Ziva mukati meichi chinyorwa zvese zvese nezve iyo kudzora kwenhamba, kukosha kwakakosha kwemaitiro ayo uye mashandisiro avanogona kuzvipa, muchinyorwa chino iwe uchaziva nenzira yakasarudzika uye yakapusa maitiro ese ayo anosanganisira.
Kuverenga Kudzora
Iyo inzira yekushandisa yemuchina iyo inochengetedzwa nenzira yeprogramu yekuraira pane yekuchengetedza svikiro.
Mushini wekutanga wedhijitari wekudzivirira kure wakagadzirwa nainjiniya John T. Parsons muma1940 nema1950. Yaive yakavakirwa pamachina aripo nemota dzakachinjwa, huwandu hwayo hwaive nemaoko hwakabatana nemirayiridzo yakapihwa punch kadhi kadhi maikorosikopu.
Idzi nzira dzekutanga dzeservo dzakagadzirwa nekukurumidza nerubatsiro rweanalog uye michina yedhijitari. Iko kushomeka uye miniaturization yevagadziri vakashandisa zvakanyanya tekinoroji yemagetsi mumhando dzese dzezvishandiso, zvichikonzera zita redhijitari rekudzora, komputa dhijitari kudzora, kuzvienzanisa nemichina yakanga isina makomputa.
Iyi nzira yakashandura indasitiri saka kana mhando iyi yekutaura ikashandiswa kureva rudzi urwu rwezvidzidzo izvo zvainge zvisina makomputa, saka nekuda kwema microprocessors anodhura uye chirongwa chakareruka chemuchina.
Nheyo dzekushanda
Maitiro acho akavakirwa pakuongorora kushanduka kwemuchina zvine chekuita nehurongwa hwekubatisa michina pachishandiswa chirongwa chekomputa chakaitwa nekombuta. Kune iyo lathe, kusuduruka kwechigadzirwa kunofanirwa kudzorwa pamatanho maviri ekubatanidza: iyo X axis inoshandiswa pakufamba kwenguva refu kweiyo yekutakura uye iyo Z axis inoshandiswa kune yekupedzisira kusuduruka kweshongwe.
Kune yekugaya muchina, iyo yakatwasuka kusuduruka inoenderana neY axis inodzorwawo.Nechikonzero ichi, zvese lathe uye iyo turret yekumisikidza mashini akaisirwa servo motors, uye mune kesi yeiyo lathe iyo petafura muchina, iwo wemagetsi muchina zvinoenderana nekwaniso yemuchina, haigone kuganhurirwa kumatemo matatu.
Applications
Inogona kushandiswa kuenzanisira simbi, kujoina, kuveza, mapurasitiki, emagetsi akadhindwa maseketi, pakati pevamwe. Iko kushandiswa kweiyo CNC system pamushini chishandiso chinowedzera mashandiro uye panguva imwechete inobvumidza kuumba mashandiro ayo anonetsa kupedzisa neakajairika maturusi maturusi, sekuzadzisa denderedzwa pamusoro nepo uchichengetedza yakakwira mwero weiyero chaiyo.
Kupedzisira, kushandiswa kwe makomputa manhamba ekudzora Iyo ine inobatsira pamagadzirirwo emitengo nekuderedza iyo yekugadzira mitengo yemazhinji michina uye nekuvandudza mhando.
Iko kushandiswa kweCNC kune kukatyamadza kunobatsira kumitengo yekugadzira nekudzikisa mutengo wekuvaka wemachina mazhinji, kuchengetedza kana kugadzirisa mhando yavo.
Kugadzirira pane yekuverenga kudzora
Iyi mhando yehurongwa inoshandisa nzira mbiri:
Chinyorwa kuronga
Mune chirongwa ichi, chikamu chakanyorwa chete nekufunga uye kuverenga kunoitwa neanoshanda chete, chirongwa chekugadzira chinosanganisira data rese rinodikanwa pakugadzirwa kwechikamu.
