Kune avo vanoshamisika kuti shanduko idzi ndedzei. Vamwe vanotovatya. Nekudaro, kana zvasvika kune tekinoroji, zvinogara zvichidikanwa. Kutsvaga kusingaperi kwekuvandudza mukushanda kweiyo mamaboardboard zvinhu yekomputa, muenzaniso wacho.
Mamaboardboard zvinhu: pfungwa
Kufanana nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda mu tech nyika, iyo mamaboard inoenda nemazita akasiyana siyana. Nenzira yekuti chikamu chekomputa ichi chinowanzodaidzwa kunzi: mamaboardboard, logic board kana system system. Pakupedzisira, ndiye akanyanya kukosha chikamu checomputer, sezvo ari iye anobatanidza zvese zvinhu uye osimbisa kutaurirana pakati pavo.
Iyo ipapoka rectangular sandara ndiro ine akasiyana akakosha zvinhu aripo, akadai se:
- Iyo microprocessor, yakasungirirwa mune chinhu chinonzi socket.
- Ndangariro, kazhinji iri muchimiro chemamojuru.
- Iyo yekuwedzera slots uko makadhi akabatana.
- Yakasiyana-siyana yekudzora machipisi.
Gare gare, isu tichataura zvakadzama nezve chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi. Parizvino, isu tichaenda kumisikidza iyo mikuru mhando yemamaboardboard aripo, uye anga aripo.
Mhando huru
Kwemakore, ivo vanogadzira zvikamu zveiyo mamaboardboard vanga vachimisikidza zviyero, maererano nemaumbirwo uye kurongeka kwezvinhu, zvichidaro kudzikisa kudyara kana mari uye kufambisa kuchinjanisa kwavo. Zvichienderana nematanho aya, aya anotevera mamaboard emamai akabuda:
Mucheche-AT
Ndiwo muyero wekare wakachengetedzwa kwemakore, kubva pairi 286 modhi kusvika kuPentium yekutanga, pakati pa1996. Chokwadi ichi, pamwe chete nekureruka kwazvaive kutsiva mamaboard erudzi urwu, zvakaita kuti ive fomu yekutanga kukwidziridzwa munhoroondo.
Nekudaro, nekubuda kwemakadhi anonzwika, maCD-ROM nezvimwe zvinhu zvekunze, hutera hwavo hwakazozivikanwa, senge: kutenderera kwemhepo kwakashata mumabhokisi netambo dzakawandisa dzekushanda kwavo. Zvinhu zvakakurumidza kubuda kwayo kubva mumusika.
LPX
Iyo yakajairika dhizaini yemakomputa emakomputa ane rakamanikana bhokisi, rakaenzana saizi neBaby-AT, rakagadzirwa mukupera kwa1986.Rakave nebudiriro yakakosha nekuda kwemutengo wakaderera wainomiririra kune mamwe makambani, asi panguva imwechete yakaratidza zvakateedzana zvakashata izvo zvakaita kuti iwire mukusashandiswa.
Kutanga, fomati yakatarwa haina kumbobvira yazara pachena, icho chaive chipingaidzo pakuvandudza izvo zvinhu. Uye zvakare, iwo akasiyana mamodeli eLPX mabhodhi anga asingaenderane nemumwe, zvichiita kuti zvikone kuchinjana pakati pawo. Chekupedzisira, nekuda kwenzvimbo yekadhi pakati pebhodhi, kupisa kupisa kwakange kwakaoma. Chokwadi icho chakasimbiswa muna 1997, zvichikonzera kudonha kwacho chaiko.
ATX
Iyo ndiyo yakajairwa par kugona. Yakazvarwa muna 1995, ichimiririra kuvandudzika kukuru pamusoro pemhando mbiri dzakapfuura, kunyanya maererano nehurongwa hwekufefetedza uye kuderera kwehuwandu hwetambo mukati mayo. Uye zvakare, mugadziri wayo akaburitsa zvakatemwa zvemafomati, izvo zvakakonzera kuti zvipararire nekukurumidza uye ive fomati inozivikanwa kwazvo kusvika nhasi.
