririra uye kudikanwa kwenzvimbo iri nani kwakanzwika. Muna 1873 Purofesa Augustin Mouchot akanyora kuti:
Nguva ichasvika iyo indasitiri yeEurope haichazowana zviwanikwa izvi, izvo zvakakosha kwairi. Zvitubu zveoiri nemigodhi yemarasha hazviperi, asi zviri kukurumidza kupera munzvimbo dzakawanda. Ipapo munhu achadzokera kusimba remvura nemhepo here? Kana kuti ichatamira uko manyuko okupisa ane simba zvikuru anotumira mwaranzi yawo kuvose? Nhoroondo icharatidza zvichauya.
Muna 1885, Werner von Siemens, achitaura nezvekuwanikwa kwe photovoltaic effect mumamiriro akasimba, akanyora.
Mukupedzisa, ndingataura kuti kunyangwe kukosha kwesainzi kwekuwanikwa uku kwakakura, kukosha kwayo kunoshanda hakuzove pachena kana isu tichiratidza kuti simba rezuva harina magumo uye haridhure, uye richaramba richidururira kwatiri kwemakore asingaverengeki. mushure mekunge madhipoziti ese epasi kabhoni apera uye akakanganwa.
Max Weber akataura nezvekuguma kwemafuta ezvisaririra mundima dzokupedzisira dzebhuku rake rinonzi The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, rakabudiswa muna 1905. Kugadzirwa kwemainjini ezuva kwakapfuurira kusvikira pakatanga Hondo Yenyika Yokutanga: munguva yemberi iri kure. mafuta apera, simba rezuva richaramba riri nzira bedzi yokuvapo kworudzi rwomunhu.
Dzidziso yepeak oil yakabudiswa muna 1956. Mumakore ekuma70, vezvemhoteredzo vakakurudzira kugadzirwa kwesimba rinogona kushandiswazve kutsiva kupera kweoiri pakupedzisira uye kutiza kutsamira pazviri, uye magwenya ekutanga eturbine emhepo akaonekwa. Simba rezuva rakanga rave nenguva richishandiswa pakudziisa nekutonhodza, asi magetsi ezuva aidhura zvakanyanya.
Marketing
Kushambadzira kwesimba rinogoneka kunosanganisira kutumirwa kwezvizvarwa zvitatu zvesimba remagetsi matekinoroji kubvira makore anopfuura zana.
Tekinoroji dzechizvarwa chekutanga, dzakatokura uye dzakakwikwidzana mune zvehupfumi, dzinosanganisira biomass, hydroelectricity, uye geothermal simba uye kupisa. Yechipiri chizvarwa matekinoroji akagadzirira musika uye parizvino ari kuendeswa; dzinosanganisira kupisa kwezuva, photovoltaics, simba remhepo, solar thermal power plant uye maitiro emazuva ano ebioenergy.
Tekinoroji yechizvarwa chechitatu inoda kuenderera mberi R&D kuedza kuita mipiro yakakura pasi rose uye inosanganisira advanced gasification yebiomass, inopisa yakaoma dombo geothermal uye simba remugungwa Muna 2012, renewables akaverengera hafu yemagetsi matsva akaiswa nameplate uye mutengo unoramba uchidonha. .
Mitemo yeveruzhinji uye hutungamiriri hwezvematongerwo enyika hunobatsira "kukwirisa nhandare" uye kufambisa kutora kukuru tekinoroji yesimba rinogonekazve Nyika dzakaita seGermany, Denmark neSpain dzakatungamira nzira mukuita zvirongwa zveutsva zvakakurudzira kukura kwakanyanya mumakore gumi apfuura.
Kubva 2014, Germany yakazvipira kune "Energiewende" shanduko kune hupfumi hwesimba, uye Denmark yakazvipira kusvika 100% simba rinoshandiswazve ne 2050. Ikozvino kune nyika dze144 dzine zvinangwa zvemitemo yesimba rekugadzirisa.
