Parizvino, makomputa akati wandei akagadzirwa, pakati pawo imwe yehukuru hukuru inomira, saka chinyorwa ichi chichatsanangura iyo Raspberry Pi maficha uye ayo mamodheru.
Microcomputer ine akasiyana mabasa
Raspberry Pi Zvimiro
Iyo Raspberry Pi ndeye kuraira kweiyo diki saizi saka inoonekwa sechishandiso cheiyo micro kirasi, iyi komputa inowanzo shandiswa mukusimudzira kwehurongwa muvana vakasiyana, nenzira imwechete iyo inoshandiswa kuratidzira kana kudzidza kwesainzi iyo informatics nzvimbo; Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekuda kwekukurumidza cd yehunhu hunoumba iyi komputa uye kune yega yega system zvivakwa.
Inozivikanwa nekuve muchina wakavakirwa pamabasa makuru anofanirwa kuitwa nemushandisi pakombuta, ayo akarasika semuchina wekushandisa, zvigadzirwa zvemuchina zvemazuva ano uye zvakagadziridzwa ndeaya anounza otomatiki masystem uko mushandisi asingakwanise kushandisa. iyo mirairo inoenderana nenzvimbo yekomputa inobvumidza kushanda kwakazara.
Sezvambotsanangurwa kare, iyo microcomputer ine chinangwa chekusimudzira kudzidza uko kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwemachina aya kuburikidza nesainzi yemakomputa; Inosanganisira bhodhi reSBC iyo isina mutengo wakakwira uye inogona kutengwa kubva kuRaspberry Pi Foundation iyo inowanikwa uye yakagadziriswa muUnited Kingdom.
Nedziviriro iyi inotsvagirwa kuti iwedzere uye isimbise dzidziso munzvimbo ino yemacomputer senge inoenderana zvirongwa mune iyi mhando ye microcomputer; Kuburikidza nehunhu hweiyo Raspberry Pi, iyo kudzidza kwecomputer sainzi inogoneswa kuitira kuti iwe ugone kudzidza kugadzira dhizaini chaiyo, saizvozvo iwe unogona kugadzira akasiyana mitambo inoenderana nehurongwa.
Imwe yeakanyanya hunhu hweiyo Raspberry Pi ndeyekuti inoumbwa nebhodhi diki kwazvo, iro rinogona kusangana nehukuru hwakafanana neiyo kiredhiti kadhi. Iyo zvakare ine RAM micro processor ine simba rinodiwa rekumhanyisa system yekomputa iyi pasina dambudziko uye inogona kupihwa inokwana 1 GHz.
Iyo microprocessor inosanganisirwa mune yakasarudzika chip inozivikanwa se Broadcom BCM 2835; Saizvozvowo, ine RAM ye512, inogadzirwawo neVideocore IV GPU kuitira kuti chero mhando yechirongwa iitwe pasina kuratidza chero mhando yekundikana kana kusapindirana; Rimwe basa iro rinotendera ndiko kufamba kuburikidza ne res, saka mushandisi anogona kushandisa internet.
Imwe yemamiriro ezvinhu kutora mukana kune ese mabhenefiti uye hunhu hweiyo Raspberry Pi ndeyekuti ine yakatarwa yekuchengetedza, iyo inofanirwa kuenderana neiyo SD kadhi kana micro SD, izvi nekuda kwayo chaiwo masisitimu mune anoshanda system, sezvo inopa zvakwakanakira akati wandei mumabasa echirongwa icho chaive nacho mu microcomputer.
Iyo ine ina USB madoko, ayo anotendera mushandisi kubatanidza yakawedzera Hardware iyo inopa mabasa anoenderana nekugadzirwa kwayo. Zvakare pakati pehunhu hweiyo Raspberry Pi ndeyekuti muchina uyu unofanirwa kusunganidzwa kune sosi yemagetsi magetsi, kuitira kuti ayo chaiwo mabasa agone kuitiswa neyekuchinjika ikozvino pakati pechimwe nechimwe chezvinhu zvacho.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GbyAHaigeQ
Izvo hazvisanganise kesi kana chero periiperi, pakati pavo mbeva kana mhando yekhibhodi inogona kutumidzwa zita, izvi nekuda kwechikonzero chekuti ine microcomputer. Iyo yekutanga modhi yerudzi urwu rwecomputer yaive yakakurumbira pakati pevatengi vemakomputa, yakatotengeswa mumusika sechinhu chinoshandiswa mumarobhoti, nekuda kweiyo diki dhizaini uye hunhu hwayo hwakananga munzvimbo yesainzi yemakomputa.
