Wakambozvibvunza here ndiani aive programmer wekutanga zvenhoroondo? Kuve nyika umo ma protagonist ari varume, mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu ingaite seinokatyamadza.
Augusta Ada Byron Lovelace ndiye wekutanga komputa programmer munhoroondo.
Ndiani akatanga programmer?
Mukutaura kwakawanda, isu tinogona kutaura kuti isu tajaira kuverenga nyaya dzinonakidza pamusoro pevarume vakuru vakaita mucherechedzo munyika yekomputa. Zvisinei, patinozvibvunza isu pachedu ndiani aive programmer wekutanga, mhinduro inotizadza nekushamisika uye kunyangwe kugutsikana.
Saka pasina imwezve ado, isu tinokuudza ndiani aive programmer wekutanga, kunyangwe zvingave zvirinani kutaura nezvake muchikadzi. Uye kuti iye wekutanga programmer wenguva dzese aive mukadzi, uyo akadaidzwa: Augusta Ada Byron Lovelace.
Biography yaAda Lovelace -Ndiani aive wekutanga programmer?
Augusta Ada Byron, akazozivikanwa saAda Lovelace, akaberekerwa muLondon muna 1815. Mukadzi anoyevedza uyu ndiye ega mwanasikana wepamutemo wedetembo Lord George Gordon Byron naBaroness Anne Isabella Byron. Saka izvi zvinopindura kuti ndiani aive wekutanga programmer.
Uduku
Nekudaro, nekuda kwematambudziko pakati pevaviri ava, Lord Byron akabva pamba apo Ada anga asina kana mwedzi. Neiyi nzira, makore ekutanga ehudiki hwake akapfuura asina kusangana nababa vake.
Kune rimwe divi, chishuwo chaBaroness Byron chekuti musikana mudiki aisave nehunhu hwaimuyeuchidza nezvababa vake, zvakaita kuti Ada vatevere tsoka dzaamai vake. Panyaya iyi, tinogona kutaura kuti Baroness Anne Isabella Byron akatsaurira hupenyu hwake kumasvomhu, uyezve aive murwi wezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro.
Ada Lovelace naMary Somerville
Pamusoro pezvo, chinzvimbo chemagariro chakakurira Ada Lovelace chakamuita kuti ataure nevanhu vane simba venguva iyoyo, avo vaikosha mukuita kwake kwekudzidzisa. Nenzira iyi, Ada akasangana nemusayendisiti Mary Somerville, uyo munguva pfupi akazova mudzidzisi wake; Uye zvakare, yaimiririra kukurudzira chaiko muLovelace yesainzi-yekumuka kwehungwaru.
Ada Lovelace naCharles Babbage
Kune rimwe divi, kuravira kwekutanga kwemasvomhu kwakatungamira Lovelace kusangana naCharles Babbage, vachinzwa kufarira injini yekuongorora iyo yaakange agadzira iye pachake. Zvisinei, iyi yakanga isiri Ada Lovelace chete yekufungidzira, sezvo iye akapedzawo nguva achiongorora hukama hunokwanisika pakati penzanga, vanhu vayo uye tekinoroji.
Ada Lovelace naIshe William King
Nguva pfupi gare gare, apo Ada aive nemakore gumi nemapfumbamwe, akaroora Ishe William King, kubva kubatanidzwa kwavo vana vatatu vakazvarwa. Panyaya iyi, uyu aive hunhu hwakasimba panguva iyoyo, kunyanya mune zvematongerwo enyika, zvemagariro, zvehungwaru uye zvechitendero, izvo zvaakatambirwa naamai vaAda kumuroora.
Gare gare, akaneta nehukama hwake hwewanano, Ada akapotera zvakare mumasvomhu, panguva ino mumaoko aAugustus de Morgan. Nekudaro, munguva pfupi, akaremerwa nezvinodiwa zvehungwaru zvemudzidzi wake, achifunga kuti pfungwa dzake dzaive dzisingaenderane nedzemukadzi.
Panyaya iyi, vese Ada nemurume wake havana hanya nekuora mwoyo kwemukurumbira wemasvomhu, uye akaenderera mberi nedzidzo yake munzvimbo iyi. Panguva imwecheteyo aidanana nevamwe varume kunze kwewanano yake, izvo zvisingazivikanwe kana zvakasvika munzeve dzaMambo King, ipapo Earl weLovelace.
Makore gare gare, apo Ada aive nemakore makumi matatu nematanhatu, akatanga kunzwa zviratidzo zvekutya uye kurukutika kwese, nekukurumidza achirwara nekenza yemudumbu. Yakanga iri panguva ino, pane kurudziro yaamai vake, kuti Lovelace akagamuchira pfungwa dzechitendero, kusvika padanho rekuzvidemba zvimwe zvakaitika muhupenyu hwake, izvo, panguva iyoyo, zvaakatsanangura sevanhuwo zvavo.