Evolution
Simba rinovandudzwa rakaenderera mberi nekukura kwavo nekukurumidza muna 2015, zvichipa akawanda mabhenefiti. Chinyorwa chitsva chakagadzirirwa kuiswa kwemhepo uye photovoltaic simba (64GW uye 57GW) uye hutsva hutsva hunosvika 329.000 mamiriyoni emadhora ekudyara musimba rinodzokororwa pasi rose.
Imwe yemabhenefiti makuru ekukura kwekudyara uku kuwedzera kwemabasa. Nyika dzakaisa mari zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura iChina, Germany, Spain, United States, Italy neBrazil. Makambani ane simba renewable anosanganisira BrightSource Energy, First Solar, Gamesa, GE Energy, Goldwind, Sinovel, Targray, Trina Solar, Vestas uye Yingli.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQNwqgjp4bg
Kunetsekana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. iri kufambisawo kukura kwemaindasitiri esimba remagetsi. Maererano nefungidziro yakaitwa muna 2011 neInternational Energy Agency (IEA), magwenya emagetsi ezuva anogona kugadzira magetsi akawanda pasi rose mukati memakore 50, zvichideredza kusvibiswa kwegasi rinokuvadza.
Simba rinovandudzwa rave richinyanya kushanda mukugadzira mabasa kupfuura marasha kana mafuta muUnited States.
Renewable simba zvinangwa
Kugadzwa kwezvinangwa zvesimba remagetsi renyika zvinogona kuva chikamu chakakosha chegwaro resimba remagetsi uye izvi zvinonangwa zvinowanzotsanangurwa sechikamu chemusanganiswa wesimba rekutanga uye / kana kugadzirwa kwemagetsi.
Mienzaniso
Semuyenzaniso, European Union yakatara chinongedzo chesimba rinogonekazve che12% yesimba rose reEU musanganiswa uye 22% yemagetsi ekushandiswa panosvika 2010. Zvinangwa zveNyika zvakatemerwawo imwe neimwe yeEU Member States. chinangwa. Dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira dzine tarisiro yenyika kana yedunhu dzakatsanangurwa dzinosanganisira Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Switzerland, nedzimwe nyika dzeUS.
Zvinangwa zvenyika zvakare chikamu chakakosha chemaitiro emagetsi ekuvandudza mune dzimwe nyika dzichiri kusimukira. Nyika dziri kusimukira dzine tarisiro dzesimba remagetsi rinozobvira dzinosanganisira China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Brazil, Egypt, Mali neSouth Africa. Zvinangwa zvakatarwa nenyika zhinji dzichiri kusimukira zvine mwero zvikuru zvichienzaniswa nedzedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira.
Zvinangwa zvesimba rinodzokororwa munyika zhinji zvinoratidza uye hazvisungiri, asi zvakabatsira kuita kwehurumende nehurongwa hwekutonga. Sangano reUnited Nations Environment Programme rakaratidza kuti kuita zvinangwa zvesimba rinodzokororwa zvinosunga zviri pamutemo zvinogona kuve chinhu chakakosha chegwaro rekushandisa kuti riwane kupinda mumusika kukuru kwezvinovandudzwa.
Kukura kwesimba rinowanikwazve
Muna 2008, simba rinodzokororwa rakawedzerwa pane rakajairika simba rakawedzerwa kekutanga muEuropean Union neUnited States, zvichiratidza "shanduko yakakosha" yemisika yepasi rose yemagetsi kuenda kune zvinovandudzwa, sekureva kweshumo rakaburitswa neREN21, iro repasi rose rinovandudzwa. Energy policy network yakavakirwa muParis. Muna 2010, simba rinovandudzwa rakaita chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemasimba achangobva kuvakwa ekugadzira magetsi.
Pakupera kwegore ra2011, simba rose resimba rinodzorerwa pasi rose rakapfuura 1.360 GW, kuwedzera kwe8%. Magetsi ekugadzira magetsi anosvika hafu ye208 GW yesimba yakawedzerwa pasi rose muna 2011. Mhepo uye solar photovoltaics (PV) yakaverengera inoda kusvika 40% ne30%.
