ari nhare dzekushandisa Iwo akateedzana eesoftware kana mapurogiramu akashandisirwa nharembozha kuti uwane mabasa akasiyana siyana anokwanisa kunakidzwa nemushandisi, dzidza zvakawanda nezvavo nekuverenga chinyorwa ichi.
Mobile anoshanda masisitimu
Inozivikanwa neshoko rayo se "SO", inomiririra seti yemapurogiramu akaiswa panharembozha yako kuti uwane kushanda kwakakwana uye kuzadzisa zvido zvevashandisi. Imwe neimwe nharembozha modhi, kunyanya iya inonzi smart mafoni, ine anoshanda system inobvumira kuti ishande nemazvo.
Iyi software yakafanana neiya yemakomputa, ivo vanosiyana neayo nekuti ine akasiyana mafomu uye mirairo. Iwo anonyanya kushandiswa mafoni ekushandisa masisitimu ari mune ino odhiyo Android, iOS, Windows Foni uye BlackBerry OS.
Imwe neimwe kambani inogadzira inosarudza mhando yechirongwa zvinoenderana nezvinotaurwa nharembozha. Mune mamwe mazwi, zvinoenderana neiyo Smartphone modhi, mhando yechirongwa inoiswa inoenderana nemamiriro efoni iyoyo.
Nhare dzekushandisa nhare dziri nyore pane idzo dzinoshandiswa mumakomputa, dzakabatanidzwa kune yakakwira muzana neinobatanidza isina waya. Iyo data inogadziriswa pane nharembozha inewo mafomati akasiyana, yakadai kesi yeaudio, mapikicha, uye mavhidhiyo.
Mamwe mafoni haasanganisi zvimwe zvirongwa zvinosanganisirwa mune software pane mamwe makomputa. Muchiitiko cheiyo Android system, mune dzakawanda kesi haina zvirongwa zvekugadzirisa zvinyorwa, foto vhidhiyo mupepeti uye zvimwe zvinoshandiswa. Vashandisi vanofanirwa kutsvaga zvekushandisa pane akasiyana mapuratifomu anogona kuenderana neaya mafomati.
Kubatsira kweaya masisitimu anoshanda ndeekuti kuburikidza nekubatana kwedata kana neWi Fi, uye zvakare nekugona ndangariro kugona, zviito zvakawandisa zvinogona kuwanikwa, kurodha pasi mafomu akasiyana siyana kuburikidza nezvitoro zvakasiyana. Asi regai tione zvakadzama ruzivo nezve ino inonakidza nyika yemasisitimu anoshanda masystem.
Vanoshanda sei
Nhare dzekushandisa nhare dzakafanana chaizvo kune mumwe nemumwe. Mhando dzakasiyana idzo vagadziri vanopa makambani enharembozha, ainyatso kuvezwa akasiyana ma module akafanana ne RAM ndangariro uye software yekombuta. Kuvabvumira kuti vavandudze mashandiro avo.
Aya ma module ane akateedzana ezviito izvo zvakasiyana zvinoita zvakasiyana mabasa. Neiyi nzira, ivo vanoumba iyo yakazara inoshanda sisitimu yeSmartphone, ngatione kuti masisitimu anoshanda emagetsi anogadzirwa sei.
Components
Kana isu tavhura Smartphone, maitiro anobva atanga umo maitiro akati wandei uye zviwanikwa zvinodaidzwa kuti ma module anoita kuti mashandisirwo avhurwe. Izvi zviito ndizvo zvinobvumidza foni kuti ishandise zviito mune imwe maminetsi.
Nhare imwe neimwe inoumbwa nesisitimu yekushandisa ine ma module nemirairo. Izvo zvinoratidzira maodha ku RAM kuitira kuti vakwanise kushanda nemazvo. Module yega yega uye chinhu cheiyo software yeanoshanda masystem masisitimu, zvakakosha kudzora chiito chega chega.