Sezvo mugadziri wega wega achishandisa yake yega NC chirongwa, kutanga kwechirongwa cheNC kunoonekwa nekusagadzikana kuvandudzwa kwekodhi yepurogiramu. Shure kwaizvozvo, chero bedzi mhando dzemapurogiramu dzakafanana, kudiwa kwekumisikidza kodhi yechirongwa chinhu chakakosha kuti chirongwa chimwe chete chishandiswe pamushini wakasiyana.
Otomatiki chirongwa
Kana tichitaura nezve programming tiri kutaura nezve zvinoitwa necomputer kana data racho rikapihwa neuyo anoita programming yechikamu ichi, chinoonekwa mumutauro wekuchinjana unonzi APT, unozobva wadudzirwa mumutauro wakakodzera pamutauro wega wega. neiyo post-processor, mutauro wemuchina.
Kururama
Iyo axis yemachini aya inowanzo tyairwa neanotsika mota iyo inopatsanura iyo 360 degree kutenderera kuita matanho mazana maviri ematanho aya. Naizvozvo, iko kurongeka kweiyo axis kunozopihwa nechuru chekutamisa main axis. Panyaya iyi, nhamba yematanho ndeye mazana maviri, chinzvimbo chekutenderera chishandiso, semuenzaniso: kana X-axis chokurukisa ine tambo ye200mm yakakamurwa kuita matanho mazana maviri emota, chishandiso chemuchina chinogona kupa huchokwadi hwe200 mm pane ino axis.
Asati uye mushure manhamba kudzora (CNC)
Kubva kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi60, kuwedzera kukuru kwemaindasitiri uye kushandiswa kukuru kwemichina ine mota zvakada kuti kutsvagwe kwenguva dzose kwemaitiro anoshanda. Kusvikira makore angangoita 65-XNUMX apfuura, basa rakasimba rinodikanwa pamabasa emaindasitiri haringodi chete timu hombe yevashandi, asi zvakare zvakakanganisa mhando, kunyatsoita uye kudzokorora, kuwedzera mari uye kudzikisa kugadzirwa.
Tinogona kuzviona kusvika papi kuburikidza nemuenzaniso wakapusa. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vazhinji vanoshanda muchitoro chemuchina vanoziva imwe yeakareruka mashandiro ekugadzira, kunyangwe kuchera maburi mune jira simbi ine chibooreso chemaoko.
Kuti uite izvi, anoshanda anofanira kuita akawanda mabasa: isa iyo ndiro pane yekuchera pasi, isa chidimbu mu chuck uye chiigadzire mune chokurukisa, sarudza kumhanya nekuchinja pulley, shandisa chokurukisa uye shandisa lever kana feed roller bepa tungamira gomba pabepa rinogadziriswa.
Zvino chimbofungidzira kugona kwekuita kwakadai munzvimbo yeindasitiri, uko mazana emakomba anofanirwa kuitwa mumazana emashizha epepa munguva ipfupi inogoneka nemutengo wakaderera uye mhando yepamusoro yekugadzira.
Aya ndiwo marongero akaitwa pfungwa yekudzora manhamba (NC) kumamishini ekugaya eAmerica muma1950. Mishini yekugaya yaishandisa vharuvhu yekuvhiya uye tekinoroji kadhi kadhi kurodha data.
Pakutanga kwema1960, machubhu emuchina akatsiviwa nema transistors, kudzamara kuuya kwemakomputa muma1970 kwakagadzika hwaro hwakajeka hweyatinodaidza kuti vhoriyamu tekinoroji. kudzora kwenhamba nekombuta (CNC).
Aya machipisi akachinja chikamu chese chekutonga kwenhamba uye vakaona kusangana kwemabasa, semubatsiri kune epamberi chirongwa, graphical inomiririra maturusi ematepisi, uye netiweki macircuit.
Aya machipisi anga aine mhirizhonga yakazara mundima ino yekutarisa uye vaona kubatana kwemabasa, senge epamberi zvirongwa zvekubatsira, graphical inomiririra yezvinhu nzira, subroutines uye makani macircular, kutaurirana uye network.