Studies
Sekureva kwe21 REN2014 chirevo, zvinovandudzwa zvakapa 19% pakushandisa kwedu simba uye 22% mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi muna 2012 uye 2013, zvichiteerana. Kushandiswa kwesimba uku kwakakamurwa kuita 9% kubva kune yechinyakare biomass, 4,2% sesimba rekupisa (kwete biomass), 3,8% kubva kumagetsi ehydraulic uye 2% kubva kumagetsi kubva kumhepo, solar, geothermal uye biomass.
Mukati memakore mashanu kubva mukupera kwa2004 kusvika 2009, pasi rose renewable energy capacity yakakura pamwero wepakati pe10% ne60% pagore kune akawanda matekinoroji, ukuwo kugadzirwa chaiko kwakakura ne1,2% pamwero.
Muna 2011, Under-Secretary-General weUN Achim Steiner akati "Kuramba kuchikura kwechikamu chepakati chehupfumi hwegirinhi hakusi kuitika netsaona.
Iko kusanganiswa kwezvinangwa zvehurumende, kutsigirwa kwemitemo uye mari yekusimudzira iri kutsigira kukwira kweindasitiri yesimba rekuvandudza simba uye kuisa shanduko inodiwa yesimba redu repasi rose mukati mekusvika.
» Uye akawedzera kuti: "Masimba anovandudzwa ari kuwedzera zvese maererano nekudyara uye mapurojekiti uye nekuwedzera kwenzvimbo. Neizvi, vari kuwedzera kuwedzera mukurwisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kurwisana neurombo hwemagetsi uye kusagadzikana kwesimba ".
international energy agency
Maererano nefungidziro yakaitwa muna 2011 neInternational Energy Agency, magwenya ezuva anogona kugadzira magetsi akawanda pasi rose mukati memakore 50, zvichideredza zvikuru kubudiswa kwemagasi e<em>greenhouse anokuvadza zvakatipoteredza.
IEA yakati: "Photovoltaic uye solar thermal plant inogona kusangana nemagetsi mazhinji epasi rose panosvika 2060 - uye hafu yezvese zvinodikanwa zvesimba - nepo mhepo, hydroelectric uye biomass zvidyarwa zvaizopa zvakawanda zvechizvarwa chasara. "Photovoltaics uye yakanyanyisa simba rezuva rinogona kuva tsime guru remagetsi."
Muna 2013, China yakatungamira pasi rose mukugadzirwa kwesimba rinodzokororwa, riine huwandu hwe378 GW, kunyanya simba remvura uye simba remhepo. Kubva 2014, China yakatungamira kugadzirwa nekushandiswa kwesimba remhepo, solar PV, uye smart grid tekinoroji, ichigadzira ingangoita yakawanda sehydro, mhepo, uye simba rezuva sekusanganiswa kwemagetsi ese eFrance neGermany.
Bato reChina renewable energy sector riri kukura nekukurumidza kudarika mafuta efossil uye simba renyukireya. Kubva 2005, kugadzirwa kwesimba resolar kuChina kwakawedzera zvakapetwa ka100. Sezvo kugadzirwa kwesimba rinodzokororwa kuChina kwakura, mitengo yetekinoroji yesimba remagetsi yadzikira. Innovation yakabatsira, asi mutyairi mukuru wekudzikisa mutengo kwave kuri kuwedzera kwemusika.
maitiro ehupfumi
National Renewable Energy Laboratory inofanotaura kuti mutengo wakaenzana wesimba remhepo uchadonha ne25% pakati pa2012 na2030.
Tekinoroji dzesimba remagetsi dziri kuderera, nekuda kwekuchinja kwehunyanzvi uye mabhenefiti ekugadzirwa kwakawanda uye kukwikwidza kwemusika.
