Uri kudzidza nezve mamaneja edhatabhesi? Pakadaro, iwe unofanirwa kuzvizivisa iwe nezve iyo mhando dzedata muMySQL, imwe yeakanakisa uye anonyanya kushandiswa pasi rose. Usapotsa mukana !.
Dhata mhando muMySQL
Nguva dzese dzatinoda kugadzira tafura inogona kushandiswa kuchengetedza dhata rechikumbiro, isu tinofanirwa kuziva nzira yekuziva kuti ndeipi mhando yedata inotibatsira kuchengetedza zvirinani zvese zvatinoda kuti tigare. Tinogona kusarudza pakati pezvitatu: data nhamba, tambo (alphanumeric), nemisi nenguva.
Muminda iyi yematafura eMYSSQL isu tine mukana wekusarudza pakati pemhando nhatu dzezviri mukati, uye kunyangwe zvichiratidzika kunge zviri pachena, sarudza kwekutumira data redu, kurudzi rupi rweboka rinochengeterwa, pano tine muenzaniso wekuzviisa pachedu. muchirevo: hongu tinoda munda watinogona kuchengeta zera remunhu, ipapo ichave iri nhamba yedhata munda.
Asi ndisati ndaenderera nekutsanangura, iwe unoziva kuti chii MySQL? Iyo inozivikanwa seimwe yeanonyanyo shandiswa akavhurwa sosi dhatabhesi maneja mupasi. Saka kuti tikwanise kuve neruzivo rwekuti yakakurumbira sei, isu tinokuudza kuti: WordPress ndiye maneja wemhando dzakasiyana dzezviri mukati, izvo zvave zviriko kubvira 2003, uye izvo zvakatenderedza 55% kusvika 60% yemapeji ewebhu ayo exist, inoitwa nekutenda kune izvi, uye inoshandisa MySQL sedhatabhesi, saka izvi zvinoratidza kuti inogona kubatsira sei uye chiyero chainacho.
MySQL ndeyekambani yeOracle Corporation, avo vaitarisira kuitenga muna 2010. Uyu maneja ane mashandisiro akawanda, akadai se: maitiro, kuita mashandiro, kugadzirisa mapeji ewebhu, kuverenga data, pakati pevamwe.
Uyu mutyairi anogona kutorwa nyore nyore uye ane akati wandei maBhaibheri zvichienderana neWindows yauri kushandisa, nenzira imwecheteyo, zviri nyore kwazvo kuiisa.
Ruzhinji rwevatyairi ve database rinoshandiswa kuburikidza nemutauro wechirongwa. Ngatitii semuenzaniso, ruzivo rwatinarwo pamakomputa edu runowanikwa mudatabhesi, asi patinoda kuti tione nekurishandisa, rinoshandisa mutauro wechirongwa; Muchiitiko cheMySQL, inoperekedzwa ne php, inozivikanwa semutauro wekuvandudza webhu, zvakafanana neiyo WordPress inogadzirwa.
Isu tinofungidzira kuti isu tinogona kukurudzira, nekukurumidza, kurodha pasi XAMPP chishandiso, icho chinowanikwa kune akasiyana mavhezheni eWindows. XAMPP inouya neruzhinji rwezvinhu, pakati pavo tine:
- Apache: Iyi ingave iri sevha yewebhu.
- PHP: Mutauro wekuvandudza webhu.
- Fillezilla: Ari pamusoro pekuunganidza mafaira.
- Mercury: Ndiyo mail server, iyo ine chinangwa chekuita bvunzo.
- MySQL: Sezvatakambotaura, ndiyo dhatabhesi dhatabhesi.
Mushure mekuisa XAMPP, iwe unozogona kunakidzwa nezvose izvi zvinhu, kusanganisira MySQL, iyo iwe yaunogona kutanga zvakananga uye kubatanidza kune graphical interface, ndosaka XAMPP inobatsira zvakanyanya, mukuwedzera pakuve nezvimwe zvinhu.