Rufu
Pakupedzisira, Augusta Ada Byron Lovelace, akafa muna November 1852, pamwe chete naamai vake nomurume wake. Nekudaro, kunyangwe nanhasi, nhaka yake inoramba iripo munyika yehunyanzvi uye komputa.
Pamusoro pezvo, ini ndinokukoka kuti utarise vhidhiyo inotevera, mauri muchawana pfupi ruzivo nezve Ada Lovelace uye yekutanga programgorithm.
Chii chaive mupiro wechokwadi waAda Lovelace kuchirongwa?
Sezvo isu tato pindura, mubvunzo uyo aive wekutanga programmer ndiAda Lovelace, uyo akafuridzirwa naamai vake, airatidza kufarira mathematics kubva padiki kwazvo. Nenzira iyi, paakasangana naCharles Babbage, akatanga kubatikana nebasa iro raakange agadzira: injini yekuongorora kana yekusiyanisa.
Panyaya iyi, Lovelace aive mushandi akatendeka wepurojekiti yeshamwari yake Babbage, achitoshandura chinyorwa nemusayendisiti ane mukurumbira Luigi Federico Menabrea, aibata nezveinjini yekuongorora. Pamusoro pezvo, Ada akagadzirira nhevedzano yezvinyorwa kwaakanyatsojekesa chinzvimbo chake nezvekushanda kweichi chinyorwa.
Pane ino yekupedzisira poindi, Ada Lovelace akatora marwadzo makuru kutsanangura hunyanzvi ruzivo rweyekuongorora muchina, asi zvakare akaonesa mune aya manotsi iwo ekutanga maitiro ekugadziriswa kwedata. Pamusoro pezvo, mune zvinyorwa zvake, achishandisa zvatinoziva iye zvino seAdha Algorithm, Lovelace akatsanangura zvakadzama mashandiro emakadhi ekubaya, ayo anokwanisa kuverenga nhamba dzeBernoulli.
Kuti uzive zvishoma nezve izvo zvinoreva algorithm, ini ndinokukoka kuti uverenge chinyorwa chedu chinonzi: ¿Chii chinonzi algorithm muchirongwa? Nhoroondo!.
Nenzira iyi, Augusta Ada Byron Lovelace haana kuve iye chete mukadzi wekutanga kutsanangura mutauro wechirongwa, asi iye zvakare anoonekwa seyekutanga komputa programmer munhoroondo. Pamusoro pezvo, Lovelace aive kumberi nenguva uye akavimbisa kuti injini yekuongorora yaizozoita yekugadzira inokwanisa kuita chero chinhu chakabvunzwa.
Kukosha kwekuronga
Mukutaura kwakawanda, kuronga ndiko kumiririra kwezivo iyo yatinogadzira mhinduro kune mamwe matambudziko. Panyaya iyi, kuti unzwisise zvirinani pfungwa iyi, zvakakosha kuti urangarire mashandiro anoita komputa.
Mukutaura, isu tinofanirwa kutaura kuti makomputa anoumba sisitimu inokwanisa kugadzirisa data nekugamuchira boka remirairo. Nenzira iyi, tinogona zvakare kutaura kuti iyi mirairo inouya kubva kuzvirongwa, izvo zvakanyorwa uchishandisa mitauro yekuronga.
Pamusoro pezvo, komputa inokwanisa kunzwisisa algorithm yakavharidzirwa mumutauro wechirongwa, kuti ipindure kune dambudziko rekutanga kuburikidza nekuita kwemamwe mabasa. Saka, mabasa ekombuta anogona kupfupikiswa se: Chengeta, kuronga, tora uye kutumira ruzivo nekukurumidza, zvakachengeteka uye nemazvo.
Chekupedzisira, isu tine icho chirongwa chehunyanzvi hwekutsanangura nyika kuburikidza nemutauro unonzwisisika nemakomputa. Mukuwedzera, inofambisa kutaurirana pakati pevanhu nemichina, ichiva mukova wakakosha unobvumira kuwana ruzivo.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvishoma zvishoma nezve kukosha kwepurogiramu, unogona kuverenga chinyorwa chakanzi: Computer programming: Tsanangudzo uye mienzaniso.
Nhoroondo yemitauro yemitauro
Chekutanga pane zvese, isu tinofanirwa kujekesa kuti chinangwa chedu hachisi chekunyatsoongorora nyaya yemitauro yekuronga, asi kuti tikuratidze muchidimbu mashandurirwo azvo. Nenzira iyi, zvakafanira chose kuti urangarire kuti makomputa ekutanga aingogamuchira rairo mumutauro wega wavaiziva, wainzi mutauro wemuchina.