Zuva rayo rekuparura raive muna 2014 muna Kukadzi 29, uye kutengesa kwakawanikwa kweiyi micro modhi kwakasvika angangoita zviuru makumi matatu ezviuru. Inoda magetsi anosvika ku30000000 W semuganhu wepamusoro, izvi zvinoreva kuti inoda 15,3 Amp uye 3 Volt, izvi zvakare zvinoenderana nepurosesa uye ndangariro dzinogadzirwa nemidziyo.
Iyo processor uye ndangariro zvinowirirana zvinoenderana neiyo modhi yeRaspberry Pi microcomputer, pakati peanoshanda masisitimu anotsigirwa nemidziyo iyi RISC OC uye zvakare iyo GNU / Linux ARM. Nekuda kwehunhu uhwu, zvine mukana wekugona kuiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana, kungave mune zvedzidzo, mune akasiyana prototype dhizaini uye zvakare mumaindasitiri akasiyana.
Mukutengesa kwerudzi urwu rwecomputer accessories zvinowedzerwa izvo zvinogona kushandiswa mune ino microcomputer, nenzira iyi vashandisi vane mukana wekushandisa mamwe mabasa anopiwa nemuchina uyu. Iyo yakavhurika sosi saka inobvumidza kushandiswa kweakasiyana masisitimu anoshanda kunze kweDebian inova hwaro hwesisitimu iyo muchina uyu unoratidzwa, nokudaro uchivhura nzira nyowani umo vana vanogona kudzidziswa nezve komputa.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva kuti ndeapi anonyanya kufarirwa SSD disks, saka unokokwa kuti uverenge chinyorwa pa Yakanakisa SSD uko kunotsanangurwa kwayakakosha maitiro, zvakanakira uye zvimwe zvakawanda.
Models
Nayo microcomputer iyi inogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, sekutsanangurwa pamusoro apa kungave kwekudzidzisa munzvimbo yesainzi yemakomputa kana prototyping. Kutenda kumidziyo yayo, inoshandiswa muzvidzidzo zvevana zvakanangana munzvimbo yekomputa, uye pamabhizimusi ese inoshandiswa kugadzira chigadzirwa chemakomputa nenzira iyo inobvumidza mashandiro ayo kuve akakwana.
Pakati pehunhu hweRaspberry Pi, processor uye ndangariro zvinoumba zvinonzi mazita, izvo zvinosiyana zvichienderana nemhando yekombuta iri kushandiswa, nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzeiyi komputa inogona kushandiswa, zvichipa mukana kune vashandisi mukutenga iyo imwe ine zvivakwa zvakakosha zvekushandisa chaiko, ndosaka hunhu hwerimwe remhando idzi hwaratidzwa pazasi:
Raspberry Pi 1 Muenzaniso A
Chimwe chehunhu hweiyo Raspberry Pi ndechekuti yaive yekutanga modhi yerudzi urwu rwe microcomputer, yakavhurwa muna 2012 umo kutengesa kwakatangira kwaive kubudirira mumusika. Iyi modhi parizvino yamiswa, nekuti iyo sisitimu yakaramba ichivandudzwa, nekudaro ichigadzira mamwe marudzi emamodheru aive neakakosha zvivakwa.
Yakanga isina chiteshi cheEthernet nekuda kwechikonzero ichi inoda adapter ye USB kuti ibatanidze kune yeWIFI network, yaive zvakare yakaumbwa ne26 GPIO-mhando yekubatanidza. Mukugadzirwa kwayo inopa HDMI vhidhiyo kuburitsa seRCA Vhidhiyo kuburitsa ichibvumidza mushandisi musiyano wesarudzo mukutarisa kwemifananidzo; Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zveRaspberry Pies ndeye Jack chinongedzo icho chiri 3,5 mm muhukuru.
Iyo chete ine microUSB yekubatanidza inoenderana nemagetsi emidziyo, inoumbwa nekamera yekubatanidza, pamwe neye 256 RAM ndangariro, nenzira imwecheteyo 700 MHz Imwe-Core.Panyaya ye processor yayo inoenderana kune Broadcom BCM2835, saka yaivimba ne2 Amp, 5V magetsi ekuti ishande nemazvo; mutengo wakagadzwa mumusika weiyi komputa yaive makumi mana euros.
Raspberry Pi 1 Muenzaniso B uye B +
Musiyano kana kuenderera kweiyo modhi A ine iyo Raspberry Pi 1 modhi B, mairi iyo inopa nhevedzano yekuvandudzwa kana ichienzaniswa neyekare modhi, zvese zvinoenderana nesystem uye izvo zvinhu zvinoumba iyi microcomputer. Imwe yedzakanyanya kugadziridzwa yaive mukukwanisa kweye RAM ndangariro uko kwakapetwa kaviri saizi yayo yapfuura.
