Kubva panguva dzekare, kutaurirana kwave chinhu chakakosha mukusimudzira kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana nzanga. Tekinoroji haina kusara. Kubva pakavambwa makomputa, kufambira mberi kwakaitwa mu kutaurirana chiteshi, ayo anobatanidza munhu nekombuta.
Kutaurirana chiteshi
Usati watsanangura kuti ndezvipi kutaurirana chiteshi, zvakakosha kuti tizive zvishoma nezvenhoroondo yayo. Sekureva kwecomputer, munhu anogona kutaura nezvezvizvarwa zvitanhatu zvemakomputa. Yekutanga yeiyi iri pakati pekupera kwema1940 nepakati pema1950. Zvisinei, pakanga pasati pari kutozosvikira makore mashoma gare gare apo kuedza chaiko kwakaitwa kwekuvandudza iko kuiswa uye kuburitswa kweruzivo. Nekuda kwekuedza uku, dzakasiyana siyana kutaurirana chiteshi.
Tsanangudzo
ari kutaurirana chiteshi ndidzo nzira, kana nzira, dzinobvumira kubatana pakati pekomputa nenyika yekunze. Kubudikidza neiyo interface, inonzi zvakare yepakati screen, komputa inogamuchira data kubva kune eperiiperi zvinhu zvinomukomberedza. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, iyi data, kana yagadziriswa, inogona kudzoreredzwa kune akati zvishandiso. Nekuda kwekupedzisa kwemaitiro aya, kutaurirana chiteshi iwo anonzi zvakare Input / Output kana Input / Output chiteshi.
Kuti izvi zvibudirire, zvese komputa uye zvinhu zvinofanirwa kunge zvakabatana. Izvi zvinoitwa kuburikidza nemadhijitari mitsara kana mapoka etambo, ayo anoumba bhazi.
Basa
Kutanga kubva kududziro, zvinogona kunzwisiswa kuti basa re kutaurirana chiteshi kushanda senzvimbo yekubatanidza, ichibvumira dhata kuyerera pakati pechigadzirwa nekombuta, kana zvinopesana.
Zviratidzo
Kubva pane tsananguro ye kutaurirana chiteshi, hunhu hunotevera hunogona kuiswa:
- Kune mhando mbiri dzekubatanidza: yechikadzi neyechirume. Hume ine mapini ayo ruzivo runofambiswa. Mukadzi haana mapini, asi maburi. Izvi zvinoenderana nenhamba yezvimakanika pini zvine chinongedzo chemurume.
- Ivo anowanikwa pane mamaboard yechero komputa.
- Ndicho chinongedzo kana mharadzano poindi neyekunze michina.
- Kuburikidza nemasaini emagetsi, vanobvumidza kuyerera kwedata kuenda uye kubva pakombuta.
- Ivo vanowanzo kuwanikwa kumashure kwekombuta. Zvisinei, nhasi, zvakajairika kuwana mamwe acho kumberi kwawo.
Pave paine akawanda kutaurirana chiteshi izvo zvave zviripo, semhedzisiro yeshanduko uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji nemagetsi. Nekudaro, parizvino, tine zvinotevera:
Serial chiteshi
Rudzi urwu rwechokubatanidza runowana zita raro munzira iyo rinofambisa nayo data: kamwe zvishoma panguva, imwe mushure meimwe. Ndokunge, kutapurirana kuri serial uye kunoitika kuburikidza neimwe chete nzira yekutaurirana. Naizvozvo, kushomeka kwayo kukuru kunonoka.
Kazhinji, pane maviri acho paboardboard, inonzi COM 1 uye COM 2. Ose ari maviri ari kumashure kwebhodhi reamai. Nekudaro, kune mamwe mabhodhi anogamuchira anopfuura maviri maviri marudzi e serial port.
Nekuda kwehukuru hwavo, pane mapfumbamwe kana makumi maviri nemapini. Rudzi rwakajairika ndeye D-sub, iyo inotakura mameseji eRS-9 kuburikidza neyakareruka wiring.