Munguva yemakore makumi mapfumbamwe, ruzivo rweiyo makomputa manhamba ekudzora, iyo yaibvumira kuigadzirisa uye kugadzira mubatanidzwa neruzivo rwemunhu, nzira yekudyidzana graphic, uye kutaurirana kwedhijitari neiyo variator uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvakanakira mashini.
Pakutanga kwema90s, yakavhurwa CNC ruzivo, iyo inobvumidza kuti igadziriswe uye ibatanidzwe neruzivo rwemunhu, kupindirana kwemifananidzo kuronga, kutaurirana kwedhijitari nemotokari uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvakanakira izvo zvakatipa mhinduro dzakakosha dzemuchina wekutarisa.
Mushini weCCC unoshanda sei?
Izvi zvinonyanya kudzora muchina uye unogamuchira maodha muchimiro chemakhodhi kubva kumakomputa uye anoishandura kuita masaini emagetsi kuburikidza neayo software kutangisa injini. Kana vatanga kufambisa sisitimu, mbezo dzemuchina weCCC dzinodiwa kuti dzigadzire mafambiro anodikanwa nemaitiro ekugadzira.
Kana tikaramba tichishandisa zvibhorani zvemaindasitiri semuenzaniso, matemo aya anoisa chishandiso paburi rinofanira kugadzirwa (mairi maviri) uye voita mashandiro (ekisero rechitatu), matemo anodomwa nemavara, mazita anozivikanwa kwazvo emakese ane mitsara ari X, Y uye Z, nepo iwo mazita akajairika ezvekutenderera masanhu ari A, B, uye C, maviri masisitimu anogona kushandiswa kufambisa kudzora. Iwo maviri masystem anogona kushanda akazvimiririra kana akabatana neumwe neumwe.
Kukosha kwakazara, uko maoneti enzvimbo yenzvimbo anoreva kutanga kweizvi, shandisa misiyano X (chiyero chakayerwa cheyakapetwa yekupedzisira) uye Z (kuyerwa nenzira inoenderana neiyo axis yekutenderera kwesikuru).
Kuwedzera kwekukosha, uko marongero enzvimbo chiratidzo anongedzera kuchiratidzo chazvino, shandisa iyo inoshanduka U (radial daro) uye W (kuyerwa munzira inoenderana neiyo axis yekutenderera kweiyo huru axis).
Zvirongwa zvinogadziriswa
Kana paine kungofamba chete, michina yeCCC ichave isina basa, ingangoita ese michina inogona kuverengerwa mune dzimwe nzira, ndosaka tichifanira kufunga kuti muchina wakanangana zvakananga nezvakakodzera kurongedzwa zvishongedzo, saka chero mabasa anodikanwa Iyo inogona yakarongedzwa pane CNC muchina chishandiso. Naizvozvo, semuenzaniso, machining centre ichave iine anotevera anotevera akarongeka mabasa:
Machining nzvimbo ine otomatiki chishandiso chishandiso inogona kutora akawanda akasiyana maturusi mubhokisi rinotakurika. Kana zvichidikanwa, chinonyanya kudikanwa chinogona kukurumidza kuiswa pachokurukisa kuti chienderane nekugadziriswa.
Spindle kumhanya nekumisikidza: iwe unogona kungo tsanangudza iyo spindle kumhanya (mu rpm), chokurukisa hachigone kungotenderedza wachi nekutenderera, asi zvakare mira.
Refriji: Izvi zvinodikanwa kune akawanda mashandiro ayo anoda firiji yekukodza uye kutonhodza chishandiso, inogona kuvhurwa uye kumiswa panguva yekuita kwebasa.
CNC chirongwa
Ichi chirongwa chakavakirwa pane akateedzana runyorwa uko ine mirairo yekuteedzera, izvi zvinongedzo zvinodaidzwa kuti cnc zvirongwa, izvo zvinofanirwa kuve nechero iro rinosungirwa ruzivo kuti muchina chikamu.