Parizvino, mazhinji ebhenefiti ayo anochengetedzwa, senge: kutamiswazve mukati maro ezvinhu zvakaita seCPU, ndangariro uye zvemukati zvinobatanidza. Zvakare nekuvandudzwa kweiyo inotonhora system, kunze kwemutengo wakaderera wemugadziri.
Dhizaini dhizaini
Iwo mahwendefa ehukuru hwakasiyana uye maumbirwo, akagadzirwa nevakuru makomputa vagadziri, kunyanya nekuti iwo marongero aripo haatenderane nezvavanoda. Naizvozvo, iwo akasarudzika mamodheru, ndewemumwe mugadziri. Izvo hazvishandiswe zvakanyanya nekuti mafomati maratidziro haasi eruzhinji, uye mahwendefa eiyo yakafanana modhi, asi kubva kune akasiyana vagadziri, haapindirane.
Iwo mamodheru echinyakare (apfuura kune iyo ATX modhi), aishandiswa neyakatanga michina yemakomputa. Iwo aive akakura muhukuru uye aive mune shongwe yemakomputa. Ivo vaida nzvimbo yakatanhamara yekugarisa makadhi echishandiso, senge mavhidhiyo, floppy diski macontrol, hard disk controller, serial uye yakafanana mapareti. Sezvo huwandu hwemabhodhi akabatanidzwa hwakawedzera, kuvimbika kwegungano kwakadzikira. Iyo yekumhanyisa kumhanya kweiyo CPU yaive kusvika ku10 MHz.Vanga vaine imwechete yekunze yekubatanidza, iyo yekhibhodi, mhando DIN. Vakanga vaine mameseji enharaunda asina mifananidzo.
Pane kupokana, yazvino ATX modhi inosanganisa ekunze madoko uye inogadzira kuiswa kwekhibhodi, mbeva, yakafanana port, chiteshi chengarava uye USB madoko mune angangove ese emamaboardboard. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, inosanganisira kuiswa kwema network port, kurira uye kunyangwe vhidhiyo. Kubatanidzwa kukuru uye kudzikiswa kwemakanika kubatana kunowedzera kuvimbika kwegungano. Kazhinji, inopa yemhando yepamusoro magetsi nemikana yakakura.
Tsananguro
Pakati pezvakakosha zvekombodhi mamaboard ndeaya:
- Iyo rectangular ndiro yakagadzirwa nesemiconductor zvinhu (synthetic), pane pane rakadhindwa yemagetsi wedunhu.
- Hukuru hwayo hunosiyana, asi inowanzo kuve chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa kwazvo zvebhodhi reamai mukati meshongwe yekombuta.
- Iyo yakagadzirirwa kuve nekukwanisa kuwedzera mitsva yekuwedzera uye makadhi ekuwedzera, senge magirafu, ruzha uye network makadhi.
- PC chinhu chinobatanidza chakamisikidzwa uye chakanyatsotsanangurwa. Zvekuti chero mugadziri anogona kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvekubatanidza kune mamaboard inosangana nematanho iwayo.
- Iko kusanganisa kwezwi uye vhidhiyo kadhi mukati meiyo mamaboard piritsi kana laptop, zvinodzivirira izvi zvinhu kubva kuvandudzwa.
- Iyo ine akateedzana ekubatanidza ayo anotarisana nekunze kweshongwe, uye iyo inobvumidza kuchinjaniswa kweruzivo nezvimwe zvinhu zvinobatana nyore uye zvakatemwa, kusanganisira iyo PS / 2 chiteshi, USB chiteshi uye network chiteshi.
- Ruzivo harufambiswe netambo, asi nemabhazi (akakosha tambo), izvo zvinokonzeresa kushomeka kweruzivo.
- Zvichienderana nenhamba yeslots inowanika pane mamaboardboard, yakawanda kana shoma ndangariro inogona kuiswa mukombuta.
