Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve kuchinjanisa matunhu aripo Vanoshanda sei, ndezvipi uye zvinogadzirwa sei? Eya, usaende, nekuti mune inotevera chinyorwa isu tinokuudza iwe nezve zvese zvayo zvese.
Ndedzipi dziri kuchinjisa matunhu aripo uye ndedzipi?
Rimwe rematavi akakosha kwazvo wefizikiki munhoroondo ndevemagetsi, sezvo zvichisanganisira mainjiniya epanyama uye tekinoroji kuti unzwisise kuyerera uye kutonga kwemaerekitironi. Kuzivikanwa kwayo kunobva pombi yemuchina iyo inogona kukwidziridza zvimwe zviratidzo zvidiki muminda mikuru yemagetsi.
Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakashanda nemagetsi emagetsi uye izvi zvakakosha kuti unzwisise sezvo zvichisanganisira zvinoriumba zvine chekuita nema passive magetsi, uko kupfuura chero chinhu chakajairika chinoumbwa nemaseketi akabatanidzwa, ma sensors kana ma transistors.
Zvinhu zvinoshanda zvinokanganiswa nehunhu hwavo husina mutsetse, zvichiita kuti zvigadzirwa zvavo zvemagetsi zvishandiswe zvakanyanya mukugadzirisa dhata, nokudaro vachishandura zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kana masystem ekudzora kuita mudziyo wakazvimirira.
Mazhinji zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinoshandisa semiconductor zvikamu, ndiko kuti, sainzi yemagetsi uye tekinoroji yakagara ichinetsekana nekuchengetedza nekushandura simba kuita mamwe marudzi ezve zviwanikwa vachishandisa tambo, mabhatiri, kana mota.
Mazhinji ezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi anowanikwa mune zviridzwa, senge mutauri, tambo, switch, bhatiri, transducer, pakati pevamwe. Kugadzira mifananidziro yozo shanda se capacitor, diode, gudzazwi, nezvimwewo, zvakasiyana zvikamu zvinoshanda semidziyo yeichi chiitiko.
Kune chikamu chayo, magetsi emagetsi iko kufamba kwemaerekitironi, uye ivo vanogadzira yazvino inoenda kubva kune yakanaka kuenda kune yakashata. Uye huwandu hwemagetsi huchaja, magetsi, simba, kuramba kana simba.
Maatomu emuviri haana kwaakarerekera uye ane huwandu hwakaenzana hwemapurotoni akachajiwa, zvichikonzera mafambiro akananga nekuchinjika kuti agadziriswe zvakare. Mafambiro akanangana neaya anogadzirwa nemabhatiri, semuenzaniso, zvichikonzera chero eawo kuburitsa mweya unogara uchitenderera kuburikidza neanogamuchira.
Uye nekudaro isu tinobva tasvika pakushandura maseketi azvino, ayo anozove nemubatanidzwa wezvinhu zvinodzivirira uye zvine simba zvinosangana pamwe neyekuchinja magetsi sosi.
Sei zvichikosha kuziva nezve kusiyanisa matunhu aripo?
Nekugona kuisa voltage, inochinja iripo inogona kugadzikiswa kwenguva pfupi, ichiita kuti izivikanwe seyezvinoitika zvenguva pfupi, izvo zvinopa nzira kune izvo zvinonzi zvakamira zvazvino.
Iyo inoshandura yazvino dunhu inogona kuve nemubatanidzwa wezvinhu zvekuramba, kugona kana kuzvidzora-mukati mawo mota yaanopa iyo neinochinjika yazvino. Iyo zvakare inobvumidza iyo yakapusa kudzidza yemabasa avo emasekete akagadzirwa neanopikisa zvinhu.
Resistor zvinhu ndezve izvo zvakave zvakagadzirirwa kugadziridza kusagadzikana kwemagetsi pakati pemapoinzi maviri edunhu remagetsi. Uye zvakare, vamwe vanoshandura ongororo yazvino ndeye capacitors uye inductors.