Tine zvese izvi zvakajeka, taida kutsanangura kuti mukati medu sarudzo dzemhando dzematafura ekuchengetera data redu, uye tichitaura nezvenhamba yedata renhamba, mukati meichi isu tine mamwe marudzi, uye isu tinofanirwa kuziva kuti ndeipi iri nani, tipe mukana wekuti tidye mashoma epanyama nzvimbo yekuchengetera uye ichatipa mukana we data ratiri kutarisira kuchengeta mundima iyoyo. Nzira chete yekunzwisisa iyi mibvunzo ndeye dzakasiyana mhando dzedata dzatinopihwa neMySQL, pazasi tichave tichipa ruzivo irworwo kuti tinzwisise mashandisirwo akakodzera eboka rega rega.
Tinokukoka iwe kuti uone yakasimba kosi pamhando dzedata muMySQL uye zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezvazvo, muvhidhiyo iri pazasi Usatadza mukana wekudzidza!:
Nhamba dzenhamba
Musiyano watingawana pakati peimwe mhando yedata uye imwe muMySQL ingori mhando yemitengo iyo inogona kuve nayo. Pakati pehuwandu hwenhamba isu tinofanirwa kuona kuti tinogona kusiyanisa matavi maviri mahombe: manhamba uye madhimoni; Zvino, tinoda kutsanangura mhando dzedhata dzenhamba dzatinogona kuva maringe nemamiriro ezvinhu atinounzwa uye nezvatinoda:
Nhamba yenhamba
Chinhu chekutanga chatinoda kutsanangura panguva ino ndechekuti sarudzo dzatinofanira kuchengeta dzerudzi urwu rwe data dzingave mazera, huwandu uye hukuru husina madimikira. Tinodawo kupa muenzaniso kuti tinzwisise zviri nani kuti ndeapi mhando yedhata yatinofanira kusarudza pamunda wega wega:
Isu tinopa TINYINT, mhando yedata inotibvumira kuti tigadzire huwandu hunosvika zana nemakumi maviri nenomwe. Saka kana tichida kutsanangura munda wezera revashandisi vedu, iyi ndiyo yatinogona kushandisa, nekuti yakajairwa zera renji iri mukati meiyo nhamba , uye kunze kwekunge tiri kurarama munguva yeTestamente Yekare yemubhaibheri, hapana munhu akapfuura huwandu uhu; Saka aiwa, iyi mhando yedata haitibvumire isu kuchengeta 127, semuenzaniso, kana 567, kana muganho ukasvika 128.
Zvino, kana tichida kutsanangura munda wechiratidzo chemusika mukuru kuti titengese zviuru zvezvinhu zvakasiyana uye zvakasiyana, izvi zvinoshanduka zvisingaite, zvakajeka TINYINT haisisiri kutishandira, pamusoro peizvi isu tinofanira kuziva chaizvo chaizvo huwandu hwezvinhu inotengesa, asi kwete chete nezvatinazvo izvozvi, asi kuyedza kufanotaura nezveramangwana redu, neiyi nzira yedu yekuchengetedza haizokurumidze kupera.
Tinogona kushandisa chimwe chinhu senge SMALLINT icho chinotibvumidza kuverenga kusvika pamakumi matatu nemaviri ezvinyorwa, asi kana tikachinja muenzaniso uye tikatama kubva pamusika kuenda kune ID shamba iyo inofanira kushandiswa patafura yevatengi yekambani yenhare ine vashandisi mamirioni mashanu, isu haichagona kuve neiyo SMALLINT, asi yevamwe vakaita seMEDIUMINT, uye isu tinoenderera mberi, mune iyo kambani yedu yaive nemamiriyoni mazana maviri evatengi, isu tinofanirwa kushandisa munda werudzi INT. Iyo nyaya inoshanduka mune nyaya yekutora capricious uye kuda kutsanangura munda unozivisa mumwe nemumwe wevanhu vanogara pasi pano, saka isu tinofanirwa kukumbira BIGNIT munda rubatsiro, nekuti iyo INT mhando inongobvumidza kusvika zviuru zviviri zvemamirioni zvidimbu zvakasiyana zve data, uye izvo zvakajeka zvaisazosvika kwatiri.