Inogamuchira kubatana kwemamodem ekunze, keyboards nemakonzo. Uye zvakare, inoshanda seadapter kuti ikwanise kutaurirana makomputa akati wandei.
yakafanana chiteshi
Sezvo zita rayo rinoreva, rinotumira ruzivo kuburikidza neyakaenzana makwara. Kana izvo zvakafanana, inoshandura mabiti akati wandei panguva imwe chete, neanopfuura tambo yekutaurirana. Ichi chimiro chinoita kuti ikurumidze kupfuura serial port.
Chiteshi chakafanana chechikadzi mhando yekubatanidza uye ine makumi maviri nemapini. Iyo iri kuseri kwekombuta, uye pane mamwe mamodheru pazasi pegomba chiteshi.
Nekuda kwekureruka kwayo, iyo printa ndiyo muenzaniso wakanyanya kukosha werudzi urwu rwekubatanidza. Muchokwadi, iyo dzimwe nguva inonzi iyo Centronic chiteshi nezita rekuti chinongedzo kudivi reprinta. Iyo zvakare inobvumidza kubatana kweiyo scanner.
Kune mamwe madoko akafanana, asingashandiswi zvakanyanya, ayo anotendera kubatana kweiyo hard disk uye CD neDVD muverengi.
USB chiteshi
Icho chiteshi chekutaurirana par kugona. Iyo zvakare inonzi chiteshi chepasirese, kuitira kwayo nyore kushandisa uye nekuti ine yakafanana mhando tambo uye chinongedzo, zvisinei nebasa rayinoita. Nekusvika kwaro, kubatana kwezvinhu zvemupendero kwakarongedzwa.
Nenzira iyi, kubva kwayakatangira, yakadzinga serial uye yakafanana ports. Inogona kubatana nechero chero mhando yekunze yekunze, senge: purinda, keyboard, mbeva, yekunze hard drive uye, nhasi, kunyangwe nhare mbozha. Iyo yekubatana ine multifunctional mhando USB zvishandiso haina kukanganisa kumhanya kwayo kana mashandiro. Muenzaniso werudzi urwu rwechigadzirwa maprinta, ayo anova ma scanner nemaphotokopi.
Inoshanda sepulagi uye kutamba, kureva kuti, iyo yakabatana peripheral inozivikanwa otomatiki kana komputa yashandurwa zvakare. Zvinoreva kuti hazvidi kuti ubatanidze uye udimbure nekudzima michina. Uku ndiko kugona kwayo kukuru pamusoro pezviteshi zvakapfuura, pamusoro pechimhanyisa icho chinofambisa nacho ruzivo.
Mukufungidzira, zvinosvika zana nemakumi maviri neshanu zvinobatana zvinoenderana nazvo, zvese zvichishanda kubva pakomputa imwechete.
Panyama, ndicho chiteshi chidiki pane kumashure kwekombuta. Icho chinongedzo chega, chine mapini mana, kunyangwe paine zvimwe zvinogona kuitirwa zvinopfuura kubatana kumwe.
PS-2 chinongedzo
Nhasi, ndiyo yekubatana kwekare kwekhibhodi uye mbeva. Iyo yekubatanidza-yekubatanidza chinongedzo, icho chinotarisirwa kuchinjwa zvachose ne USB chiteshi.
Ine mapini matanhatu uye iri kumashure kwekombuta. Kazhinji, pane mairi maviri ekubatanidza erudzi urwu, anosiyaniswa nemavara avo. Nekuda kwekugadzira zviyero, chiteshi chepepuru chinoshandiswa kune iyo keyboard uye chiteshi chegirini chegonzo.
Ose maunganidziro akafanana zvachose, dai aizochinjaniswa mukubatana kwavo, paisazove nekukuvara kumidziyo. Zvisinei, hazvikurudzirwi.
RJ-45 chinongedzo
Inozivikanwa nezita rekuti Ethernet chinobatanidza, uye kubva pakutanga yaive yakagadzirirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zve nharaunda yenzvimbo network. Parizvino, inoshandiswa kana komputa isingaenderane neasina waya manetwork, kana patinenge tisingakwanise kuwana netiweki dzeWi-Fi.