Ivo vekubatsira kukuru uye vanoumba yakafara system yemabasa anonakidza kwazvo. Nhare dzekushandisa masystem dzakakurumbira pasirese, hapana chaiyo nhamba yeiyo nhare inogadzirwa gore rega.
Vashandisi vari pasi rese uye kambani inogadzira mamodheru akasiyana siyana gore rega. Ivo zvakare vanopindira neshanduko yemamojuru ekushanda, asi ngatione mashandisiro anoita ma module akakosha.
Kernel
Icho chidimbu chidiki che software inomiririra yekubatanidza zambuko pakati pehardware nesoftware, ndechimwe chezvakakosha zvikamu zveLinux uye Android masisitimu anoshanda. Inokutendera iwe kumhanyisa zvirongwa seropafadzo. Mune mamwe mazwi, inobvumidza kutaurirana pakati pezvinhu zviviri zvefoni, ichipa hupenyu kumabasa.
Iyo kernel kernel inogadzirisa RAM ndangariro kuitira kuti iite kuti inyatsoita uye kunyangwe ichinyatso kufanana nekomputa inoshanda masystem. Iyo zvakare inogadzira nucleus inoita akawanda mabasa. Rudzi urwu rwe module rakagadzirwa nekambani yeLinux uye yakashandurwa kutanga kwa2006 kuva smart mafoni.
Kumhanya kunyorera
Iwo maficha anoitwa kuburikidza neyekutonga nharaunda iyo inobvumidza kuodha chiito cheakasiyana maficha. Iyo inobvumidza kuisa akasiyana mapindiro kuitira kuchengetedza akasiyana maficha akavhurika panguva imwe chete. Izvi zvinogona kugadzirirwa nevagadziri. Izvo zvinozovatendera kuti vawedzere kushanda kweanoshandisa.
Middleware
Rudzi rwemu module runogadzirwa nema cores akati wandei ayo anotendera kugamuchirwa kwezvishandiso panhare mbozha. Iyo inobvumidza kumisikidza kugona uye kuenderana kweimwe App pane nhare mbozha.
Kune rimwe divi, ivo zvakare vanopa vashandisi mameseji enjini masevhisi, multimedia codec kutaurirana kuti vakwanise kuona mavhidhiyo mune akasiyana mafomati, kududzira mawebhusaiti. Pakati pezvimwe zvinoshandiswa, Middleware inokutendera iwe kubata chishandiso mune zvekuchengetedza nyaya.
Iyo inowanikwa
Ichi chiito module chinotendera kuita kutaurirana pakati pemushandisi nhare. Dhizaini yenharembozha dzakasiyana kwazvo, zvekuti kana munhu abata sikirini kuti amise uye azive mashandiro ayo, iyo interface inotarisira kuita mirairo inokumbirwa
Iyi nzira yekushanda inokutendera iwe kuti unzwisise kuratidzwa kunoonekwa kwezviito zvinosanganisira akasiyana graphic zvinhu. Mabhatani, akasiyana mamenyu, skrini uye akasiyana mafambiro anosanganisirwa ayo anopa akasiyana maonero ekuonekwa kune mharidzo. Mushandisi anogamuchira yekudyidzana sevhisi uko zvikumbiro zvakaitwa pachigadzirwa zvinoitwa nekukasira. ndiwo mashandiro anoita interface.
Ndeapi mafoni anoshanda masystem?
Kwemakore anodarika gumi ayo anonzi mafoni akangwara akauya pamusika, kudavirwa kwavo kuruzhinji kwakakosha, zvekuti kuwandisa kwevanhu kwakatanga kuitika pasi rese. Yekutanga Smartphone iyo yakachinja nyika yemafoni mafoni yaive BlackBerry.
Rudzi urwu rwechigadzirwa rwaive nemaapplication akasiyana siyana uye ma module anotendera vanhu kuita zviito zvakasiyana izvo makore mashoma apfuura zvaiitwa pamakomputa. Iyo BlackBerry inoshanda sisitimu inokutendera kuti ubatanidze neInternet, kurodha mafomu emitambo, kugadzirisa mapikicha, kubatanidza kuemail uye kuramba uchitaurirana nemagariro enetwork nekukasira.