- Nekudaro, iyo nhamba yekuwedzeredza slots yekushandisa inoenderana nenhamba yezvibatanidza zviripo pakadhi. Zvakare nemhando yebhazi inobatwa.
- Izvo hazvina kukosha chete kuti uzive maratidziro ezvinhu zvinofanirwa kuiswa. Izvo zvakare zvinodiwa kuti uongorore mune zvakatemwa zvemhando yeprosesa yatiri kuzowana. Nenzira iyi, isu tinodzivirira kusapindirana neyekushandisa system.
- Kuti mamaboardboard ndeyechimwe chikamu kana chimwe hachichinje, zvirinani mune dzidziso, mukuita kwemabasa ayo, kana nemhando yayo.
- Iyo inotonhorera sisitimu yemaboardboard inokanganisa mashandiro eiyo Hardware yakaiswa pairi.
- Kunyangwe iyo mamaboard ePC inobvumidza kuiswa kwezvinhu zvitsva, mune mamaboardboard yeiyo laptop chinhu choga chinogona kutsiviwa kana kuvandudzwa ndeye RAM ndangariro.
Zvino, tichiziva hunhu hukuru hwecomputer mamaboardboard, isu tichaenderera tichinyatso tsvaga mune yega yega yezvikamu izvo zvinoumba zvakasiyana.
Elements
Pasina kuve nechakakosha chikonzero chekutanga rondedzero yeiyo mamaboardboard zvinhu kune imwe kana imwe yacho zvakananga, tichazviita nenzira inotevera:
Socket yeiyo microprocessor
Element inotengeswa kubhodhi reamai, mukati iro iri microprocessor. Iyo microprocessor chinhu chemagetsi, chip mhando, iyo ine mazana ema transistors mukati mayo, ayo kana akasanganiswa anobvumira chip kuti iite basa rayo. Nekuda kwekukosha kwebasa rayo, zvakajairika kuti microprocessor huropi hwecomputer.
Chengetedza chipset
Seizvo zita rayo rinoratidza, iboka kana seti yemachipisi, inoona nezvekugadzirisa kudyidzana pakati pe microprocessor uye ndangariro kana cache, uye pakati pe microprocessor neiyo port control. Izvo zvinoita, saka, semutongi wekutamisa ruzivo.
Nekuda kwemutemo wakataurwa, kuita kwepasi kana kwakakwirira kweiyo microprocessor kunowanikwa, zvine chekuita nekurangarira uye mashandiro ezvipenga zvinhu.
North Bridge
Icho chikamu chekutonga chipset. Basa rayo guru nderekuchinjana data pakati pe microprocessor, iyo RAM uye kadhi remifananidzo.
Iyo iri pakati peiyo CPU ne RAM, mukati me microprocessor. Nekuda kwekumhanya-mhanya basa kwainoita neiyo RAM, inomanikidzwa kubvisa kupisa, nekubatanidza iyo radiator.
Maodzanyemba Bridge (Southbridge)
Ndicho chimwe chikamu chinopa chipset yekudzora. Kusiyana nemusuwo wekuchamhembe, iro rinotungamira kubatana pakati pemidziyo yezvinhu uye zvinhu zvekuchengetedza zvemakomputa.
Basa rayo guru ndere kupa chipset, mabhazi uye zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza, pakati pevamwe, Panyama, iri pakati peiyo CPU nenzvimbo dzekuwedzera.
BIOS ndangariro (Yekutanga Kuisa / Kuburitsa Sisitimu)
Ndiyo chirongwa chekutanga kumhanya pakombuta. Inotarisa pane yakaderera-nhanho maitiro, ayo anotendera iwo kuti abviswe kuburikidza neanoshanda system. Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwekushanda, ndeye yekuverenga-chete ndangariro, kureva kuti, hazvitsamire pane chero chishandiso chakaiswa pakombuta.