Hunhu hwayo hukuru ndewekuti iyo data inopfuudzwa kuburikidza nemhando imwechete yebhendi iyo iyo inogamuchirwa, ndiko kuti, kutapurirana kwayo ndeye baseband. Icho chibatiso chakachengeteka uye chakadzikama pane icho chinogadzirwa netambo dzecoaxial. Inopawo kuita kwakakwira kupfuura kwakawanda kubatana kweasina waya.
Iyo haina nzvimbo chaiyo mukati meiyo mamaboard. Zvisinei, zvakajairika kuti uzviwane pamusoro peRCA zvinongedzo, kumashure kwekombuta. Kazhinji, iyo mamaboard inongova neayo chete chiteshi.
RCA chinongedzo
Icho chinongedzo chakakumikidzwa kune ekunze audiovisual mhando zvishandiso. Inosanganisira maviri echirume neechikadzi anobatanidza, ayo anogona kuzivikanwa nemavara awo. Yero yeyero inoshandiswa kune vhidhiyo yakasanganiswa, iyo tsvuku yedivi rerudyi ruzha chiteshi. Mune masisitimu e stereo, ruvara rwakasviba kana chena kune yekuruboshwe nzira chiteshi. Kukanganisa kwaro kukuru ndekwekuti tambo dzakaparadzana dzinodiwa parudzi rwese rwechiratidzo chakaburitswa.
Izvi zvinobatanidza zvinowanikwa kuseri kwebhodhi reamai. Vhidhiyo iri mukadhi revhidhiyo uye odhiyo iri mune kadhi rine mutsindo.
VGA chinongedzo
Iyo yakafanana neiyo serial port, asi panzvimbo yemapini ine maburi, akarongedzwa mumitsara mitatu. Iyo yakajairwa yekutaurirana chiteshi, kuburikidza iyo iyo yekutarisa yakabatana nekombuta vhidhiyo kadhi. Iyo iripowo mumaprojekita uye yakakwira tsananguro terevhizheni.
Pamwe, kushomeka kwerutsigiro kubva kune vamwe ma processor ndosaka yakatsiviwa nemabatanidza eiyo DVI kana HDMI mhando.
Kunyangwe iri iko kuseri kwebhodhi reamai, iyo chaiyo nzvimbo inoenderana neye mamaboardboard modhi. Chakajairika ndechekuchiwana pasi peiyo serial port.
DVI chinongedzo
Yakave yakatsiva kune yeanalog technology VGA chiteshi, uye yakave yakasimudzwa neHTMLMI zvinongedzo. Inoendesa madhijitari vhidhiyo masaini pasina chero kurasikirwa kweruzivo, nekuibatanidza kune iyo yekutarisa's LCD skrini. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mufananidzo haurasikirwe nehunhu panguva yaunoburitsa. Izvi zvinogona kuve imwechete kana maviri zvinongedzo.
HDMI chinongedzo
Iyo inobvumidza iko kubatana kwedudziro yepamusoro multimedia zvishandiso, izvo zvakakonzera kuti iise zviri nyore iyo DVI chinongedzo. Muchokwadi, ine chikwereti kwayakatangira pakuonekwa kweHD uye Full-HD resolution yemifananidzo, iri nani zvakanyanya kupfuura DVI.
Inowanikwa pane mamaboardboard uye, panguva imwechete, pane iyo kadhi yemifananidzo yemakomputa.
Firewire chiteshi
Hunhu hwayo hukuru ndiko kuchinjisa iro hombe vhoriyamu yedhata kumhanya kwazvo. Iyo inobvumidza kugadzirisa kubatana uye nekukurumidza matambudziko, ichiripo mu USB 1 chiteshi.
Mavhidhiyo makamera nemidziyo yevhidhiyo zvakabatana neichi chiteshi, zvichibvumira kubatana uye kuchinjaniswa kwevhidhiyo yedhijitari. Inowanikwa pane mamaboardboard ekombuta, asi kune akati wandei mhando dzadzo, zvinoenderana nemugadziri.