Panyaya iyi, iyi yaive mutauro wakavakirwa pabhinari kodhi, iyo yaidawo kuziva nendangariro nzvimbo dzakachengetwa data. Nezve iyi yekupedzisira ficha, sezvo zviri nyore kunzwisisa, zvaive zvakajairika kuita huwandu hukuru hwezvikanganiso, izvo zvakazopedzisira zvaita kuti iyo debugging maitiro ive yakaoma.
Pamusoro pezvo, kana izvo zvinodiwa zvine chekuita neruzivo manejimendi zvikakura, zvakave zvakafanira kugadzira dzimwe mhinduro. Nekudaro, mamwe marudzi emitauro yemitauro akaberekwa, kudzamara asanduka kuva iwo atinoziva nhasi.
Kune rimwe divi, sezvo munda wekushandisa kwemakomputa wakawedzerwa uye makomputa achitora nzvimbo dzakajairika, mitauro yekuwanika inowanikwa yakawanda yakabuda. Pamusoro pezvo, izvi zvave nyore, kusununguka kubata uye kunyange nyore kudzidza.
Vamwe vakadzi munyika yekomputa
Kunyangwe chiri chokwadi kuti munhoroondo yese yetekinoroji zvakajairika kuwana varume vazhinji kupfuura vakadzi, hatigone kutadza kutaura vamwe vacho vakatimiririra zvakanaka. Nenzira iyi, pazasi tichataura mamwe mazita ane chekuita nekomputa, pasina izvi zvinoreva kuti hapana vamwe vakadzi vane hunhu hwakaringana kuve pane iri diki runyorwa.
Nyasha Murray Hopper
Kuna Grace Murray Hopper, musayendisiti wemauto, isu tine chikwereti kuvandudza kwekutanga compiler yemitauro mitauro. Pamusoro pezvo, yakafambira mberi kwakakosha maererano nemitauro yakazvimirira yekuronga.
Panyaya iyi, nekuda kwemukadzi uyu ane mukurumbira akazvarwa muUnited States muna 1906, tinoziva nhasi uno unonzi mutauro weECBOL.
Hedwing Eva Maria Kiesler.
Hedy lamarr
Hedwing Eva María Kiesler, anonyanyo kuzivikanwa saHedy Lamarr, anogona kunge achirangarirwa zvakanyanya nehunhu hwake semutambi pane mupiro wake kumakomputa. Nekudaro, uyu mukadzi akanaka uye akangwara, akaberekerwa muAustria muna1914, ndiye akafanotungamira nzira yekuparadzira ine chekuita nekutaurirana pasina waya.
Panyaya iyi, nekuda kwechirevo chakatangwa naHedy Lamarr, rezinesi rakabatana nehurongwa hwekutungamira redhiyo rakazowanikwa. Pamusoro pezvo, mukadzi uyu ane hunyanzvi akagadzira frequency hopping tekinoroji, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muchiuto.
Pakupedzisira, mabasa aHedy Lamarr akamiririra huchokwadi hutsva mumunda wekutaurirana. Panyaya iyi, tinogona kusimbisa kuti ndivo ndivo vakatanga tekinoroji yeBluetooth, iyo yakazofambira mberi ichienda kune zvatinoziva nhasi sechiratidzo cheWiFi.
Judha Milhon
Judha Milhon, akaberekerwa muUnited States muna 1939, aive mukadzi ane hupenyu hwakazara nemakakatanwa. Zvakanaka, kubva achiri mudiki akazvipira kurwira kodzero dzevanhu, izvo zvakamutungamira kujeri pazviitiko zvakasiyana.
Nekudaro, aivewo nemukurumbira mune imwe nzvimbo, senge computing. Panyaya iyi, Judhasi Milhon anozivikanwa semudziviriri wevabambi, basa raakazvitsaurira kwakawanda kwehupenyu hwake.
Pamusoro pechinhu chekupedzisira ichi, zvakafanira kujekesa kuti aisangove mushambadzi akasarudzika, asi aive zvakare mugadziri akanaka kwazvo. Pamusoro pezvo, akarwira kodzero dzekuvanzika paInternet uye nekodzero dzedigital mune zvese.
Radio Joy Perlman.
Radio Perlman
Kune rake divi, Radia Joy Perlman akaberekerwa muUnited States muna 1951, achikumikidza hupenyu hwake hwakawanda mukusimudzira tekinoroji. Nenzira iyi, isu tinogona kutaura kuti iye akakosha musiki software uye akanakisa network mainjiniya.
Panyaya iyi, isu tine kuti Radia Perlman parizvino anozivikanwa saAmai veInternet. Huye, akakosha mazano ane hukama nenetiweki protocols uye chengetedzo zvinonzi kwairi.