Panguva imwe chete, Motorola inoshandisa iyo Android system nenzira yakapusa, iyo pakupera kwa2006 uye kutanga kwa2007 yakanga isingateereri sezvazviri nhasi. Makambani makuru ekutaurirana akadai seSamsung, Apple, Sony, Ericsson pakati pevamwe akatanga kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvine touch skrini izvo zvakagadzirisa musika.
Midziyo iyi inoshanda neApple neWindows masystem. Kune rimwe divi, iyo Apple kambani yanga ichigadzira iOS inoshanda sisitimu, iyo yaingoshandiswa kumidziyo yekambani. Izvo zvakare zvine hunyanzvi kuti zvakabvumidza kuve chirevo kune mamwe mashandiro masisitimu anovandudzwa gare gare. Imwe neimwe nharembozha inoshanda sisitimu yaibvumidza vashandisi kuwana mhinduro nekukurumidza uye zvinoenderana nezvavanoda.
Iyo interface yaikurumidza kubata uye yaive yakanyanya mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika. Nenzira iyi, mavhezheni enhare anoshanda akura kuita iwo iwo atinawo parizvino pamusika pasi rese. Ivo vanopa rakaringana sevhisi kune vatengi uko kunyorera uye mashandiro akasiyana zvakanyanya uye anoshanda sechishandiso chebasa uye chinonakidza. Asi ngatione kuti ndeapi mafoni anoshanda masystem.
Android
Ndiwo mutungamiriri wazvino wema smartphone anoshanda masisitimu, ane mavambo ayo muLinux system. Zvisikwa zvaro pakutanga zvaive zvekuitira zviito zvevashandi kamera. Iyo sisitimu yakatengeswa kuGoogle iyo yakaita zvimwe zvigadziriso uye yakakwanisa kuigadzirisa kune zvigadzirwa zvefoni.
Iyo Android nhare yekushandisa sisitimu inoshandiswa zvakare mumahwendefa ayo ari shanduro dzemafoni emafomati akakura. Vagadziri vari kutsvaga nzira dzekugadzirisa iwo kudesktop PC uye malaptop. Ndiani anoita zvidzoreso uye zviitiko zveiyo Android interface ndiyo kambani Google.
Yakagadzirwa naAndy Rubin muna2003, iyo sisitimu yekushandisa yakawanikwa neGoogle mugore ra2005. Chitarisiko chekutanga sezvatinochiziva nhasi chaive muna 2007, apo mamwe mafoni akatanga kutora nharembozha. Motorola neSamsung ndivo vaive vekutanga kuisa zvishandiso zvavo kuGoogle kuti vashandise iyo sisitimu inoshanda.
Android ine kernel (inotsanangurwa muchinyorwa chino) iyo inobvumidza zviito zviripo pakati peiyo software uye Hardware. Chii chinoshanduka nezverudzi urwu rwe mobile operating system ndechekuti inobvumidza vashandisi kuita zviito nekubata skrini uye nekusiya parutivi makiyi epanyama.
Iyo kernel yakabvumidzwa kumisikidza inodiwa java kodhi kuitira kuti maapplication agone kuitwa panguva yekukumbirwa nevashandisi. Iyi nzira yekuita zviito inobvumidza iyo Java sisitimu kutora muridzi wemaapplication uye kuaratidza iwo pachiratidziri.
Asi izvi zvakafanana zvinoshandiswa hazvigone kuitiswa zvakananga pamakomputa, hapana kuenderana. Android yakavhurika uye inofambidzana zvakanyanya nhare yekushandisa sisitimu.