Imwe yemabasa ayo akakosha kugona kuisa nyowani yekushandisa system pakombuta. Zvakare, gadzirisa imwe yakakuvara.
CMOS ndangariro (RAM CMOS)
Chip, bhatiri mhando, inoshandiswa kuchengetedza rese data rePC kumisikidzwa, pamwe nezuva uye nguva. Iyo inobvumira kuti kana iyo PC yadzimwa, iyo data uye parameter iyo yaive yatosimbiswa, uye kuti inoda kushanda, haina kurasikirwa. Rudzi urwu rwebhatiri rinochinjisa rwoga pese panotenderedzwa komputa. Kuderera kwebhatiri kunokonzera wachi / karenda mismatch uye kurasikirwa kwezvakanyorwa Setup parameter.
Cache
Iyo ndiyo yekumhanyisa ndangariro mukati mevaya vese vanogadzira iyo mamaboard. Nenzira iyi, inogadzirisa mashandiro emakomputa mukutsvaga irwo ruzivo rwunonyanya kushandiswa. Inotariswa sezambuko pakati pe microprocessor uye yakakosha memory RAM.
Kana iri nzvimbo yayo chaiyo, zvinoenderana nemugadziri. Mune zvimwe zviitiko inogona kuoneswa ichitengeswa kubhodhi reamai kana pasokisi, uye mune dzimwe nguva inogona kuwanikwa mukati me microprocessor.
RAM kana main memory slots
Kuiswa muzvikwata zvemachipisi akati wandei uko kwakabatana mamojuru ekurangarira emakomputa, ayo anoshanda senzvimbo yekuchengetedza dhata rine simba, nenzira yekuti haidi kuti riwanikwe kubva padhisiki rakaomarara. Nekufamba kwenguva, aya ma module akasiyana muhukuru, kugona uye nzira yekubatanidza, kubvisa matambudziko ekuwedzera ndangariro uye nzvimbo mukati meya mamaboard ayo akaunzwa munguva dzekare.
Kuwedzera slots
Slots panowanikwa chero mhando yekuwedzera kadhi, kunyangwe iri vhidhiyo, ruzha kana network makadhi. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kushanda senzira yekuwedzera zvimwe zvikamu kune komputa. Mazhinji acho akaenzana, asi kune mamwe akasarudzika kune vanogadzira. Iwo makuru ekuwedzera nzvimbo dzakatumidzwa pazasi, zvinoenderana nechitarisiko chavo pamusika:
- ISA: Zvakwana kubatanidza modem kana kadhi rezwi, asi kwete kadhi revhidhiyo. Ine yakakwirira kugarisana
- Micro Channel MCA: Yakabuda ichitsvaga kugadzirisa kusakwana kweIRA, uye yakaguma isingawirirane nayo. Izvo hazvina kubudirira.
- EISA: Yakagadzirwa kuzadza iyo MCA gap. Yakanga iine kuderedzwa kwechokwadi uye yaingove yakabatanidzwa nezvikwata zveimwe nhanho. Idzo tsananguro dzaive dzisiri zveruzhinji.
- Vesa Yemunharaunda Bhazi: Yaive yekukurumidza vhezheni yeISA. Yakashaiwa zvakanakira MCA neEISA (software yekumisikidza uye bhazi kugona). Yakapa mukana wakanangana neyekuyeuka, pakumhanya kweprosesa. Yakanyangarika nekusvika kwePentium processor.
- PCMCIA: Vakashaiwa maslots uye vaimiririra memori makadhi, akasarudzika kune ega ega mugadziri. Yakaderera kudyiwa, kunyanya kune green maPC.
- PCI / PCI-64: Zvakwana kuwedzera akasiyana emukati zvinhu, kunze kwemamwe makadhi evhidhiyo. Ivo vakaparadzaniswa neiyo system bhazi, asi vane mukana wekurangarira. Bhiriji rinoshandiswa kutaura neCUU. Bvumira kukanganiswa kwakagovaniswa. Yakave yakarebesa kusvika nhasi. Iri kutsiviwa nePCI Express.