IrDA chinongedzo
Chinhu chayo chikuru kugona kubatana zvisina waya. Kazhinji, inoshandiswa mumidziyo inotakurika. Yakatanga semhando yekubatanidza infrared, asi munguva pfupi yakatsiviwa nemidziyo yebluetooh. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nekushanda kwayo, zvinhu zvaidikanwa kuti zvive panzvimbo isingasviki mita imwe kubva kune imwe.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti ese ekutaurirana emachiteshi akatsanangurwa pano anoreva kune epanyama madoko. Nekudaro, izvo zvinodikanwa kutaura nezve kuvapo kweanowanikwa madoko.
Zviteshi zvechokwadi
Basa rayo rekutanga kugovana mashandisirwo enetiweki kunyorera uye masevhisi anomhanya panguva imwe chete pakombuta. Iyo inobvumidza iyo inopinda traffic yeruzivo kuburikidza nemambure, zviri nyore kune zvinoshandiswa.
Kugovera chaiko network network chiteshi kunobatsira kana komputa isina zviteshi zvehurdware, kana kana iyo yainayo isina kukwana. Kushandiswa kwaro kunoderedza huwandu hwetambo dzakabatana nekombuta.
Kamwe ruzivo rweimwe yeiyo kutaurirana chiteshi, zvinotevera zvinogona kupedzwa:
CONCLUSIONS
Mushure mekuongororwa kwezvakanyanya kukosha zvinhu, zvichireva iyo kutaurirana chiteshi, unowana zvinotevera:
- ari kutaurirana chiteshi Ndidzo nzira dzinobatanidza kusangana pakati pekombuta uye chero chero mhando yechipenga chinhu chinowanikwa. Iwo akabatanidzwa zvakanyanya anopihwa nemaprinta, keyboard, mbeva, modem yekunze, pakati pevamwe.
- Serial chiteshi chengetedza yakaderera-mhanya kubatana kune ekunze maprinta uye modem.
- Parallel ports, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, bvumira kubatana pakati pezvakawanda zvigadzirwa panguva imwe chete. Pano iwe unogona kuona kuti sei batanidza mamonitor maviri kune laptop
- Iwo ma USB ports ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa uye anokurumidza kubatana, achibvumira panguva imwe chete kubatana kwe 127 zvishandiso.
- Iwo maPS-2 madoko ndiwo quintessential zvinongedzo zvekubatanidza makhibhodi uye mbeva.
- Iyo RJ-45 chinongedzo chakasarudzika chekubatana kwenzvimbo dzeInternet network.
- Iyo RCA chinongedzo chakagadzirwa kuti chibatanidze nemateereri ekuona.
- Iyo VGA chinongedzo chinobatanidza iyo yemakomputa kadhi yemifananidzo kune iyo yekutarisa.
- Iyo DVI yekubatanidza inobvumira iyo mhando yemhando kuti ishandiswe kune iyo yakanyanya.
- Iyo HDMI chinongedzo chinoreva kududziro yepamusoro vhidhiyo uye odhiyo kufambisa.
- Chiteshi cheFirewire chinotendera kubatana kwemavhidhiyo zvigadzirwa kukombuta.
- Iyo irDA yekubatanidza, parizvino isiri kushandiswa, inoshandiswa kune infrared kutaurirana.
Chekupedzisira, isu tinopa mamwe mazano kuti tiwedzere kushandiswa kweiyo kutaurirana chiteshi.
Mazano
- Zvizhinji zve kutaurirana chiteshi ndezvekushandisa zvakapfava. Naizvozvo, kunyatsotarisirwa kunofanirwa kutorwa kana uchivabatanidza kuti varege kukuvadza mapini.
- Tisati tasanganisa madoko kune komputa, tinofanirwa kutarisa kuti haina kupihwa simba.
- Kuti uve nechokwadi chekukurumidza kumhanya mukushanda kwezviteshi, senge USB, zvinokurudzirwa kuita zvenguva nenguva kugadzirisa.
- Kana isu tisingazive iyo yakakosha tekinoroji uye mashandiro enhoroondo yechero ipi yeiyo kutaurirana chiteshi. Usati wafunga nezve kutenga kwako, zviri nani kutsvaga rubatsiro rwakakosha.