Iyo yakashanda sereferenzi mune yekuvandudzwa kweimwe nhare inoshanda masystem. Iwo marezinesi ayo Google inobvumidza kumisikidza kugadziridzwa kune vanogadzira nharembozha uye vagadziri. Saka ivo vanogona kuita mamwe akasiyana sekureba sekutendera ivo kusimudzira uye kusimudzira kwezviito zvegadziriro. Unogona kushanyira ichi chinonakidza chinyorwa Iyo ramangwana rechokwadi chairo
IOS system
Ndiyo mobile operating system ye iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, uye Apple TV zvishandiso. Iyo inoumbwa neyakareruka sisitimu iyo inochengetedza huwandu hwesarudzo iyo inoita kuti vashandisi vafare nekushanda kwayo. Inofungidzirwa yechipiri pakukura nhare inoshandisa system kambani mushure meApple.
Iyo yakapusa system uye iri nyore kwazvo kushandisa. Munyika mune mamirioni evashandisi vanotsvaga rudzi urwu rwechigadzirwa sezvo kuita kwakawanda kuchibvumidza kupa kwakasiyana kunyorera. Iyo Hardware inoshanda kwazvo uye mabasa acho anoitwa nekukurumidza. Pagore kambani inovandudza iyo system uye shanduro dzinowanikwa dzinounza imwe mhando yezvinhu zvitsva.
Iyo sisitimu yakadaidzwa mukutanga kwayo iPhone OS, yakasikwa kuti ishandiswe chete mumidziyo inogadzirwa neApple. Gare gare yakashandurwa kubata mafoni akatanga kubuda muna 2008. Iyo sisitimu yakafanana chaizvo uye inotora mamwe maturusi kubva kuMac OS X system, inova yekuraira kwekuita kumakomputa emakambani eMacbook.
Pakutanga iyo system yakashandurwa chete kune maodhiyo edhiyo, uye gare gare yakashandurwa kubata mafoni. Na2008 vaive vatungamiriri uye vakagadzirisa musika nehunyanzvi hwavo. Gare gare, zvimwe zvishandiso zvakaita seGPS SII uye SII kubva kukambani yeSamsung yakaonekwa, izvo zvinodzora zviito zveApple.
Windows Phone
Iyi nhare yekushandisa mbozhanhare yakagadzirwa nekambani yeMicrosoft, parizvino inonzi WS, ndiyo inotsiva Windows Mobile nhare yekushandisa. Iyi system ine interface yakafanana chaizvo neWindows system inoshandiswa mumakomputa. Inopa akasiyana ekushandisa uye ma module ane chekuita ne Skype, OneDrive uye Xbox.
Iyo yechitatu inoshanda sisitimu mushure meGoogle yeApple neIOS, yakaonekwa pamusika pakati pa2015, payakatsiva zvachose Windows Foni. Yakanga iine hukama nesisitimu yekushandisa yeWindows 10 maPC, kubva kune zvimwe zviwanikwa nematurusi zvakawanikwa. Izvo zvakazoitwa muWS.
Dhizaini yayo yakapusa uye inobvumira vashandisi kubatana nekukurumidza uye nyore nekubata kwekubata. Nhare dzekushandisa dzerudzi urwu dzinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nechitoro cheWindows chemafoni pachawo.
BlackBerryOS
Yaive imwe yekutanga masystem ekushandisa kupinda mumusika une hukama nema smartphones. Yakagadziriswa nekambani yeResearch In Motion (RIM) muna2010, iyo yakaratidza zvimwe zvitsva. Pfungwa iyi yaive yekukwikwidza nemamwe ese aripo enhare anoshanda masystem.
Kunyangwe iyo BlackBerry system yaive mutungamiri uye mugadziri mumakore apfuura, ichitonga musika we smartphone, ichimanikidza modhi yayo yefoni neBlackberry system yekushandisa, iyo yaigamuchirwa nevashandisi mushanduro dzayo dzakasiyana.
Idzi shanduro dzinoenderana neakasiyana mashandiro masisitimu akagadzirirwa muenzaniso weserura. Izvi zvinogonesa vatengi kuwana smart mafoni ane hunyanzvi uye anoshanda mafomu. Gare gare, nekuuya kwema mobile touch zvishandiso, iyo BB system yakatora chigaro chekumashure.