Chirevo che 2011 IEA chakati: "Chikwata chemagetsi emagetsi ekugadzirisa simba chiri kukwikwidzana nemari mumamiriro ezvinhu ari kuwedzera, uye mune dzimwe nguva inopa mikana yekudyara pasina kudiwa kwerutsigiro rwemari chaiyo" , achiwedzera kuti "kuderedzwa kwemari mumatekinoroji anokosha, semhepo ne solar, zvichaenderera mberi" Kubva muna 2011, pave nekudzikiswa kwakanyanya mumutengo we solar nemhepo tekinoroji.
Mutengo wePV modules paMW wakaderera ne60% kubva muzhizha ra2008, maererano nefungidziro kubva kuBloomberg New Energy Finance, kuisa simba rezuva kekutanga kukwikwidza nemitengo yemagetsi ekutengesa munyika dzinoverengeka dzine zuva.
Mhepo turbine mitengo yadonhawo - 18% paMW mumakore maviri apfuura - ichiratidzira, sepakaitika simba rezuva, kukwikwidza kunotyisa mucheni yekugovera. Mutengo wakaenzana wesolar, mhepo uye mamwe matekinoroji ucharamba uchivandudza, zvichiunza kutyisidzira kuri kukura kune hutongi hwezvicherwa zvekugadzira mafuta mumakore anotevera.
magetsi emvura
Hydroelectricity uye geothermal magetsi anogadzirwa munzvimbo dzakanaka ndiyo nzira yakachipa yekugadzira magetsi. Mari yesimba remagetsi inovandudzwa iri kuramba ichidzikira, nemutengo wakaiswa magetsi (LCOE) wemagetsi emhepo, solar photovoltaics (PV), concentrated solar power (CSP), uye humwe hunyanzvi hwebiomass.
Renewables zvakare ndiyo yakachipa mhinduro kune itsva grid yekubatanidza huwandu munzvimbo dzakanyatso shandiswa. Sezvo mutengo wesimba rinodzokororwa uchidzikira, chiyero chezvishandiso zvehupfumi chinowedzera.
Renewable Technologies
Tekinoroji dzinogona kugadziridzwa ikozvino kazhinji ndiyo mhinduro yakachipa yehuwandu hwechizvarwa chitsva. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo "kugadzirwa kwemafuta ndiko kunonyanya kugadzirwa kwemagetsi (somuenzaniso, pazvitsuwa, kunze kwegrid, uye mune dzimwe nyika) panenge paine mhinduro ine mutengo wakaderera inogona kuvandudzwa."
Zvinoenderana nemishumo ye2012, matekinoroji ekugadzira magetsi anogonesa akaverengera hafu yesimba idzva rekugadzira magetsi pasi rose. Muna 2011, kuwedzerwa kwaisanganisira 41 gigawatts (GW) yesimba idzva remhepo, 30 GW yephotovoltaics, 25 GW yehydropower, 6 GW yebiomass, 0,5 GW yeCSP, uye 0,1 GW yegeothermal simba.
Zvipingamupinyi pakugamuchirwa kwayo
Misika yakawanda yemagetsi, masangano, uye marongero akagadzirwa kuti atsigire kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwemafuta ezvipfuyo Zvinyowani, zvekuchenesa matekinoroji zvinogona kupa magariro uye nharaunda mabhenefiti, asi vashandisi veutility vanowanzoramba zviwanikwa zvinogona kudzokororwa nekuti ivo vanoumbwa kuti vafunge chete maererano nehukuru hwakajairwa. mashizha emagetsi.
Vatengi vanowanzofuratira masisitimu emagetsi anogona kudzokororwa nekuti havagamuchire masaini chaiwo emitengo pakushandisa magetsi.
kukanganisa
Kuvhiringika kwemusika nemaune (zvakadai serubatsiro) uye neusingafungire (zvakadai serutsigiro rwakapatsanurwa) zvinogona kurwisa zvinovandudzwa. Benjamin K. Sovacool akataura kuti "zvimwe zvezvipingamupinyi zvakavanda, asi zvine simba, zvinotarisana nemagetsi ekugadzirisa uye kushandiswa kwesimba muUnited States zvine chokuita netsika uye masangano pane unyanzvi nesayenzi." »[.