- Mini PCI: Icho chinogadziriswa chePCI chemalaptop kana yemamaboardboard madiki. Mienzaniso yerudzi rwekadhi iyi inosanganisira: Wi-Fi, modem, SCSI uye vatongi veSATA.
- AGP: Inoshandiswa semubatsiri kune iyo PCI slots, nekuti ivo vanongoshanda kubatanidza 3D vhidhiyo makadhi. Yakagadzirwa kuti iwedzere iyo nhanho yekuchinjisa kune iyo graph subsystem. Yaive neyavo data bhazi.
- AMR: Inoshandiswa chete neaya anonzi softmodems, kudzikisa mutengo nekubvisa zvimwe zvinhu. Yakaburitswa muna 1998 yezvinhu zvekuteerera zvakaita semakadhi ezwi kana modemu. Icho chikamu cheiyo AC97 odhiyo standard, ichiri kushanda nhasi. Yakagadzirirwa michina isingadhuri uye yekutaurirana, sezvo izvi zvaizoshandisa michina zviwanikwa senge microprocessor uye RAM. Yakanga iine budiriro diki kubva payakatangwa panguva iyo simba remuchina waive usina kukwana kutsigira mutoro uyu. Yakanyangarika mumabhodhi emama ePentium IV uye kubva ku AMD muSocket A.
- CNR: Zvakafanana neAMR slots, asi nekushanduka kukuru. Yakasimuka kumidziyo yekutaurirana yakadai semamodemu, Lan kana makadhi eUSB. Muna 2000 yakaunzwa paPentium processor board. Yakanga iri dhizaini yezvivakwa saka haina kuwedzera kupfuura mabhodhi aisanganisira machipisi ekambani yekugadzira. Iyo yakatambura nematambudziko akafanana ezvekushandisa semidziyo yakagadzirirwa AMR slot. Izvo hazvisi parizvino kuverengerwa pane mamaboard.
- PCI Express slots: Shanduko yeAGP slots. Kubatsira kwayo kukuru ndekwekuti chero yemhando dzayo dzinogona kuchinjaniswa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemakadhi. Mabhodhi azvino anowanzo kuve neanogona kuita macomputer ePC anoshandisa iyo AGP slot yevhidhiyo.
Magetsi chinongedzo
Iyo inoshandiswa kubatanidza tambo dzinozopa iro rakaringana simba kune iro mamaboardboard, kuburikidza nesosi. Pamabhodhi eATX, pane imwe chete.
Yemukati yekubatanidza
Zvinobatanidza zvemidziyo yemukati, senge: hard disk, iyo CD-ROM kana mutauri wemukati.
- Kubatana kwesimba: Inotarisirwa kuunza simba kubhodhi reamai kubva pasimba remagetsi.
- Zvinobuda mu fan: Basa rayo guru ndere kudzikamisa huwandu hwekupisa hunogadzirwa neyekumhanya kwazvo iyo microprocessors inoshanda nayo.
- EIDE kana FDD zviteshi: Mumakomputa ekare, kubatana kwemadhiraivhi akaomarara uye mafiroppy anotyaira paari. Nekudaro, mumakomputa ezuva ranhasi, izvi zvakaiswa mune chipset yekombuta. Iwo EIDE madoko ane basa rekubatanidza madhiraivhi akaomarara uye anotyaira madhiraivha, senge maCD nemaDVD, nepo zviteshi zveFDD zvichiita zvakafanana nefloppy disks. Iyo yekupedzisira yatove mukusashandiswa zvachose.
- SATA zviteshi: Zvinomiririra nyowani yekutaurirana tekinoroji yezvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza, izvo zvinovandudza mashandiro maererano nebandwidth.
- Kumberi kubatana: Sekureva kwezita, iwo akabatanidzwa ari kumberi kwekombuta.
- Simba On: Kubatana kweye kutanga / kumira bhatani.