Carol shaw
Mukadzi ane mukurumbira uyu, anonzi Carol Shaw inyanzvi yemagetsi, nyanzvi mukushandisa zvemacomputer, uyo akaberekerwa muUnited States muna 1955. akasangana.
Nekudaro, mushure mekubudirira kwake munzvimbo nyowani iyi, akasiya dhizaini yemavhidhiyo uye akazvipira iye kugadzira makomputa ekupedzisira. Panyaya iyi, kubva ipapo, akaedza kuvandudza kuvimbika kwerudzi urwu rwemakomputa.
Mimwe mipiro yemamwe madzimai mukusimudzira enformatics
Sezvo isu tichigona kufungidzira, pamusoro pemakore mazhinji vakadzi vazhinji vakaita mucherechedzo wavo munyika yekomputa. Nekudaro, pazasi isu tichapa mamwe emapurojekiti akakosha avakagadzira vachida kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji.
E-bhuku
Mukutaura kwese, e-bhuku kana bhuku remagetsi rinoreva iro bhuku redhijitari, zvingangodaro zvichisiyana nepfungwa yazvino yekuverenga bhuku remagetsi. Panyaya iyi, tine kuti aive Ángela Ruíz Robles, akaberekerwa muSpain muna 1895, uyo akatora nhanho dzekutanga mukukudziridzwa kweiyi pfungwa.
Panyaya iyi, tine kuti Ángela Ruíz Robles akanga ari mudzidzisi weSpanish ane mukurumbira, uyo aigara achiratidza kufarira kwakajeka mukuvandudza ruzivo rwekudzidzisa. Nenzira iyi, muna 1949 akakwanisa kugadzira yekutanga chikumbiro chemuchina encyclopedia, iyo prototype yakagadziridzwa makore akazotevera anoonekwa seanotungamira e-bhuku.
Pixel Art
Pixel art ndiyo yakanyanya kutaura yedhijitari art, iyo inoreva kugadziridzwa kwemifananidzo pixel nepixel. Panyaya iyi, nzira iyi inoitwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwezvirongwa zvakakosha, zvakadai se: Pain.NET, Pickle, Microsoft Paint, pakati pevamwe.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kutaura kuti mutangiri werudzi urwu rwekugadzira ndiSusan Kare, muimbi weAmerica uye grafiki dhizaini, akaberekwa muna 1954. pixels; Uye zvakare, iye ndiye munyori wemazhinji emifananidzo anoonekwa mune akati sisitimu yekushandisa.
Graphic adventures
Mukutaura kwakawanda, mhando ye graphic adventure inoreva mitambo yemavhidhiyo apo mutambi anoshanda pamwe nezvinhu zvinomukomberedza. Izvi kuitira kuyedza kupindura kune akasiyana mamiriro anomuka kuburikidza akasiyana mapuzzle.
Pamusoro pezvo, isu tine iyo yakajeka graphic adventures inosiyana neyekukurukurirana adventures nekuti iyo yekutanga inosanganisira mifananidzo inoratidzirwa pane zvinyorwa. Chekupedzisira, tinofanirwa kutaura kuti kufambira mberi kwakakosha munyika yemitambo yemavhidhiyo ibasa raRoberta Williams, kunyanya zvine chekuita nemitambo yemakomputa ako wega.
Computer imaging
Katherine Louise Bouman, anonyanya kuzivikanwa saKatie Bouman, musayendisiti weAmerica akaberekwa muna 1989. Tine chikwereti kwaari kuvaka patsva kwemufananidzo wekutanga wegomba dema, izvo zvinogoneka nekuda kwezvidzidzo zvake pamifananidzo yekombuta. .
Panyaya iyi, zvakakosha kutaura kuti ndiye ainyanya kugadzira algorithm iyo yakatibvumidza isu kutora mufananidzo wemufananidzo watinongedzera mundima yapfuura. Kune rumwe rutivi, chirongwa chinonzi Harvard Black Hole Initiative chinoshanda pamusana pekugadzirwa kwetiweki yeredhiyo antenna inoita kuti zvikwanise kutora mifananidzo.
Liskov kutsiva musimboti
Liskov's substitution musimboti yakanangana neyakarerekera chinhu chirongwa, zvakanyanya kune hwaro hwenhaka hunoratidza paradigm iyi. Uyezve, pfungwa iyi ibasa revainjiniya veAmerica: Barbara Liskov naJeannette Wing, avo vakazvipira zvizere kusainzi yekombuta.
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakakosha kutaura kuti Liskov substitution principle statement inogadza chirevo chinotevera: kirasi imwe neimwe yakagarwa nhaka kubva kune imwe inogona kushandiswa pasina mutsauko pakati pavo. Muchidimbu, tinogona kusimbisa kuti iyi nheyo inoshanda kuwedzera kunaka kwekodhi yepurogiramu.