Isu tinodawo kusimbisa kuvepo kwehunhu hwakashata, hwatingawana kana tichida kusevha zvibodzwa zvemutambo, kana mucherechedzo pazasi pe zero unogona kumaka tafura, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.
Asina kusaina kukosha
Ngatizvitarisei seizvi: kuva nezera rakaipa hazvinganzwisisike zvachose. Kana paine mukana wekupamhidzira muganho weiyo yakanyanya kunaka kukosha kweiyo yega data kubvisa mukana wekuti munda iwoyo unogona kuchengeta zvakashata kukosha, tingave tichiwedzera zvakapetwa muganho wakanaka wekuchengetedza, uye munda werudzi TINYINT waiwanzobvumidzwa kuchengeta kukosha. Ye127, ikozvino icharega iwe uchengetedze tsika kubva pa0 kusvika pa255.
Uye isu tinotsanangura sei munda usina chiratidzo? Kuburikidza neUNSIGNED modifier tinogona kutsanangura nhamba yehuwandu. Tichishandisa izvi isu tinofanirwa kuwana ikholamu inoverenga Hunhu uye kukosha kweUNSIGNED uye munda uyu hauchakwanise kuve nemitemo yakashata, nekudaro uchipeta simba rayo rekuchengetedza.
Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti zvakakosha kuti kana uchitsanangura munda mukoramu watingawana sehurefu tinonyora nhamba inoenderana nekwanisi yekuchengetedza iyo yatichangosarudza. Kuenderera mberi nemuenzaniso wezera, kana tiri kushanda neTINYNIT, tinofanirwa kuisa matatu sehurefu, kwete yakakura kana shoma nhamba.
Nhamba dzine madhimoni
Mitengo, mihoro, mari yeakaundi yebhangi, pakati pevamwe, takaenda kune huwandu hwenhamba nemadimikira uye isu takasiya nhamba dzese kumashure, uye kunyangwe hazvo chokwadi chekuti aya marudzi emhando anonzi "nzvimbo inoyerera" nekuti comma inoparadzanisa chikamu chizere uye chikamu chekupedzisira, chaicho pakati pemhando dzeMySQL data, dzinozvichengeta zvichizviparadzanisa nenguva; kubva pano taizove nemhando nhatu dzedata: FLOAT, DOUBLE uye DECIMAL.
FLOAT ichatibvumidza kuti tigone kuchengeta iyo kukosha -999.99 uye pazhinji pa999.99. Ziva kuti chiratidzo - hachiverengi, asi iyo pfungwa inovaparadzanisa, ndiko kuti, iyo poindi yekupedzisira, ehe, ndosaka vangave vari matanhatu manhamba mune ese, kunyangwe tichiona kuti maviri acho madhimoni; Asi isu tine chimwe chinhu chinonzi yakapfava chaiyo renji, iyo inotimanikidza kuve nehuwandu hwehuwandu pakati pe0 ne24.
Kune rimwe divi, DOUBLE, kuve zvakapetwa zvakapetwa, zvinongobvumidza iyo nhamba yenzvimbo dzedimali kutsanangurwa pakati pe25 ne23. Kushandisa FLOAT, iri nyore kunyatsoita, kunogona kukonzera kutenderera matambudziko uye kurasikirwa kwenzvimbo dzasara dzekupedzisira. Iyo inosara kutsanangurwa ndeye DECIMAL, inova ndiyo yakanakisa yekuchengetedza kukosha kwemari panodiwa urefu hushoma asi huchokwadi hwakanyanya, uye pasina kutenderera, rudzi urwu rwe data runopa upamhi hwakagadziriswa kune iyo nhamba iyo ichachengeta. Iwo akanyanya huwandu hwenhamba dzerudzi urwu rwe data ndeye makumi matanhatu neshanu, ayo makumi matatu ndiwo huwandu hwenzvimbo dzenhamba dzinobvumidzwa, zvinopfuura zvakakwana kuchengetedza mitengo, mibairo nemari.