- Simba Rakatungamirwa: Chiratidziro chemidziyo iriko, chinobatanidza kune LED.
- HD LED: Led iyo inoratidza yakaoma dhisiki chiitiko.
- Dzorerazve: Inobatanidza kumberi bhatani bhatani kana bhokisi riisanganisira. Tangazve kombiyuta.
- Mutauri: Inogadzira mamodhi uye mamiriro ekudzora. Izvo zvakasiyana neyekuburitsa odhiyo yemidziyo.
- KeyLock: Kuvhara michina, inobvumira kukiya iyo keyboard. Zvekushandisa zvishoma mumabhokisi achangobva kuitika.
- Jumpers uye switch: Inotarisira kugadzirisa komputa Hardware sarudzo.
- Jumpers inowanzo kurapwa seyakavhurika uye yakavharwa (yakavhurika uye yakavharwa).
- Iyo yekumisikidza-switch inobatwa senge pa / off. Iyo. PA chinzvimbo chinowanzo kuratidzwa pane yechinhu chesilika sikirini.
Zvekunze zvinongedzo
Zvekare zvinongedzo zvezvipenga zvezvinhu, senge: keyboard, mbeva, purinda, pakati pevamwe. Zvishoma nezvishoma ivo vakatsiviwa nemamwe marudzi ekubatanidza, zviri nyore kubatanidza uye kutsemura. Pakati pezvakakosha zvekunze zvinongedzo ndeizvi:
- PS / 2 keyboard uye mbeva zvinobatanidza: Nekuda kwekukwira kwemifananidzo yekushandisa, kushandiswa kwegonzo pamwe chete nekhibhodi kwakapararira. Iyo mbeva yakamira kubatanidza kuburikidza neiyo serial chiteshi uye ndokutanga kushandisa yakasarudzika serial kubatana, yakafanana neiyo yekhibhodi (iyo PS / 2 yekubatanidza). PS / 2 keyboard uye mbeva kubatanidza zviripo pane ese mamaboardboard kuburikidza maviri Mini-DIN zvinongedzo. Kusiyanisa imwe kubva kune imwe, ivo vane mavara akasiyana, yepepuru ichichengeterwa iyo keyboard uye green kune iyo mbeva. Kana zvikashandurwa nekukanganisa, hapana dambudziko rekuparara nekuti mapini anowirirana, kunyangwe mashandiro aisazove sezvaidiwa.
- USB bhazi: Nekukura kwehuwandu hwezvipenga zvinoshandiswa kumidziyo yemakomputa, kudiwa kwekubatanidza inopfuura imwe kune imwechete yepakati system kwakagadzirwa. Iyo USB yekubatanidza inoita daisy-kusunga kweanosvika 127 zvishandiso zvinogoneka. Pamusoro peizvi, kubatana uku kunokurumidza uye kunogona kuitwa ipapo ipapo. Iyo yekushandisa sisitimu inoziva iyo USB yekubatanidza, asi inoda kuve neakakodzera madhiraivha. Ese mamabhodhi emazuva ano anosanganisira USB kubatana. Parizvino, mamwe mapuratifomu anongoshandisa USB zvinongedzo zve keyboard uye mbeva.
- FireWire Bhazi: Inogadzira dhijitari vhidhiyo yekubatanidza, uchishandisa vhidhiyo makamera uye vhidhiyo michina zvakajairika. Iyo inobvumidza kuchinjisa iro hombe vhoriyamu yeruzivo, nekumhanya kwazvo.
- Ethernet Network Kubatana: Neiri kuwedzera Internet kubatana, kunyangwe mumakomputa epamba, kubatana uku kunobatsira, nekuti mudzimba zhinji ino sevhisi inoitwa neADSL mairaira ayo anosanganisira kubatana kweEthernet. Nenzira yekuti mabhodhi mazhinji emamai anoisanganisa. Iyo michina inowanzo sanganisira imwechete yekubatanidza / kadhi, asi mune dzimwe nguva zvinokwanisika kuwana michina ine inopfuura kamwe kubatana kweiyi mhando. Izvi zvinoitika kunyanya mumaseva makomputa ayo ari kuzoshandisa network zvakanyanya mumaapplication avo.