Zvipingamupinyi kune kupararira kwekutengeserana kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi anonyanya kuve ezvematongerwo enyika, kwete unyanzvi, uye zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaitwa izvo zvakaratidza huwandu hwe "zvisiri-tekinoroji zvipingamupinyi" pakushandiswa kwesimba rinodzorerwa. Zvipingamupinyi izvi zvipingamupinyi zvinoisa simba rinodzokororwa panzvimbo yekutengeserana, yemasangano, kana yezvematongerwe enyika maererano nemamwe marudzi esimba.
zvipingamupinyi zvikuru
- Kuomerwa mukukunda masisitimu emagetsi akasimbiswa, kusanganisira kuomerwa nekuunza masisitimu emagetsi emagetsi, kunyanya kune chizvarwa chakagovaniswa senge photovoltaics, nekuda kwekukiya-mukati kwetekinoroji, misika yemagetsi yakagadzirirwa pakati pezvidyarwa zvemagetsi, uye kutonga kwemusika nevashandisi vakasimbiswa. Sezvo Stern Ongororo paEconomics yeClimate Change inoratidza.
- “Manetiweki enyika anowanzo kuchinjirwa kushanda kwezvivakwa zvemagetsi zvepakati uye nekudaro anofarira kushanda kwawo. Tekinoroji dzisingakwane nyore mumatiweki aya dzinogona kuomerwa nekupinda mumusika, kunyangwe tekinoroji pachayo ichiita zvekutengesa. Izvi zvinoshanda kune chizvarwa chakagoverwa, sezvo magridi mazhinji asina kugadzirwa kuti agamuchire magetsi kubva kune akawanda madiki manyuko.
- Zvikuru-zvikuru zvinogadziridzwa zvinogona zvakare kuve nezvinetso kana zviri munzvimbo dziri kure nemanetiweki aripo.
Kushaya rutsigiro
- Kushaikwa kwekutsigirwa kwezvematongerwo enyika kubva kuhurumende, izvo zvinosanganisira kushayikwa kwemitemo nemitemo inotsigira kushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi ekugadzirisa uye kuvapo kwemitemo nemitemo inodzivisa kukurudzirwa kwesimba rekugadzirisa uye kutsigira kukurudzirwa kwesimba rinowanzoitwa.
- Mienzaniso inosanganisira rubatsiro rwemafuta ezvicherwa, simba rekusimudzirwazve rinokwana kuvatengi, kunyoreswa kwehurumende kwetsaona dzegwenya remagetsi enyukireya, uye magadzirirwo emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi akaomarara uye maitiro emvumo.
- Kushaikwa kwekuparadzira ruzivo uye kuziva kwevatengi.
- Mutengo wepamusoro wemagetsi emagetsi anogona kudzokororwa kana achienzaniswa neakajairwa emagetsi matekinoroji.
Mamwe matambudziko
- Kusakwana kwemari sarudzo dzemapurojekiti emagetsi emagetsi, kusanganisira kusakwana kwekuwana mari inokwanisika yevanovaka mapurojekiti, vezvemabhizimisi nevatengi.
- Misika yemisika mikuru isina kukwana, kusanganisira kutadza kuisa mukati memitengo yese yesimba rakajairwa (semuenzaniso, mhedzisiro yekusvibiswa kwemhepo, njodzi yekukanganiswa kwekupa) uye kutadza kuisa mukati mabhenefiti akazara esimba rinodzokororwa (semuenzaniso, mweya wakachena. , kuchengetedzwa kwesimba).
- Kushaikwa kwehunyanzvi uye kudzidziswa kwevashandi, izvo zvinosanganisira kushaikwa kweruzivo rwakakwana rwesainzi, tekinoroji uye yekugadzira inodiwa pakugadzirwa kwesimba rinogoneka; kushayikwa kwekuvimbika kwekuisa, kuchengetedza uye kuongorora masevhisi; uye kukundikana kwegadziriro yedzidzo kupa dzidziso yakakwana mumichina mitsva.
- Kushaikwa kwemakodhi akakwana, zviyero, utility yekubatanidza, uye net metering nhungamiro.