Alphanumeric data
Pakupedzisira isu tinosiya chikamu chehuwandu hwenhamba kuti tiise imwe nyowani. Pano tichave tichitaura nezvekuchengetedza hunhu tambo, kuzvitsanangura nenzira iri nani, uye pakati pemhando dzedata muMySQL tine zvinotevera: CHAR, VARCHAR, BINARY, VARBINARY, TINYBLOB, TINYTEXT, BLOB, TEXT, MEDIUMBLOB, MEDIUMTEXT, LONGBLOB, LONGTEXT, ENUM uye SET, yega yega ine yayo maitiro uye ayo pachezvayo zvakanakira zvichienderana nedata ratinoda kuchengeta.
Zuva uye nguva data
Ichi chingave chikamu chedu chekupedzisira kana zvasvika pamhando dzedata muMYSQL. Tichaona kuti tine mikana yakati wandei yekuchengetedza dhata, mazuva uye nguva, tichiona musiyano pakati peimwe neumwe nekushandisa kwavo kukuru, nenzira iyi tichakwanisa kusarudza mhando yedata yakakodzera mune imwe neimwe nyaya.
DATE
Rudzi urwu rwedata muMySQL rinotibvumidza kuchengeta misi apo manhamba mana ekutanga angave egore, maviri anotevera kumwedzi uye maviri ekupedzisira kuzuva, kunyangwe munyika dzinotaura chiSpanish tajaira kuraira misi kutanga nezuva, uyezve remwedzi, uyezve regore, reMYSSQL iri zvachose imwe nzira yakatenderedza.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti kana uchiverenga iyo DATE munda, kunyangwe ichioneka nemadhishi akaparadzanisa gore kubva pamwedzi nemwedzi kubva pazuva, pakuisa iyi data inotibvumidza kuti tiite zvese zvinoenderera, semuenzaniso, tinogona kuzviona iyi: 2018-06-04 uye isai seizvi 20180604. Iyo date renji iyo DATE inotibvumidza isu kubata ndeye 1000-01-01 kusvika 9999-12-31.
Kunze kwekunge isu tine chekuita nezve chiitiko chakaitika zviuru zviviri zvemakore apfuura uye isu tinofanirwa kuchizarura, hatizove nematambudziko neiyi fomati; kune rimwe divi, tichifunga nezveramangwana isu tine mikana yakawanda, nekuti neiyi fomati isu takapotsa tasvika pagore zviuru gumi.
DZIMWE NGUVA
Kuva nemunda unotsanangurwa seDATETIME kunotibvumidza kuchengetedza ruzivo kwete rwezuva, asi rwechinguva, nguva pfupi, kunze kwezuva, zvakare hurongwa hwaro, kutanga taizove negore, tevere mwedzi, kozoti zuva , ipapo isu tichavawo neawa, maminitsi, uye kunyangwe iwo masekondi, fomati yacho inoita senge:
- YYYY- MM- DD HH: MM: SS
Chikamu chezuva chine mhando yakafanana neiyo yerudzi rweDATE (makore zviuru gumi), ndiko kuti, kubva pa10,000-1000-01 kusvika 01-9999-12. Chikamu chechirongwa chaienda seizvi: kubva 31:00:00 kusvika 00:23:53. Zvese zvinhu zvakakwana zvinotaridzika seizvi: 53-1000-01 01:00:00 kusvika 00-9999-12 31:23:59.
NGUVA
Pano isu tinobvumidzwa kuchengeta maawa, maminetsi uye masekondi, uye hongu, iyo dhata rapfuura mhando yakaita futi, asi ne NGUVA isu tine yakatenderwa renji inotangira kubva: -839: 59: 59 kusvika 839: 59: 59; izvi zvaizotora mazuva makumi matatu nemashanu kumashure nekudzoka pane iripo zuva. Rudzi urwu rwe data rwakakosha pakuverenga nguva dzakapfuura pakati penguva mbiri dzepedyo.
TIMESTAMP
Pano isu tine mhando yedata inogona kunge yakafanana neDATETIME asi mafomati ayo uye nhanho dzakasiyana, kunyange zvichiri kubatsira kuchengeta zuva nenguva. Nemunda weiyi fomati sarudzo nhatu dzinogona kuunzwa kwatiri, yekutanga ndeiyi: YYYY-MM-DD HH: MM: SS, yechipiri ndeiyi: YYYY-MM-DD, uye yechitatu iri nyore: YY-MM-DD .