Yakavambwa muna2012, nguva imwecheteyo neiyo yapfuura modhi, ichi chiri chikonzero chekuti shanduko dzakaitwa kwaingova kuvandudza kune zvayakakosha zvivakwa. Yayo RAM ndangariro yaive 512 MB, mukugadzirwa kwayo imwe chiteshi che USB yakawedzerwa uye hunhu hwayo hukuru ndeyekuti ine chiteshi chekumisikidza RJ-45 Ethernet kubatana; asi saizi yayo yakachengetedzwa saka mutengo wayo wemusika wakachengetwa pa40 euros.
Mune processor, hapana shanduko dzakaitwa, Broadcom BCM2835 yakachengetedzwa, kana graphic system yeiyi microcomputer haina kuchinjwa, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi yaionekwa seyakavandudzwa vhezheni, nekuti yaingowedzera kana kuwedzera mimwe miganho yakapihwa mune hunhu hwe iyo Raspberry Pi ichipa yakakura kushandisa uye zvishandiso kune vashandisi kuvandudza emhando dzakasiyana dzemakomputa.
Mushure mechinguva, imwe vhezheni yemhando ichangoburwa yakavhurwa, iyo yainzi B +, uko hunhu hwayo hukuru hwaichengetwa uye kungowedzerwa chete kwakawedzerwa nekuremekedza madoko eUSB, saka ikozvino madoko mana aivapo kuitira kuti mushandisi ave mukuru kurerukirwa mukuwedzera zvimwe zvekushandisa, MicroSD memory yakaunzwa zvakare kuti iwedzere kushanda kwemidziyo; Nekuda kweiyi yekuvandudza vhezheni B yakamiswa.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwakakanganisa pasirese nekupa zvirinani michina yemhando yepamusoro, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti uverenge chinyorwa pa Shanduko yekomputa.
Raspberry Pi 2 Muenzaniso B
Rudzi rwechipiri urwu rwakatangwa muna2014, uye chimwe chehunhu hwacho ndechekuti yakanga isina kugadziriswa kumwechete kwakashandiswa mune yekutanga modhi, yaive neBroadcom BCM2835, zvisinei hazvo iyo mhando yemidziyo yakachengetedzwa uye chete yeshanduro nyowani. iyo yaive nezvivakwa zvirinani uye yakapa iyo microcomputer maficha matsva ekuwedzera mashandiro ayo, saka yakashandisa iyo BCM2836 modhi.
Iine macores mana ayo anonatsiridza mashandiro ehurongwa, achive akasiyana zvakanyanya neiyo yapfuura modhi, sezvo yaingova neyako imwe chete, kazhinji aya macores aive ne 900 MHz yesimba, zvekuti kumhanya muchirongwa kwakawedzerwa, pamwe neiyo mabasa ayo ainopa kune vashandisi; Izvo zvinoitika neiyo RAM, iri mune iyi vhezheni ine chinzvimbo che1 GB.
Iyo inoshandisa iyo yakafanana graphic system senge mune yapfuura vhezheni, ndiko kuti, inoshandisa iyo VideoCoreIV, iyi nhoroondo kuva imwe yezvishoma zvivakwa zvisina kuchinjwa kana kuchinjwa. Iyi sisitimu inosvika makumi mana GPIO pini, inochengeta ina USB madoko asi inobvisa RCA yekubatanidza iyo yakamboratidzwa, zvisinei izvi, inopa nzira iri nani yekushandisa iyi michina kutora chimwe nechimwe chazvakanakira nezvakanakira.
Raspberry Pi 3 Muenzaniso B uye B+
Iyo modhi nyowani yakatangwa muna2016, makore maviri mushure meiyo vhezheni yechipiri yemidziyo, ndosaka ichipa shanduko nyowani uye mashandiro, izvi zvinokonzereswa neshanduko yega yega yakaitwa mukugadzirwa kwayo uye nesisitimu. Musiyano mukuru pakati pezvinhu zvacho ipurosesa, iyo yakagadziridzwa kune imwe mhando yakagadziridzwa ine hukuru hukuru, inosvika kusvika pa2 GHz.