MaCapacitors echikamu chavo vanozivikanwa kuve iyo capacitor kubva pane isina chinhu, inokwanisa kuchengeta simba rinotsigirwa nemagetsi magetsi. Inductors vanochengetedza zvakafanana kushanda uye ino coil inoumbwa nekondakita, uye inoenderana nemagineti induction nechikonzero chinoita icho, senge chazvino.
Nezve ongororo yayo, iyo inoshandura yazvino dunhu ine yakaoma mashandiro uko kusiyanisa equation kunofanirwa kushandisirwa. Zvese zvayinobva ndezve sinusoidal uye ine mutsetse uye yakamira hurumende, nekuti maseketi ane diode akasiyiwa uye mhedzisiro yavo inongova fungidziro.
Kuti uone kuwanda uye kusimba mubazi rega rega, chirongwa chekusiyanisa equations chinofanira kuiswa kuitira kuti zviitiko zvese zvinoitwa nemaseketi zvizivikanwe. Maitiro aya anoshanda zvakanyanya, nekuti kana chiitiko chekuti dunhu riine ma coils anopfuura maviri, zviyero zvakasiyana zvinofanirwa kuiswa kuti uzive mashandiro acho.
Nzira yekuongorora nekuita izvi maitiro?
Iyo inochinjika yazvino wave inoburitsa sinusoidal wave alternators, iyo panguva imwechete inogadzira iyo yakafanana wave kusvika makumi mashanu nguva pasekondi. Chii chinoita kuti ive neyakagadzirwa wave wave, kukosha kwayo kunogona kuve voltage kana kusimba mune yemagetsi wedunhu iyo inotemwa ne trigonometry, mashandiro ayo anogona kubatsira kupindura kana kudzivirira kuti ingashanda sei.
Kukosha kwega kwega hakugone kusiyaniswa nemafungu, kureva kuti, pakona yekutenderera iyo hypotenuse yetriangle inochengetedza huwandu hwakakura hweiyo wave, ichiita kukosha kwayo kwakanyanya kugara kwakafanana, iyo equation kana basa ndiro rinoshandiswa kuwana akasiyana maitiro Zvenguva yega yega.
Asi kana isu tiri kutaura nezvechimwe chinotsiva, aya maratidziro angave Anongoerekana Voltage, iyo inogadzira inochinjanisa yazvino panzvimbo dzayo, kana iwe usingazive dzakawanda dzenyaya idzi, isu tinozorerutsa iwe. Uyu unogashira unogona kutariswa sekukosha kwemhepo inosangana neimwe nzira, uye kana yakabatana neanogamuchira, kusimba kwazvino kuchakwanisa kuyerera kuburikidza nako.
Zvichienderana neanogamuchira, masaisai anotanga kunonoka kana kufambira mberi, sezvo paine mafasita ayo achaita kuti voltage uye kusimba wave kuve kwakaenzana nesinusoidal. Kuti uongorore mamwe maseketi aripo, maitirwo maviri anofanirwa kushandiswa, rimwe geometric rekutenderera mavheji uye imwe inoshandiswa kune akachena manhamba akaomarara.
Iko iko kwazvino kuwanda kuri kuwanda kwenguva, uye zviyero zvinowanzo shandiswa kwezvazvino uye zvimisikidzo zvaro, iyi yekuchinjanisa yazvino inopa huwandu hwakazara, senge milliamp uye microampere.
Kazhinji iyo inoshanduka voltage inofananidzwa nefungu mukati medenderedzwa kuitira kuti igone kusiyaniswa kubva kune yakananga voltage, iyo inomiririrwa nemitsetse miviri isina kuenzana uye yakafanana.
Mhando dzekuchinjisa macircuit aripo
Kune akawanda marudzi eanoshandura macircuit aripo, kubva pane akareruka kusvika kune akaomesesa, ndosaka tiine iwo emishonga, coil kana ma capacitors.
Izvo zvinodzivirirwa mudunhu zvine kuramba kwakabatana necheni inoshandura magetsi, ayo nemutemo zvakare ndeyemashiripiti anoshanduka arikuchinja maseketi azvino, zvichikonzera kuti razvino rive muchikamu kusvika pamatanho aro epamusoro.