Maonero asina kunaka eruzhinji eiyo aesthetics yesimba renewable system.
Kushaikwa kwevatori vechikamu uye nharaunda kutora chikamu pamwe nekushandira pamwe mukusarudzwa kwesimba uye mapurojekiti emagetsi anovandudzwa.
Ramangwana fungidziro
Tekinoroji dzesimba remagetsi dziri kuderera, nekuda kwekuchinja kwehunyanzvi uye zvakanakira kugadzirwa kwakawanda uye kukwikwidza kwemusika.
Chirevo che 2018 kubva kuInternational Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) yakagumisa kuti mari yesimba rinoshandiswazve iri kuwira nokukurumidza, uye ingangove yakaenzana kana yakaderera pane mari yezvisingagadziriswi, zvakadai semafuta emafuta, ne2020. kuti mutengo wesimba rezuva wakadzikira ne73% kubva 2010 uye iwo emhepo yemugungwa ne23% munguva imwe cheteyo.
Nekudaro, fungidziro dzemazuva ano dzemutengo weramangwana resimba rinodzokororwa zvinosiyana. EIA yakafanotaura kuti zvingangoita zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvekuwedzera kune simba remagetsi zvichabva kune zvinovandudzwa panosvika 2020 nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwezvematongerwo enyika kusvibiswa kwenzvimbo, decarbonisation uye kusiyanisa simba.
Sekureva kwe2018 mushumo kubva kuBloomberg New Energy Finance, mhepo uye simba rezuva zvinotarisirwa kuburitsa 50% yesimba repasi rose rinodiwa muna 2050, ukuwo zvidyarwa zvemarasha zvinodonha kusvika gumi nerimwe chete%.
Kuderedzwa kwemitengo
Hydroelectricity uye geothermal magetsi anogadzirwa munzvimbo dzakanaka ndiyo nzira yakachipa yekugadzira magetsi. Mari yesimba remagetsi inovandudzwa iri kuramba ichidzikira, nemutengo wakaiswa magetsi (LCOE) wemagetsi emhepo, solar photovoltaics (PV), concentrated solar power (CSP), uye humwe hunyanzvi hwebiomass.
Renewables zvakare ndiyo yakachipa mhinduro kune itsva grid yekubatanidza huwandu munzvimbo dzakanyatso shandiswa. Sezvo mutengo wesimba rinodzokororwa uchidzikira, chiyero chezvishandiso zvehupfumi chinowedzera.
Tekinoroji dzinogona kugadziridzwa ikozvino kazhinji ndiyo mhinduro yakachipa yehuwandu hwechizvarwa chitsva. Iko "kugadzirwa kwemafuta ndiko kunonyanya kugadzirwa kwemagetsi (semuenzaniso, pazvitsuwa, kunze kwegridi uye kune dzimwe nyika) panenge paine mutengo wakaderera unogona kuvandudzwa"
Zvidzidzo zvakatevedzana neUS National Renewable Energy Laboratory yakaenzanisira "gridi yeUS yekumavirira pasi pezvimiro zvakasiyana siyana umo zvinodzokororwa zvekare zvakaverengera 33% yesimba rose."
Kusashanda zvakanaka mukuchovha mabhasikoro emafuta emafuta ezvicherwa kutsiva kusiyana kwesimba rezuva nemhepo kwakakonzera imwe mari iri pakati pemadhora 0,47 ne$1,28 paawa imwe neimwe yemegawati inogadzirwa.
Izvo zvinoratidza kuti kuchengetedza mumutengo wemafuta akachengetwa anowedzera kusvika ku7.000 miriyoni emadhora, iyo yakawedzerwa mari, kazhinji, maviri muzana ekuchengetedza.
Kana waona bhuku rino richinakidza kana kuti richibatsira, tinokukumbira kuti uverenge mamwe mashoko angangofarirwa newe:
Nhau Pazvakasiyana-siyana Endesa rates
Acsol Energy: Runhare, Chiyero uye maonero
Ndakasvika simba muSpain : Sevha nemareti ako