- Serial uye parallel ports: Aya mahukama anogona kunge ari echinyakare emakomputa anhasi. Inhaka kubva kumasystem apfuura, iwo mashoma uye mashoma anoshandiswa. Pakutanga, serial madoko aishandiswa kubatanidza mbeva, modemu, scanner, nezvimwe. Parizvino yakadzoserwa kumashandisirwo ehunyanzvi (zvemagetsi, kumisikidzwa kwemidziyo, indasitiri, nezvimwewo). Iyo yakafanana chiteshi yakashandiswa zvakaringana kushomeka kubatanidza, kunyangwe yave ichishandiswawo yekubatanidza kune scanner uye mamwe mimwe michina. Iko kushandiswa kwezviteshi zviviri kuri kutsiviwa iyo USB. Muchokwadi, mazhinji uye mazhinji malaptops haasi kuvasanganisa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko ivo vanotsigirwa neaboardboard kunyangwe ivo vasina chekunze chinobatanidza.
- Ruzha uye Gamepad: Izvo zviri kuwedzera zvakajairika kuti mamaboard kuisa iyo Hardware iyo inogonesa iyo system kugadzira uye kugamuchira (digitize) manzwi.
- Ruzha: Inoreva kubatana kurira, zvese zvakajairika, senge mahedhifoni uye maikorofoni. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinozivikanwa nemavara akasiyana kuita kuti vashandise. Nhasi zvimwe zvabuda zvedhiyo zvinogona kugadziridzwa sezvinobuditswa nedhijitari kuitira kuti tikwanise kutora mukana wezvakakosha maficha. Iwe unogona zvakare kuwana zvinobuda zverudzi SP / DIF (dhijitari odhiyo), Optical uye yakakomberedza masystem.
- Gamepad kana Joystick ndeye yekare kubatana kwePC yemitambo. Iyo yakagadzirirwa seanalogog nzvimbo yekuisa. Iyo isingawanzo kushandiswa nhasi, sezvo akawanda mapapadhi emitambo akaomarara uye anoshandisa USB kubatana.
- Vhidhiyo / TV: Inoreva zvinongedzo, zvese zviri zviviri analog uye nedhijitari, izvo zvinobvumidza kuona zvemukati paterevhizheni, senge: terevhizheni chiteshi kana vhidhiyo inogadzirwa uye vhidhiyo consoles.
- SCSI (yepamusoro-kumagumo): Rudzi urwu rwekubatanidza kwekunze runogona kuwanikwa, pamusoro pezvose, pane mama-anotungamirwa mamaboard. Mune zviitiko izvi, iyo mamaboard ine ine SCSI chinongedzo chemidziyo yekunze, kuwedzera kune yemukati yekubatanidza.
- Kumisikidza / Kudzosera kumashure: Kuderedzwa kwemidziyo kwakatungamira mukubviswa kwemachiteshi asingashandisi uye madhiraivhi echinyakare. Nekudaro, semhinduro, malaptop akapihwa chinongedzo, icho chinobvumidza kubatana kune imwe unit inonzi docking station, iyo inosanganisa izvi zvekuwedzera. Iyi yekubatanidza inonzi inonzi docking connector (ports).
Maitiro ekusarudza mamaboard emakomputa
Sezvataona, mamaboardboard ndiyo yakakosha chikamu checomputer, sezvo processor, nhamba uye mhando yemidziyo inosunganidzwa uye, chokwadika, kuita kwese kwehurongwa kunoenderana nazvo. Nehurombo, vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti ndiyo processor inogadzirisa mashandiro ese epacomputer, uye saka vanoshandisa imwe nguva vachifunga nezvekutenga komputa nyowani.