Inductive macircuit ndiwo iwo maoil ayo anoenderana neye inductive yazvino nenzira yeiyo equation yezvivakwa zve trigonometric ratios, zvobva zvanyorwa muchikamu-chakachinjika magetsi uye azvino, zvichikonzera kunonoka madigiri makumi mapfumbamwe zvine chekuita nemhepo yemagetsi yazvino inotanga. pamberi penyaya.
Inductive reactance inotsanangurwa seiya inowedzera neyakawandisa uye ine akasiyana ekudzivirira zviyero, nekudaro, tinosvika kune yekupedzisira yekutanga element, inova iyo yeiyo ma capacitors. Iyo ndeimwe yakabatana neanoshandura yazvino sosi inoenderana nemutoro zvine chekuita nenguva uye inoshanda kudzikamisa iro simba.
Mune ino kesi, iyo yazvino iri pamberi pemagetsi uye, sezvingaonekwa, inobatsira iyo capacitive reactance iyo inoderera ne frequency, iine zvikamu zvekudzivirira kune ayo mashandisiro.
Iyo yazvino inoshandurwa nguva nenguva mupfungwa yayo, nekuti panguva dzekutanga chete yakananga yazvino yaishandiswa, asi makore zvaaifamba yakachinja kubva pakuva yakananga kuita imwe nekuti yaive yawana muhupfumi, kugona uye nyore kutapurirana pasina kusiya chero kurasikirwa kudiki.
Iyo yazvino chikamu chemisha nemaindasitiri uye kunyangwe iko kushandisa kwakananga kusati kwanyangarika, kuchinjanisa yazvino kunoshandiswa kazhinji uye mune zvese zvese, sezvo iine akawanda mafomu, mabhaluni emagetsi, mahwendefa kana zvitofu zvekubikisa ndiwo anopikisa chinhu uye kwete zvinoenderana negwara yekufamba kwemhosva.
Kune rimwe divi, chokwadi chekuti chazvino chinogona kuchinja ne mota frequency, uye akasiyana maficha ane anotevera maseketi, senge, phase shifters uye zambuko mhando.
Iwo mashifters echikamu ndeaaya anowanikwa nechimwe chinhu chinobatanidza chinopesana neaccoror uye capacitor, inozivikanwa semasekete akateedzana anoshandiswa kudzima asingadiwe echikamu mashifts mune rimwe dunhu, achiwedzerawo muganho wemagetsi kuitira kuti nhepfenyuro dzekutepfenyura dzigadziriswe.
Bridge-mhando matunhu anofambiswa nekuchinjanisa azvino, uye inogona kushandiswa kuyera capacitance, uye kushanda seyakananga yazvino bhiriji inokwanisa kuyera kukosha kwekusazivikanwa kuramba.
Pane here mienzaniso yekuchinjanisa macircuit aripo?
Ehe, nekuti iyo inoshanduka yazvino dunhu iri yakapusa pane yekufunda nzira inonzwika, kunyange zvakadaro, zvakakosha kuti uzive zvese zvataurwa. Izvo zvakakosha kutumidza mimwe yemhedzisiro mhedzisiro inogona kuwanikwa, kuitira kuti iwe ugone kuvaka kana kugadzirisa imwe mhando yedambudziko.
Imwe yemaseketi akajairika ndeye yekushomeka, coil uye inductor iyo inopindura neimwe nzira kune kuwanda kwechinosiyanisa sosi iyo yainodyiswa. Neichi chikonzero, redhiyo chiratidzo chinogadzira yazvino neiyo imwechete frequency, yakanyatsogadzirirwa kushanda seyakagashira uye yakanyanya ikozvino amplitude, ichiita mhedzisiro inonzi resonance.
Dunhu rinogashira rinoshanda sechigadziri nekuti rakagadzirirwa zvekuti zviratidzo zvenguva isingadiwe zvinounza mafashama madiki. Izvo zvisingawanikwe nema speaker uye saka hazvinzwike, zvisinei, hazvireve kuti hazvinzwikwe.
Kana iwe wakafarira chinyorwa, ini ndinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge: Magetsi maseketi Ndezvipi izvozvo? Zvikamu, mhando uye makuru ruzivo. Ndinoziva inogona kubatsira kwazvo kwauri.