Zvirongwa zveCCC zvakanyorwa mumitauro yepasi-pasi inonzi G uye M, yakagadziriswa neIO 6983 (International Organisation for Standardization) uye EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance) RS 274, uye inoumbwa nemirairo yakajairika (G kodhi) nemamwe (Code M).
Chirongwa ichi chinopa chirevo chemutsara chakaumbwa nemabhuroko, kutanga nemavara N, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo unotevera, panowanikwa chiito chega chega kana chiito zvakateedzana, bhuroko rega rega rakaverengwa uye kazhinji rine rairo.
Pane makodhi anotsanangura kufamba kwemidziyo iri mubvunzo (semuenzaniso, kukurumidza kuenda kumberi, kumberi kweradio, kumbomira, kutenderera), nepo mamwe makodhi achitsanangura mamwe mabasa anodikanwa ekugadzirisa zvikamu, asi haapindirani nekufamba kwemidziyo ( semuenzaniso, chokurukisa kutanga UYE kumira, chishandiso shanduko, kutonhora, chirongwa kumira).
CNC mutungamiriri
Ichi chinhu chakakosha chinodudzira chirongwa cheCCC uye chinobata zvinhu zvakateedzana, kana uchiverenga chirongwa, muongorori anoita mashandiro anoita muchina, anotyaira kufamba kwechikwata uye kazhinji anoteedzera rairo dzakapihwa muchirongwa.
Kune zvimwe zvekushandisa izvo zviri:
- Kana kukanganisa kukaonekwa, shandura (gadzirisa) chirongwa.
- Ita chaiyo yekuongorora mabasa (semuenzaniso, kusashanda) kuratidza chokwadi cheiyo CNC chirongwa.
- Tsanangura zvimwe zvakakosha zvekushandisa zvinongedzo, senge chishandiso kureba kukosha.
CAM chirongwa
Muchikamu chino, tinotaura kukosha kwemapurojekiti (Computer Inobatsira Kugadzira) kana zvichinetsa kunyora zvirongwa zveCNC nekuda kwekushaikwa kweruzivo rwevashandisi kana kunyorera kwakaomarara, mune dzakawanda zviitiko zvirongwa zveCAM zvinogona kushandiswa pamwe chete neComputer Aided Design (CAD) .
Anoshanda anongoratidzira mashandiro ekugadzirisa, uye chirongwa ichi chinogadzira chirongwa choga. Izvi zvinobvisa izvo zvinodikanwa kutsanangudza kugoverwa kwechidimbu chebasa kuchirongwa.
DNC system
Kana chirongwa chikafambira mberi (nemaoko kana pachishandiswa chirongwa), chinofanirwa kutakurwa mumutongi uye kune ichi chiverengero chekutonga kwekuparadzira system (DNC) inoshandiswa.
Iyi sisitimu komputa inosunganidzwa nemuchina mumwe kana anopfuura eCNC, pachinyakare, kufambiswa kwezvirongwa kunoitwa uchishandisa yakakosha serial kutaurirana protocol (RS-232C). Nekudaro, sainzi yaenderera mberi nekupa vanodzora vanhasi kugona kukuru kwekutaurirana kuitira kuti vagone kubatidzwa munzira dzechinyakare (semuenzaniso, kuburikidza neEthernet).
Mikana yeJobho inopihwa neCCC tekinoroji
Nekukura kwemachina aya, hurombo hwakakomba hwevashandi vakarovedzwa kuishandisa hunoshamisa, nenzira yakadaro, inzvimbo inovimbisa umo muhoro wakanyanya uye basa rakabudirira rinogona kugadziriswazve. Aya anotevera mabasa anonakidza kwazvo kune chero munhu arikutsvaga mikana mumunda weCCC maturusi maturusi.
Zvakanakira CNC
Iko kune zvakanakira kuwedzera kuwedzera kugadzirwa uye kudzikisira nguva yekugadzira, michina uye maturusi zvakare zvinopa zvakasiyana siyana zvimwe zvakanakira sangano rako, senge:
- Kuita kwepamusoro uye mutengo wakaderera.