Nekudaro, pano muzvinhu zveiyo mamaboard isu tichanongedzera kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zvakakosha zvinofanirwa kutariswa kuti tisarudze mamaboard modhi inonyatsoenderana nezvatinoda, kana izvo zvatiri isu zvichinyanya kukwidziridzwa, zvakakwana uye zvinoshanda system inogoneka.
Kukosha kwezviyero
Pasina kupokana, zviyero chimwe chezvinhu zvekutanga kutarisa. Kune hukuru hwakasiyana uye, zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemakomputa atinoda, izere-saizi (ATX), yepakati-saizi (micro ATX) kana yakaderedzwa-saizi (mini ATX) fomu chinhu chinonyanya kukodzera. Isu tinofanirwa kufunga nezve imwecheteyo nzira yesarudzo yezvimwe zvinhu, sebhokisi rePC kana iyo RAM.
Iyo fomati pakati pezvinhu zveiyo mamaboardboard inosarudza saizi yenyaya yePC, uye huwandu hwenzvimbo uye nzvimbo dzekuwedzera dzekubatanidza dzinogona kuverengerwa pane. Yakakura iyo mamaboardboard, iyo yakakura mukana wekubatanidza uye nekuwedzera izvo zvinobatanidza. Zvakare, iyo diki tsoka, inowedzera kudiwa kwekudzikisira-chimiro uye kupisa kupisa mhinduro.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha isoketi. Izvi zvinomiririra nzvimbo inogarwa neprosesa pabhodhi reamai uye, nekudaro, iri padyo neicho chip chinosarudzwa. Sarudzo yezvose zvinokanganisa kuenderana kwezvinhu zvese.
Kune iro chikamu, mhando yemaseketi ine chekuita nekushandisa kuri kuzopihwa kubhodhi reamai, uye hatifanire kukanganwa kuti, mukuwedzera, inowirirana zvakananga nemutengo.
Sarudzo ye chipset
Kana iyo mamaboard iri moyo wekomputa, iwe unofanirwa kufunga kuti chipset ndiwo moyo pakati pezvinhu zveboardboard. Naizvozvo, sarudzo yako inokanganisa mashandiro ayo uye, nekudaro, iyo yesisitimu yese. Tisati tafunga pane imwe chipset, isu tinofanirwa kunge takasarudza mashandisiro atichaita PC.
Kufunga nezve imwechete kana maviri makadhi emifananidzo zvakare akakosha pakuita kwekombuta. Haasi ese emamaboardboard anotsigira kuiswa panguva imwe chete kwemaviri kana anopfuura makadhi emifananidzo. Panyaya iyi, zvakare, tinofanirwa kujekesa nezvekushandisa kwatichazopa PC yedu.
Kune rimwe divi, kuti yedu mamaboard ine nhamba uye mhando yekubatana kwatinoda, zvinovimbisa kuti isu tinogona kuve nezvose zvinongedzo zvatinoda, senge odhiyo nemavhidhiyo zvinongedzo. Nenzira imwecheteyo, isu tinofanirwa kuona kuti yakabatanidza kubatika kweWi-Fi uye bluetooth, pakati pevamwe.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvinoenderana nemugadziri, isu tichawana mamaboard ekuvandudza pamwe nemamwe mabasa asina mamwe mamodheru. Iyi ndiyo nyaya yeiyo nyowani M.2 yekubatanidza, iyo inobvumidza kuiswa kweinotevera-chizvarwa solid-state disks (SSD), epamusoro-mhando makadhi eruzha akabatanidzwa mubhodhi reamai, overuls masisitimu ekuwedzera mashandiro ekombuta, uye zvimwe zvinhu. zvehukuru hukuru.
Isu tinofanirwa zvakare kusarudza yakanaka kutonhora sisitimu, ingave yekungoita (isina mafeni), ine fan kana ine mvura inotonhorera combo. Kupusa kutonhora kazhinji ndiko kuchenjera. Unogona kudoma chinyorwa mhando yemabhazi mukomputa.