Pano isu tine mukana wekuve neinogona kureba gumi nemana, 14 kana matanhatu manhamba, zvese zvinoenderana neruzivo rwatinopa. Iyi fomati haina kufanana nenhoroondo kana semberi sezvakaita vamwe, sezvo huwandu hunobatwa nemunda uyu chete hunobva muna 8-6-1970 kusvika pagore ra01.
Uye zvakare, sechirevo chinoda kuziva, tinogona kuona kuti kukosha kwayo kunochengetwa kwazvino kwese kwese kana rekodhi yakaiswa kana kuvandudzwa, nenzira iyi tichagara tichichengeta mundima iyi zuva uye nguva yekudzoserwa kwekupedzisira kweiyo data, iyo kutora zvakanaka pasina kutora chirongwa chekuita chero chinhu.
Kana isu tichida kutsanangura izvi kubva ku phpMyAdmin, zvese zvatinofanirwa kuita kusarudza muKupa hunhu sarudzo inoti "pakuvandudza" CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, uye seyeyeyeyeuki kukosha CURRENT_TIMESTAMP. Munda une kukosha kwayo kunogona kuvandudzwa otomatiki kana uchiisa kana kugadzirisa rekodhi.
GORE
Kana isu tichifanira kuona kudikanwa kwekutsanangura munda seGORE, tinogona kuchengeta gore, zvese tichishandisa maviri, pamwe nemane manhamba. Muchiitiko chekuti tinozviita mumadhijiti maviri, kubva pa70 kusvika 99 (kuva kubva 70 kusvika 99 tichanzwisisa kuti izvi zvinoenderana nematanho emakore kubva 1970 kusvika 1999, uye kana tiine manhamba kubva 00 kusvika 69 ipapo tinogona nzwisisa izvo zvinoreva makore 2000 kusvika 2069), mune yakadaro nyaya yekupa iwo mana manhamba saka isu taizoona kuti iyo inogona kuita renji ichawedzera, uye ichibva kubva 1901 kusvika 2155.
Isu zvakare tine imwe yekuwedzera mukana, kunyangwe isina hukama nemhando dzedata muMySQL, asi iine hukama nemisi nenguva. Iyi mukana wekuwedzera ndewe kuburitsa kukosha kwetestampamp neiyo PHP nguva basa (zvakare isu tinoda kujekesa kuti hatichisiri kutaura nezve MYSQL, kunyangwe ichinyatsoita kuti uvhiringidzike nekuda kwekuve nemazita akafanana).
Zvisinei, isu tinogona kuchengeta iyo kukosha mune gumi-digit INT munda, nenzira iyi, zvichave zviri nyore kwazvo kuraira kukosha kwemunda wedu (tinogona kuisa zuva rechinhu chenhau semuenzaniso) uye isu isu inogona kuratidza iro zuva nekushandura iyo kukosha timestamp kuita chimwe chinhu chatingaite kuti chiverengeke tichishandisa PHP pachedu kubata mabasa.
Ndinovimba kuti nechinyorwa chino pamhando dzedata muMySQL, isu takakwanisa kugadzira zvese zvataida kutsanangura zvakajeka uye kuti iwe wakadzidza kugadzira dhatabhesi uye tafura zvinoenderana neruzivo rwedu rwese, tichitsanangura nemazvo zvakakwana minda yavo kuvashandisa iwo marudzi e data uye hunhu, nekudaro, kuve mukukwanisa, kana mumamiriro ezvinhu, kutanga kuronga nemazvo, ikozvino uine zano rakajeka rekuti ndeapi mafomati atichada, ayo anokwana kudiwa kwedu zvinoenderana nezvatiri unofanirwa kuronga.
Tinokukoka iwe kuti unakidzwe neimwe yezvinyorwa zvedu zvine chekuita nehurongwa: Polymorphism muchirongwa chakanangana nechinhu.