- Hukuru hunyanzvi uye zvirinani chigadzirwa mhando.
- Kuvandudza danho rekuchengetedza revashandisi.
- Iva nekwaniso inochinja yekubata zvigadzirwa zvekutanga uye / kana zvakaoma.
- Mumwe opareta anogona kushandisa michina yakawanda panguva imwe chete.
- Deredza kushanda kwekutenderera nguva.
- Mitauro yakawanda yekuronga.
- Chengetedza uye nekumisikidza zvigadzirwa zvako.
- Hukuru hwekushanda hwakaringana.
Nguva yekushandisa iyo CNC
Nezve nguva yekushandisa MHCN? Iyo sarudzo inowanzo gadziriswa zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa uye kuongorora purofiti; Nekudaro, munyika medu dzisina kusimukira pane inertia factor inodzivirira vemabhizimusi kutora mukana wehunyanzvi, zvekuti vanhu vanokurudzirwa kushandisa aya matekinoroji, zvemari uye nzira dzekugadzira dzinobatsira kugadzirisa kutaridzika kwekubatsira kwerudzi urwu mari.
Kune rimwe divi, kana izvi zvichingoitika, kambani inoendesa tekinoroji nekukurumidza, inovandudza hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi. Phenomenon senge izvi hazvishamise, zvakaitika kakawanda padanho revatengi munyika medu, kunyanya muPanama.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti titaure kuti kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwakatungamira vanhu kuva vatengi vakuru vetekinoroji, ndosaka tichishandisa zvinhu zvacho seizvi: Hi-Fi, mota, michina yekutaurirana nemakomputa. Saka nei uchifungidzira? Uye isu tinofunga kuti isu hatisi kukwanisa kuchinjisa iyo nyowani yekugadzira tekinoroji kune yedu bhizinesi ruzivo.
Iye zvino ngatitarisei mashandisiro ekushandisa kana kwete CNC maererano nehuwandu hwekugadzira:
- Paunenge uine kuita kwakakwira.
- Kugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwechinyorwa chimwe chete icho chisina kunyanya kukwirira.
- Kana kuoma kwechinyorwa kwacho kusiri kukwirira zvakanyanya.
- Nekuchinjana chinhu kana kupa akawanda mamodheru.
Zvakawanda
Parizvino, pane nharaunda izere netarisiro uye kusava nechokwadi, izvi zvinokodzera muchikamu chikuru kukurumidza kuchinja kwazvino tekinoroji, nekuti izvi hazvitenderi kuti inyurwe zvizere, zvichiita kuti zviome. Ita zvaunogona, kuraira zvakare kuve nekukurumidza shanduko yezvematongerwo enyika uye yezvematongerwo enyika, munharaunda yakaita seyedu (Nyika dzichiri kusimukira) kudzivirira kubuda kwemhinduro dzemuno kana dzekupokana nedambudziko redu rakakosha.
Pazvinhu zvese izvi, imwe yeanonyanya kukurudzira iri kuumba mutemo mutsva wepasirese wemusika, uye kudyidzana kwenyika. Zvese izvi zvinotaura nezvemakwikwi emahara, ndosaka zvakafanira kuti tishandure indasitiri yedu kuti igone kusangana nematambudziko gore rinouya.
Imwe sarudzo yeiyi indasitiri, yakaunza zvinhu zvemuchina, zvisinei izvo zvinofanirwa kuitwa nenzira yakakodzera kwazvo kuti igone kunyudzwa. Zvishoma nezvishoma tora matekinoroji matsva panguva yakakodzera; izvi zvese hazvikanganwike, zvinhu zvekudzoka pane investment uye yekugadzira kugona.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekuzvarwazve kwemuchina, ikomputa yekuverenga manhamba muchina, inopa zvimwe zvakakosha zvakakosha izvo zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyatso, ichi ndicho chinangwa chechinyorwa chino.
Anodiwa muverengi, tevera isu pa: Mhando dzemakomputa scanner.