Kukosha uku kwaive kwakakwirira zvakanyanya kupfuura yapfuura, inoenderana ne900 MHz, yakawanikwawo nekambani yeBroadcom, ndosaka yakapa Quad-Core. Yayo RAM ndangariro yaive 1 GB, chinova chinhu chandino chengeta kubva kune yayo yapfuura modhi, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvivakwa, zvakapa mushandisi kuita kwakaringana kwemakomputa masystem, nenzira imwechete iyo iyo yakapa mabasa matsva kuburikidza nemirairo yayo chaiyo.
Iyo WIFI yekubatanidza yakawedzerwa pasina kushandisa adhaputa, nokudaro ichibvumidza kupinda kune network pasina zvimwe zvakawanda zvekuwedzera, saizvozvowo kutaurirana kweBluetooth kwakagadzwa pasina kushandisa chinhu cheadapter. Kutenda kune aya matsva, iyi vhezheni yaive yekubudirira kwekutengesa mumusika, ichipa mikana mitsva yekuenderera pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwayo.
Mushure memakore maviri, modhi nyowani yerudzi urwu rwe microcomputer yakaitwa, yainzi B +, yakavhurwa muna 2018 uye yakamiririra gadziriso nyowani yeB modhi, chimwe chehunhu hweRaspberry Pi B + ndiko kubatana kwayo ne iyo network, iyo yaive zvino yehukuru hwakawanda uye yakagadzikana, ichibvumira mushandisi kutora mukana wekushanda kwema network kusvika padanho re5 GHz yekubatana.
Yakanga iine mhando nyowani yeprosesa ine huwandu hwe1,4 GHz, izvi zvinowedzera mashandiro emidziyo pamwe nekuitwa kweiyo RAM uye yayo yekutanga mashandiro. Saizvozvowo, inogadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwe data iyo mushandisi inopinda mukombuta. Inopa mbiri-bhendi isina waya kubatana, kutora mukana we5 GHz mukutamisa data.
Iyo ine katatu Ethernet chiteshi inosvika 300 MB / s, ichipfuura iyo yapfuura modhi iyo chete ine chete inomhanya ye100 MB / s. Panyaya yekubatana kweBluetooth, iri muLow Energy asi iine vhezheni yakadzvanywa kuenda ku4.2, mukubatana nemhando yapfuura, kuchinjisa kukuru kunotenderwa nenzira iyi nekuda kwega kwega kugadziridzwa kwekugadzirwa kwayo, zvichibvumira mushandisi uve nemamwe mabasa aunogona kushandisa.
Raspberry Pi 3 Muenzaniso A+
Mune ino vhezheni nyowani yeRaspberry Pi yakavhurwa muna 2018, mugore rimwe chete neB + modhi, zvisinei mhando iyi inopa mashoma mashandiro uye mabhenefiti kune vashandisi, saka mutengo wayo mumusika wakaderera pane mutengo. Yapfuura modhi. Iyo ine yakadzika inokwana ye RAM ndangariro iri 512 MB iyo inogovaniswa neiyo Vhidhiyo Core IV GPU nekuda kwekuti dhizaini yayo yakagadzwa sei.
Zvekare, chimiro chayo chinongobvumidza imwe USB yekubatanidza chiteshi, nekudaro kudzikamisa huwandu hwezvinhu zvinogona kubatanidzwa. Chimwe chehunhu hwayo hukuru ndechekuti inochengetedza processor yeiyo chete mhando, zvisinei haina chiteshi chekumisikidza wired network kubatana, ndokuti, chinongedzo cheEthernet, iyi dudziro ichinyanya kukosha panguva yaunoda kuwana imwe pamusika.
Raspberry Pi 4 Muenzaniso B
Iine iyi modhi nyowani, kugadziridzwa kwakawanda uye kugadziridzwa kwakaitwa kune ino sisitimu uye zvikamu zvayo, yakavhurwa muna2019 mumwedzi waChikumi uye hunhu hwayo hukuru kana shanduko yakaitwa mukugadzirwa kwayo ndeyekuti uyu modhi une madoko maviri microHDMI, imwe yemabhenefiti ayo ndeyekuti inogona kushandiswa kubata maviri 4K skrini pamwe nekuwanda kwe60 Hz.
Iyo ine USB 3.0 chiteshi ichive yakagadziridzwa vhezheni ichienzaniswa neyakadarika modhi, izvi zvinobvumidza mushandisi kuve nekushanda kuri nani nezvimwe zvinhu zvekunze, zvakare ine chiteshi cheEthernet kumisikidza kubatana kweimwe network pasina kuva nemuganhu we300 MB uye kuburikidza neprosesa yayo michina inoshanda nehupamhi hwekuita, saka komputa system haina kuratidza chero dambudziko mukuitwa kwayo.