Iyo RIM kambani yakaedza kuisa iyo BlackBerry 6 inoshanda sisitimu yakanangana nemusika wekambani. Dzimwe shanduro dzekubata BlackBerry dzakaburitswa neiyi BB6 inoshanda system asi pasina mhinduro yakanaka kubva kuvashandisi.
Vagadziri vacho vakabva vatarisa mukuvandudzwa kwesystem inoshanda yakatsaurwa chete kuchikamu chemultimedia, kuchinjisa mamodule nezviito nemasocial network nekutumira mameseji. Parizvino, vashandisi havasati vapa mhinduro inotarisirwa.
Simyan OS
Icho chaive chikamu chemasystem ekushandisa masystem ayo akabatanidzwa kuitira kugadzira imwechete interface. Mubatanidzwa pakati peNokia sechirevo chikuru pamwe chete neSony Ericsson, Samsung, Nokia, BenQ, Fujitsu, Lenovo, LG, uye Motorola, yakabvumidzwa kuvandudza sisitimu ine hunyanzvi kwenguva yakati.
Sisitimu iyi yakagadziriswa nedonzvo rekupa mashandiro kumaterminal ayo aigona kukwikwidza nemidziyo yakaita sePalm neMicrosoft mafoni. Sumían Inounganidza akateedzana emakodhi anoitwa panguva imwe chete nemafaira akati wandei. Izvi zvine chekuita nemifananidzo, mafaera edata, nezvimwe.
Iyo sisitimu inochengetwa yakanangana mukati mefoni mbozha, ichibvumira ruzivo kuti rwuchengetwe zvisinei nekuti iyo system haina bhatiri simba. Zvikumbiro neSumían zvinoitwa kuburikidza nekuronga mitauro iyo yakavakirwa paJava uye Visual Basic yemafoni nhare. Iyo sisitimu inoenderana neanogadzira asi haina kunge yaitarisirwa kukanganisa.
Firefox OS
Iyi nhare yekushandisa inochengetedza maitiro ekushandisa zvinoenderana neHTML5 inoenderana nemamojuru eiyo Linux system. Iyo inovandudzwa neMozilla Corporation pamwe chete nemamwe makambani ane hukama nemapurojekiti matsva mukuvandudza masystem efoni.
Yakagadzirirwa kutendera HTML5 kunyorera, unova mutauro unoshandiswa kugadzira zvemukati mewebhu. Inopawo epamberi multimedia kunyorera kusanganisira odhiyo uye vhidhiyo. Shandisa zvishandiso zvakaita seJavaScript uye Vhura Webhu APIs. Iyi sisitimu yakaiswa pane nharembozha senge Raspberry Pi uye mamwe mafoni akangwara, ine Android kugarisana.
Kuburitswa kwepasi rese kweiyi nhare inoshandisa, inoitwa neMozilla muna2013, yakaedza kuzvimisa muLatin America nenyika dzekuMadokero kweEurope uko musika weSmartphone uri kukura zvakanyanya. Makambani akaita seLG Electronics, ZTE, Huawei neTCL Corporation akavimbisa kuisa iyi sisitimu yekushandisa pane avo nharembozha kubva gore ra2104 zvichienda mberi.
Ubuntu Bata
Zvishoma zvishoma zvinozivikanwa, zvinoenderana neiyo Linux system. Iyo Linux-yakavakirwa nhare yekushandisa sisitimu. Yakagadzirwa neCanonical Ltd, yakaburitswa muna2014 uye inonyanya kushandiswa mumahwendefa, maNetbook nemidziyo midiki inotakurika. Iyo yakafanana chaizvo neiyo Android system uye ine hunhu hwakafanana chaizvo nedzimwe nhare dzekushandisa, kugamuchirwa kwayo mumusika kwave kushoma kwazvo.
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